注射供者的肝匀浆提取液延长大鼠异位心脏移植存活时间

目的探讨注射供者的肝匀浆提取液对大鼠淋巴细胞功能及大鼠异位移植心的影响。方法以Wistar大鼠为供者,SD大鼠为受者。制作Wistar大鼠的肝匀浆提取液；建立大鼠同种异体异位心脏移植模型。(1)经受者阴茎静脉注射肝匀浆提取液0．3 ml,14d后取供、受者的血液,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法分别测定受者对同一供者和无关供者的单向混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)。(2)心脏移植术前2h经受者阴茎静脉注射肝匀浆提取液0．3 ml。心脏移植术后分别观察受者注射同一供者和无关供者的肝匀浆提取液后移植心脏的存活时间；心脏停跳后取移植心做病理检查及免疫组织化学检测。结果受者对同一供者和无关供者的单向MLR比较,前者明显减轻,吸光度A值分别为：0．434±0．034和0．522±0．015,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。心脏移植术前,受者接受同一供者和无关供者的肝匀浆提取液后,前者移植心脏存活时间延长,分别为(38．05±17．07)d和(9．86±2．67)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)；且前者心肌出血、坏死程度更轻,心肌组织内IgM和IgG沉积更少。结论注射同一供者的肝匀浆提取液能特异性抑制相应个体抗原引起的淋巴细胞增殖反应,减轻大鼠移植心脏的排斥反应,明显延长其存活时间。     

供者脾细胞和环磷酰胺联合预处理对移植心脏存活的作用

目的　诱导同种异体心脏移植的免疫耐受 ,为心脏移植的抗排斥反应治疗提供依据。　方法　采用供者脾细胞和环磷酰胺联合预处理受者 ,诱导受者对移植心脏的免疫耐受 ,然后行大鼠颈部心脏移植术。将实验动物分成 5组。对照组 :受者不作任何预处理 ;组 1:预处理第 2天用环磷酰胺 5 0～ 80 mg/ kg预处理受者 ;组 2 :预处理当天用供者 5～ 10× 10 7个脾细胞预处理受者 ;组 3:受者不作任何预处理 ,手术当天开始用环孢菌素 A10 mg/ kg,每 2天 1次 ,共 8～ 10次 ,腹腔内注入 ;组 4:预处理当天用供者脾细胞 5～ 10× 10 7个和第 2天环磷酰胺 5 0～ 80 mg/ kg联合预处理受者。　结果　各组移植心脏的存活时间明显不同 ,5组移植心脏的存活时间差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。供者脾细胞和环磷酰胺预处理受者的移植心脏存活时间明显延长。　结论　供者脾细胞和环磷酰胺联合预处理 ,可诱导受者对移植心脏的免疫耐受。     

白细胞介素10修饰树突状细胞诱导大鼠小肠移植免疫耐受的研究

目的　探讨白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )修饰的供者树突状细胞 (DC)对大鼠小肠移植术后免疫耐受的诱导效果 ,为抗排斥反应治疗提供依据。方法　健康成年SD大白鼠为供者 ,Wistar大鼠为受者。受者大鼠 18只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组均为 6只。A组 :为对照组 ,受者不经任何预处理 ,即行小肠移植术 ;B组 :小肠移植前 7d ,每只受者经尾静脉注射供者的DC ,细胞数为 2× 10 7个 ;C组 :小肠移植前 7d ,每只受者经尾静脉注射用IL 10修饰的供者DC ,细胞数为 2× 10 7个。B、C组 1周后行大鼠异位节段性小肠移植术 ,观察各组受者移植小肠存活情况。结果　A、B、C组大鼠移植小肠存活时间分别为 :(7.33± 2 .4 2 )d、(8.33± 2 .94 )d、(18.5± 5 .17)d。经统计学分析 ,A、B组之间差异无显著性 ,而C组与A、B组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　用IL 10修饰的供者树突状细胞对受者进行预处理 ,可明显延长受者大鼠小肠移植术后存活时间。     

小鼠自体肝脏星状细胞联合同种异体胰岛细胞移植延长移植物存活时间的研究

目的 研究小鼠自体肝脏星状细胞联合同种异体胰岛细胞移植的新方法对胰岛移植物存活时间的作用.方法 选择雄性BALB/c小鼠为胰岛移植模型的供者,雄性C57BL/6糖尿病小鼠为受者.随机将受者分为A、B两组.A组:仅采用供者的胰岛细胞移植;B组:采用受者的肝脏星状细胞(HSCs)与供者胰岛细胞混合后共同移植.术后定期测定受者尾静脉血的血糖含量.结果 B组受者胰岛移植物的存活时间明显延长,血糖含量维持正常的中位时间为66 d(30～180 d),而A组血糖含量维持正常的中位时间为11 d(9～15 d),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 受者肝脏星状细胞能延长共同移植的同种异体胰岛移植物存活时间.     

供肝冷缺血时间延长诱发大鼠原位肝移植术后早期急性排斥反应的研究

目的 研究供肝冷缺血时间延长对大鼠原位肝移植术后早期急性排斥反应的影响.方法 选取30只健康纯系清洁级BN大鼠和30只Lewis大鼠.分别作为纯系移植和同种异体移植的供者,受者均为健康纯系清洁级BN大鼠60只,建立纯系和同种异体原位肝移植模型.根据纯系移植和同种异体移植供肝冷缺血时间的不同,将供、受者分为A、B、C和D组,每组15对.A组:供肝冷缺血1 h后进行纯系移植;B组:供肝冷缺血18 h后进行纯系移植;C组:供肝冷缺血1 h后进行同种异体移植;D组:供肝冷缺血18 h后进行同种异体移植.术后观察受者的2周存活率、移植肝组织病理学及肝功能的改变,检测受者主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)-Ⅱ类分子和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)的表达水平.结果 肝移植术后2周,A、B、C和D组的存活率分别为83.3%、66.7%、16.7%和0%,不管是纯系移植组还是同种异体移植组中供肝的冷保存时间越短,受者的存活率越高,且经肝功能检查发现冷保存时间短的受者移植肝功能恢复较好,移植肝组织病理学损伤和急性排斥反应也明显较轻.B组受者术后移植肝大量表达MHC-Ⅱ类分子,明显高于A组(P＜0.05);两同种异体移植组MHC-Ⅱ类分子的表达量较两纯系移植组增加明显,D组增加最多.A组几乎不表达NF-κB,而B组NF-κB的表达显著增加(P＜0.05);两同种异体移植组受者NF-κB的表达峰值提前.结论 冷缺血时间的延长可以诱导发生和加重大鼠原位肝移植术后早期急性排斥反应,降低术后2周存活率.     

负载供者凋亡细胞的受者未成熟树突状细胞可延长小鼠移植心脏的存活时间

目的　探讨吞噬供体凋亡细胞的受者树突状细胞 (DC)的功能及其在诱导同种异体小鼠心脏移植耐受中的作用。方法　应用中波紫外线照射的方法诱导供者脾细胞凋亡 ,并在体外与受者骨髓来源的DC共同培养 ,同时用核因子 κB寡聚脱氧核苷酸诱骗剂 (NF κBODNDecoy)抑制DC的成熟。建立同种异体小鼠心脏异位移植模型 ,移植术前 7d经门静脉给受者输注经上述处理的DC ,观察移植物的存活时间 ,并检测移植物内相关细胞因子基因的表达情况。结果　NF κBODNDecoy可明显抑制DC吞噬凋亡细胞后的成熟 ;经NF κBODNDecoy处理且负载凋亡脾细胞的DC可抑制T淋巴细胞增殖反应 ,且具有供者特异性 ,接受DC门静脉输注的受者 ,移植心脏的平均存活时间明显延长 ,移植心脏内白细胞介素 2及γ干扰素mRNA的水平减低 ,白细胞介素 10mRNA的水平升高 ,而输注仅负载凋亡脾细胞的DC ,移植心脏的平均存活时间未见延长 (P <0 .0 1) ,这种保护作用具有抗原特异性。结论　以NF κBODNDecoy处理的、吞噬同种凋亡细胞的受者未成熟DC可明显延长同种小鼠移植心脏的存活时间。     

同种异体小肠移植临床实践(附一例报告)

同种异体小肠移植临床实践（附一例报告）王鹏志朱理玮李克敏薛承锐刘彤周德俊罗宇东逯宁章志翔何小玲本文报告一例小肠移植及术后处理经验。该受者为２１岁男性，患克隆氏病１５年，严重贫血，进行性营养不良。１９９５年９月１８日接受同种异体节段性小肠移植，血管采用...     

胸腺移植在诱导免疫耐受中的应用

近年来,由于认识到引起器官移植排斥反应的主要效应细胞--T淋巴细胞能够在异体胸腺内发育成熟,通过移植供者的胸腺来诱导受者对供者的特异性免疫耐受成了人们的研究热点,本文对近5年来这方面的研究进展作一综述.     

肝细胞和脾细胞单独或联合输注对异种胰岛细胞移植排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨供者的肝细胞和脾细胞输注对同一供者胰岛细胞移植排斥反应的影响。方法 经尿静脉给BALB/c小鼠糖尿病模型注射供者（猪）的肝细胞和脾细胞，腹腔内注射途径进行猪胰岛细胞移植。移植后测定受者的血糖变化，观察小鼠移植物有功能存活时间。同时测定小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，脾脏淋巴细胞转化功能和自然杀伤细胞活性的变化。结果 胰岛细胞移植前输注肝细胞，脾细胞以及肝细胞和脾细胞混合悬液者，移植物有功能存活时间延长，其淋巴细胞转化率。自然杀伤细胞活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬功能均较低，以肝细胞和脾细胞联合输注者为著。结论 移植前少量多次的供者肝细胞和脾细胞输注可以降低异种胰岛细胞移植排斥反应的强度。     

T细胞疫苗诱导大鼠同种异体肢体移植免疫耐受的实验研究

目的 探讨T细胞疫苗（TCV）诱导大鼠同种异体肢体移植特异性免疫耐受的作用。方法 制备受者Lewis大鼠针对供者DA大鼠的TCV，应用TCV，免疫正常Lewis大鼠共3次，每周1次。设TCV组和TCV未接种组，在接种前及接种后5d进行混合淋巴细胞培养（MLR）；设TCV组、CsA组和空白对照组，于接种后7d进行DA大鼠针对Lewis大鼠的同种异体肢体移植，在术后7d进行淋巴细胞毒检测，术后21d进行嵌合分析。结果 MLR显示，Lewis大鼠的脾细胞反应程度接种组显著低于未接种组（P〈0．01）；微量细胞毒测定显示，死亡细胞百分率在TCV组、CsA组、空白对照组3组比较性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；嵌合分析显示经处理的Lewis大鼠脾脏，胸腺中检测出了DA大鼠源性的骨髓嵌合体。结论 T细胞疫苗可以抑制受者对供者的免疫应答；作为骨髓移植前预处理手段，T细胞疫苗接种后行吻合血管的骨髓移植成功地诱导出同种异体肢体移植嵌合耐受。     

Thymus-mediated immune tolerance to renal allograft is donor but not tissue specific.

Studies were conducted in Lewis (RT1l) rats to determine whether the process of unresponsiveness to kidney graft induced by the intrathymic glomerular transplantation were donor-strain specific as suggested by previous studies (Remuzzi et al., Lancet 1991;337:750-752). When glomeruli from Sprague-Dawley rats were injected in the thymus of Lewis rats, the subsequent kidney graft from a "third party" Brown-Norway (RT1n) rejected within 9 to 14 days. Moreover, an alternative site for glomerular antigen inoculation, such as i.p. administration, failed to induce a state of unresponsiveness to renal allograft. Whether tolerance was tissue specific was investigated by intrathymic injection of a preparation of donor blood cells that only included white cells. Such a maneuver, followed 10 days later by a kidney transplant, allowed indefinite renal graft survival in all animals, whereas all rats injected intrathymically with blood cell medium alone rejected the kidney graft in 8 to 11 days. Shortening the time interval between intrathymic injection of blood cells and kidney transplantation still allowed the graft to survive indefinitely. Finally, Lewis (RT1l) rats with chronic renal failure injected intrathymically with blood cells from Brown-Norway (RT1n) rats tolerated indefinitely a subsequent kidney graft from the same donor. These findings indicate that (1) the induction of immune tolerance to renal allograft induced by intrathymic injection of antigens is donor but not tissue specific; (2) the time interval between intrathymic injection of donor cells and the subsequent kidney transplantation can be reduced to 24 h; and (3) uremia does not preclude the possibility of renal allograft tolerance after the thymus procedure.     

MHC class II presenting cells are necessary for the induction of intrathymic tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the form of cellular donor MHC alloantigen necessary for the induction of intrathymic tolerance. BACKGROUND: The authors have achieved indefinite donor-specific tolerance, to a fully MHC-disparate rat heterotopic cardiac allograft, after the pretransplant intrathymic injection of unfractionated donor splenocytes and a single injection of rabbit anti-rat lymphocyte serum (ALS), without subsequent immunosuppression. METHODS: Male 4-12-week-old Buffalo (RT1b) rats underwent an intrathymic injection of either fractionated Lewis (RT1(1)) red blood cells (purified by Ficoll gradient) or T lymphocytes (purified by nylon wool column and plastic adherence), both of which express only MHC class I alloantigens, or B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (purified by plastic adherence) which express both MHC class I and class II alloantigens. At the completion of alloantigen injection the Buffalo recipient rats were given 1 ml of ALS intraperitoneally. Twenty-one days later a heterotopic Lewis heart was transplanted. RESULTS: The intrathymic injection of the fractions of Lewis MHC class I and class II expressing B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells induced a donor-specific tolerance that resulted in indefinite Lewis cardiac allograft survival (MST > 125 days) in all recipients without further immunosuppression, whereas groups receiving MHC class I expressing red blood cell or T lymphocyte injections plus ALS rejected Lewis cardiac allografts with a MST of 7.3 and 16.5 days, respectively, thus indicating that the MHC class II expressing cell is necessary for the induction of intrathymic tolerance. Buffalo recipients with a long-term surviving Lewis cardiac allograft, after Lewis MHC class II expressing cells were still able to reject a third-party heterotopic ACI (RT1a) cardiac allograft in normal time (MST = 7.0 days), but did not reject a second Lewis cardiac allograft (MST > 100 days). Additionally, the intrathymic injection of MHC class II expressing cells resulted in decreased interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and an 80% decrease in in vitro donor-specific cell mediated cytotoxicity, whereas the cytolytic response to a third party was unaltered. CONCLUSION: Donor MHC class II, and not class I, expressing cells are the cells in donor splenocytes, injected intrathymically, responsible for the development of donor-specific allograft tolerance.     

Could the use of interposition grafts for arterial reconstruction be avoided by more caudate graft placement in living donor liver transplantation?

One of the major challenges in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is short and small vessels (particularly the hepatic artery), particularly in segmental liver grafts from living donors. In the present study we report an alternative surgical technique that avoids interpositional vessel grafts or tension on the connection by anastomizing the allograft hepatic vein to the recipient inferior vena cava in a more caudate location. From March 2000 to January 2003, 28 patients (11 women/17 men) underwent 28 LDLT. Until June 2001, the preferred technique for hepatic vein anastomosis was end-to-end anastomosis between the allograft hepatic vein and the recipient hepatic vein (HV-HV) (n = 10). Thereafter an end-to-side anastomosis was performed between allograft hepatic vein and recipient inferior vena cava (HV-IVC) (n = 18). The level of venotomy on the recipient vena cava was decided according to the pre-anastomotic placement of the allograft in the recipient hepatectomy site with sufficient width to have an hepatic artery anastomosis without tension or need for an interposition graft during hepatic artery and portal vein anastomoses. Except the right lobe allograft with anterior and posterior portal branches, all portal and hepatic artery anastomoses were constructed without an interposition graft or tension in the HV-IVC group. Only one hepatic artery thrombosis developed in the HV-IVC group. As a result, this technique may avoid both hepatic artery thrombosis and the use of interposition grafts in living donor liver transplantation.     

Examination of the mechanisms responsible for tolerance induction after intrathymic inoculation of allogeneic bone marrow.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the immunologic mechanism(s) responsible for the induction of transplantation tolerance in rats pretreated with intrathymic inoculation of donor strain bone marrow. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Induction of unresponsiveness may involve deletion and/or inactivation of donor-reactive T-cell precursors maturing in a thymus harboring donor alloantigen or generation of regulatory/suppressor cells. It was reasoned that, if unresponsiveness is caused by deletion of alloreactive clones, the presence of additional thymic tissue devoid of donor alloantigen permits normal maturation of T-cells and, thus, prevents induction of tolerance. However, if unresponsiveness were primarily mediated by regulatory/suppressor cells, the presence of noninoculated thymic tissue should not affect the induction of tolerance. METHODS: Three strategies were used to define the cellular basis of cardiac and islet allograft survival in WF recipients of intrathymic LEW donor bone marrow as follows: (1) inoculation of bone marrow either into the native thymus and/or into an ectopic thymus, (2) limiting dilution analyses of the frequency of precursor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLp), and (3) adoptive transfer to syngeneic secondary hosts. RESULTS: Inoculation of bone marrow into only one lobe of the native thymus and/or into an ectopic thymus did not promote consistent survival of subsequent LEW cardiac allografts. Tolerant hosts displayed significant reductions in CTLp frequencies against donor alloantigens. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from tolerant WF hosts harboring long-standing cardiac allografts led to permanent survival of LEW cardiac allografts in all secondary recipients. However, transfer of spleen cells from WF animals that received intrathymic LEW bone marrow (but no cardiac allograft) did not promote survival of LEW cardiac allografts in naive secondary hosts. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the unresponsive state after intrathymic inoculation of bone marrow cells is primarily mediated by deletion and/or inactivation of donor-specific T-cell precursors maturing in a chimeric thymus. The demonstration by adoptive transfer studies of putative regulatory/suppressor cells suggested an important role for the persistence of donor alloantigen (supplied by a vascularized allograft) in the maintenance of the unresponsive state.     

亲属活体单段供肝移植治疗极低体重婴儿胆道闭锁一例

目的 总结亲属活体单段供肝移植治疗极低体重婴儿胆道闭锁的临床经验.方法 受者为出生仅145 d的男婴,身高66 crn,体量3.08 kg,被确诊为胆道闭锁伴肝硬化.供者为患儿母亲,年龄36岁,身高145 cm,体重47 kg.采用改良背驮式原位肝移植术,切取供者Ⅱ段肝组织作为供肝,移植肝体积与受者标准肝体积比值为92.5%,GRWR为5.19%,供肝动脉与受者肝右动脉用供者左侧股外侧浅隐静脉搭桥行端端吻合,受者三支肝静脉经整合后与供肝静脉行端端吻合,供肝胆管与受者空肠行Roux-en-Y吻合.术后监测供、受者生命体征、肝肾功能及出血和凝血状况等,常规抗感染治疗.受者术后采用环孢素A、吗替麦考酚酯及甲泼尼龙的方案预防排斥反应.结果 供肝切取手术历时370 min,术中供者出血150 ml均回输,切取供肝重量为160 g.肝移植手术历时451min,术中受者失血230 ml,输注全血200 ml和红细胞悬液50 m1,无肝期时间为71 min,供肝冷缺血时间为132 min.供者恢复顺利,术后8 d拆线出院.受者术后5 d肝功能基本恢复正常,术后7 d各项化验指标均正常.但术后7和15 d时,受者分别发生肠道吻合口漏各1次,经修补后痊愈.受者于术后35 d出院,出院时体重增加0.3 kg,各方面与同龄婴儿相当.结论 亲属活体单段供肝移植是治疗极低体重患儿终未期肝病的一种可供选择的治疗方法,经充分的术前评估、精细的手术操作及良好的围手术期管理后,手术能取得良好效果.     

用袖套式血管吻合法建立大鼠肝、肠联合移植模型

目的 建立肝、肠联合移植手术模型。方法 用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠行同种异体肝、肠联合移植。先行肝移植,再行小肠移植。肝脏为原位移植,供肠异位移植于左肾处（切除左肾）。门静脉、肝下下腔静脉和肠系膜上静脉采用袖套式吻合法分别与受者的门静脉、肝下下腔静脉和左肾静脉吻合,回肠末端在左下腹造瘘。结果 手术成功率为６２．５％,动物平均存活时间１１．２ｄ。组织学检查发现移植肝和小肠发生排斥反应。结论 用袖套式血管吻合     

供者未成熟树突状细胞联合西罗莫司诱导大鼠皮肤移植物免疫耐受研究

目的：观察大鼠骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞（i mDCs）联合西罗莫司（SRL）在诱导大鼠同种异体皮肤移植免疫耐受中的协同作用。方法：以雄性Lewis大鼠为供者、Brown-Norway大鼠为受者,建立大鼠同种异体皮肤移植模型。对照（control）组术前不给予任何干预;未成熟树突状细胞（imDCs）组于术前7天经尾静脉注射供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞;西罗莫司（SRL）组于术后连续7天经胃管灌注西罗莫司;联合（imDCs＋SRL）组于术前7天经尾静脉注射供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞,并于术后连续7天经胃管灌注西罗莫司。结果：对照组、未成熟树突状细胞（imDC）组、西罗莫司（SRL）组、联合（imDCs＋SRL）组大鼠同种异体皮肤移植物术后存活时间分别为（8.25±1.75）（、10.25±1.91）（、10.64±2.50）（、21.38±2.97）天。方差分析提示组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;S-N-K检验提示除单独应用未成熟DC组与单独应用SRL组外,各组间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：供者骨髓来源未成熟树突状细胞可诱导大鼠同种异体皮肤移植免疫耐受;联合使用西罗莫司可延长移植皮片成活时间。     

胸腺修饰诱导同种异体静脉移植的免疫耐受研究

目的 观察大鼠胸腺内注射异基因抗原在同种异体异基因股静脉移植免疫耐受中的作用.方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为4组:自体股静脉移植组(A组)、异体股静脉移植组(B组)、异体股静脉移植免疫抑制剂组(C组)、胸腺内注射供体组织相容性(MHC)抗原后移植组(D组).于2周后进行影像学、组织学、免疫学检测.结果 组织学检测结果显示:D组、C组急性排斥反应损伤较轻,B组血管壁的各层结构破坏最重,可见大量炎性细胞浸润.B组受体大鼠血清干扰素(IFN)-γ浓度为(86.707±10.928)ng/L,显著高于A、C、D组[(29.328±4.170)、(69.076±8.059)、(63.355±4.895)ng/L,P<0.05];B组受体大鼠血清白细胞介素(IL)-4浓度为(23.656±3.369)ng/L,显著低于C、D组[(29.425±4.174)、(31.000±4.659)ng/L,P<0.05].结论 胸腺内注射异基因MHC抗原可诱导大鼠对同种异体血管移植的特异性免疫耐受.     

Kinetic analysis of microchimerism induced by intrathymic injection of allogeneic splenocytes in mice

Allograft survival facilitated by intrathymic (i.t.) injection of allogeneic cells have shown that modifications of T-cell development induce specific tolerance. One hypothesis is that the resulting microchimerism may play a role in preparing the host immune system for the allograft. To investigate whether the deliberate introduction of allogeneic splenocytes into the thymus of adult mice allows the establishment of a lasting donor/recipient microchimerism, a full allogeneic mouse system (H-2 and Mls) with additional sex mismatch was used. Male cells injected into female mice were detected using an optimized nested-polymerase chain reaction which specifically amplifies the SRY gene with a sensitivity of 1/10(4). After i.t. injection, donor cells were observed early both in the lymph nodes and spleen (75 and 25% of mice, respectively). They were still present on day 6, although preferentially in the thymus (100% of mice) than in the lymph nodes (50% of mice) or in the spleen (22% of mice). After intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, donor cells were early (2 h) but transiently detected in the thymus, since on day 6 they were detected in 0 and 17% of mice after i.p. and s.c. injection, respectively. Kinetics of donor-cell detection was similar both in the spleen and lymph nodes with a clear decrease in the percentage of mice with donor-cell detection between day 2 and day 6 (20 and 17% of positive mice for the spleen after i.p. and s.c. injections, respectively--20 and 33% of positive mice for the lymph nodes after i.p. and s.c. injections, respectively). Our results clearly show that i.t. injection of allogeneic splenocytes induces a microchimerism which is both more lasting and detected in a higher percentage of mice than by the i.p. and s.c. routes, both at the central (thymus) and peripheral (spleen) levels.     

胸腺内注射异基因抗原诱导鼠神经移植免疫耐受的实验研究

目的探讨小鼠胸腺内注射异基因抗原在同种异体异基因坐骨神经移植免疫耐受中的作用。方法自供体小鼠C57BL／6的脾细胞中提取MHC抗原注人受体鼠Balb／c小鼠胸腺内，于2周后移植供体鼠坐骨神经。48只Balb／c小鼠随机分为4组，A组（胸腺内注射组）、B组（自体神经移植组）、C组（冷冻异体神经移植组）、D组（异体神经移植加用免疫抑制剂组）。于3周后进行电生理学、组织学、免疫学检测。结果A组运动神经传导速度（38．23m／s）与D组（36．39m／s）相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05），组织学、电镜、免疫学（混合淋巴细胞培养及迟发性超敏反应）检测结果均证实B组分别优于A组、D组和C组。结论胸腺内注射异基因MHC抗原可诱导大鼠对异体坐骨神经移植的特异性免疫耐受。