丙泊酚麻醉下舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效浓度

目的探讨丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)时舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效浓度(Ce50)。方法择期全麻手术患者29例,以效应室浓度TCI舒芬太尼,3 min后给予血浆靶浓度为3μg/ml丙泊酚,意识消失后给予维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg。舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度按序贯法确定,舒芬太尼靶控浓度从0.4 ng/ml开始,相邻靶浓度之间比率为1.2。结果丙泊酚3μg/ml麻醉下,舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50为0.32 ng/ml,95%可信区间(CI)为0.3～0.36 ng/ml。结论在复合TCI丙泊酚3μg/ml时,舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50为0.32 ng/ml。     

重症肌无力患者无肌松药下靶控输注丙泊酚时舒芬太尼诱导气管插管的半数有效浓度

目的 研究靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚时舒芬太尼复合气管内表面麻醉,在无肌松药下诱导重症肌无力(MG)患者气管插管所需的半数有效浓度.方法 拟行经胸骨正中劈开胸腺切除术的MG患者20例,AsA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.麻醉诱导丙泊酚采用血浆浓度(Cp)TCI,维持3.5μg/ml不变;舒芬太尼采用效应室浓度(Ce)TCI,按序贯法确定浓度,依次为0.15、0.23、0.34、0.50 ng/ml等比递增,相邻效应室靶浓度之间比例为1.5.复合气管内表面麻醉后行气管插管.监测诱导、插管过程中的血压,心率和脑电双频指数(BIS).结果 50%患者完成插管时舒芬太尼的浓度为0.23 ng/ml,95%的可信区间为0.20～0.27 ng/ml.结论 MG患者在不使用肌松药和复合气管内表面麻醉的情况下完成气管插管,丙泊酚血浆靶浓度为3.5 μg/ml,舒芬太尼半数有效效应室靶浓度为0.23 ng/ml.     

右美托咪啶复合靶控输注异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的量效关系

目的 确定右美托咪啶复合靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的效应室靶浓度(EC50和EC95).方法 单肺通气全麻胸外科手术患者30例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40 ～ 64岁,体重指数＜30 kg/m2.经10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg,随后以0.3μg·kg-1·h-1的速率维持至手术结束前30 min.TCI舒芬太尼3 min后TCI异丙酚,Ce 3 μg/ml,意识消失时静脉注射罗库溴铵0.8 mg/kg行双腔气管插管.采用序贯法进行试验,TCI舒芬太尼初始Ce 0.3 ng/ml,如果前一例患者发生气管插管反应,则下一例患者采用高一级浓度,否则采用低一级浓度,相邻靶浓度之间比率为1.1.气管插管反应的标准:气管插管后3 min内MAP波动幅度超过基础水平15％和/或HR＞90次/min.采用概率单位回归分析法计算舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50和EC95.结果 舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,其95％可信区间为0.20～0.26 ng/ml;抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC95为0.26 ng/ml,其95％可信区间为0.24～0.31 ng/ml.结论 右美托咪啶复合TCI异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50和EC95分别为0.23和0.26 ng/ml.     

TCI舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人麻醉恢复质量的比较

目的 比较TCI舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人的麻醉恢复质量.方法 择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人40例,年龄40～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=20):TCI瑞芬太尼复合麻醉组(R组)和TCI舒芬太尼复合麻醉组(S组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射阿托品0.25 mg,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼(或舒芬太尼),异丙酚血浆靶浓度(Cp)为4.0μg/ml,瑞芬太尼Cp为4.0 ng/ml,舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)为0.4 ng/ml,静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg,气管插管后机械通气.麻醉维持:TCI异丙酚,瑞芬太尼Cp和舒芬太尼Ce分别为2.5、0.25 ng/ml,间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.03 mg/kg,调节异丙酚Cp和七氟醚浓度,维持Norcotrend指数37～56.记录苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间和麻醉恢复期不良事件的发生情况.结果 与R组比较,S组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长,但是高血压、心动过速、呛咳、躁动和寒颤的发生率降低(P＜0.05);2组均无一例病人发生苏醒延迟或呼吸抑制.结论 与TCI瑞芬太尼复合麻醉比较,TCI舒芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人麻醉恢复质量较高.     

不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 评价不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者50例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～57岁,随机分为5组(n=10),舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)分别设定为0.07、0.10、0.14、0.20、0.28 ng/ml.持续监测BIS、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压和心电图.麻醉诱导:异丙酚起始血浆靶浓度(Cp)3.0μg/ml,若Ce与Cp平衡后5 min意识仍未消失,以0.3 μg/ml浓度梯度递增,持续靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚Cp和Ce,并维持该浓度,随后按预设不同Ce TCI舒芬太尼,每分钟记录BIS、HR,收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和MAP.待舒芬太尼Ce与Cp平衡时,静脉注射琥珀酰胆碱1.5mg/kg,行气管插管.结果 各组意识消失时异丙酚Cp、Ce及BIS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TCI舒芬太尼后,BIS逐渐降低,当舒芬太尼Cp和Ce平衡时,BIS明显低于TCI舒芬太尼前水平(P<0.05);BIS与舒芬太尼Ce呈负相关(r=-0.419,P<0.05).结论 靶控输注舒芬太尼可进一步降低异丙酚全麻患者的BIS.     

心脏瓣膜置换术患者不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉的效果

目的 探讨心脏瓣膜置换术患者靶控输注(TCI)不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉的效果.方法 择期行心脏瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者40例,心功能Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=20):低浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚组(L组)和高浓度瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚组(H组).静脉注射不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚进行麻醉诱导,术中调节异丙酚血浆靶浓度,维持脑电双频指数40～60,L组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)为4～8 ng,ml,CPB期间维持Ce 2 ng/ml;H组瑞芬太尼Ce为8-12ng,ml,CPB期间维持Ce 4 ng/ml.记录心率、收缩压、舒张压、血管活性药应用及术后恢复情况,测定麻醉诱导前即刻、劈胸骨后5 min、心脏复跳后5 min和术毕时血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇浓度.结果 2组术中循环稳定,血管活性药使用率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组未发生术中知晓,术后无明显低血压和恶性心律失常发生,所有患者痊愈出院.与L组比较,H组切皮前和CPB前心率减慢(P＜0.05),劈胸骨后5 min血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和异丙酚靶浓度较低,术中异丙酚总用量减少(P＜0.05).结论 心脏瓣膜置换术患者TCI瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉时,当瑞芬太尼ce为4～12 ng/ml时,血液动力学稳定,术后恢复好;Ce为8～12 ng/ml时可减少异丙酚用量,减轻CPB前应激反应.     

靶控输注舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对诱导期血流动力学的影响

目的 比较不同靶浓度舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对诱导期血流动力学的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者45例随机分为三组,每组15例.首先效应室分梯度靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组TCI浓度依次为1.0、2.0、3.0 μg/ml.然后效应室TCI舒芬太尼,舒芬太尼浓度分别为0.2μg/ml(Ⅰ组)、0.3 μg/ml(Ⅱ组)和0.4 μg/ml(Ⅲ组),记录基础值(T0)、丙泊酚达1.0 μg/ml(T1)、2.0μg/ml(T2)、3.0 μg/ml(T3)、舒芬太尼靶控达平衡后1 min(T4)、插管即刻(T5)、插管后1 min(T6)、3 min(T7)、5 min(T8)的MAP和HR、BIS.结果 Ⅰ组T5～T7时、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T5、T6时的MAP较T4时增高(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组T6～T8和Ⅲ组T6时HR均增快(P＜0.05),但均未超过T0时.三组间BIS值差异无统计学意义.结论 在复合丙泊酚3.0 μg/ml输注时,舒芬太尼效应室浓度为0.3 μg/ml比较适宜气管插管.     

舒芬太尼抑制老年患者McGrath视频喉镜下气管插管反应的半数有效浓度

目的 测定舒芬太尼抑制老年患者McGrath视频喉镜气管插管反应的半数有效浓度(median effectiveconcentration,EC50).方法 选择全身麻醉下气管插管行外科手术的老年患者29例,年龄66岁～75岁.患者入室建立静脉通路后给予咪达唑仑0.02 mg/kg.诱导同时以效应室靶浓度(target effect-site concentration,Ce)靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)丙泊酚和舒芬太尼,丙泊酚的初始Ce为1.5 mg/L,2 min后调至2.5 mg/L;舒芬太尼的Ce浓度为0.3 μg/L.当镇静/警醒评分≤2时,给予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg.待舒芬太尼Ce与血浆浓度(plasma concentration,Cp)平衡后McGrath视频喉镜下气管插管.观察患者的气管插管反应,若插管反应呈阳性,按序贯法依次升高下一例舒芬太尼的Ce,若插管反应呈阴性,则降低下一例舒芬太尼的Ce,各相邻浓度间比例为1.2.结果 舒芬太尼TCI抑制老年患者McGrath视频喉镜下气管插管反应的EC50为0.194 μg/L,95％置信区间(confidence interval,cI)为0.174 μg/L～0.212 μg/L(P＜0.01).麻醉诱导过程中舒芬太尼的平均用量为(0.211±0.039) μg/kg(P＜0.01).结论 丙泊酚Ce为2.5 mg/L时,舒芬太尼抑制50％老年患者McGrath视频喉镜下气管插管反应的Ce为0.194 μg/L.     

汉族和哈萨克族靶控输注丙泊酚浓度差异的观察

目的 探讨新疆汉族、哈萨克族间民族差异对患者全麻诱导时不同镇静深度下靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚效应室浓度(Ce)的影响.方法 拟行全麻的骨科患者42例,按民族分为两组:汉族组(H组)和哈萨克族组(K组),每组21例.麻醉诱导:两组患者均静注芬太尼后,TCI丙泊酚至脑电双频谱指数(BIS)降到40～50后静注维库溴铵,气管插管,机械通气.观察麻醉诱导前(T<,0>)、静注芬太尼4 rnin后(T<,1>)、意识消失时(T<,2>)、BIS降到40～50时(T<,3>)、静注维库溴铵4 min后(T<,4>)、气管插管即刻(T<,5>)、插管后1 min(T<,6>)、3 min(T<,7>)、5 min(T<,8>)时SBP、HR、BIS值和T<,2>、T<,3>时的丙泊酚Ce值及用药剂量.同时记录意识消失时间、达插管深度时间.结果 T<,2>、T<,3>时K组丙泊酚Ce高于H组(P<0.05);K组意识消失时间、达插管深度时间长于H组,丙泊酚用药量大于H组(P<0.01).结论 哈萨克族患者复合等量芬太尼麻醉诱导时不同镇静深度下所需TCI丙泊酚浓度较汉族患者大,临床麻醉中应区别用药.     

七氟醚诱导无肌松下舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的浓度

目的 测定七氟醚诱导无肌松条件下舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的效应室靶浓度(EC50和EC95).方法 选择27例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期全麻手术患者,吸入8%七氟醚诱导同时靶控输注(TCI)舒芬太尼,舒芬太尼靶浓度按改良序贯法增加或减少0.02 ng/ml.患者意识消失后七氟醚浓度降至5%,待舒芬太尼的血浆浓度和效应室浓度平衡1 min后行气管插管.用概率单位回归法计算出舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50、EC95及相应的95%可信区间(CI).结果 舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50为0.325 ng/ml,95%CI为0.307～0.342 ng/ml;EC95为0.363 ng/ml,95%CI为0.344～0.498 ng/ml.结论 七氟醚诱导时无肌松条件下舒芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50和EC95为0.325 ng/ml和0.363 ng/ml.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

Work and career experiences and emotional well-being of managerial and professional women

This study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well-being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self-reported emotional well-being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.