后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术对机体免疫功能的影响

目的:研究后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法:60例输尿管切开取石术患者随机分为后腹腔镜组(30例)和传统开放手术组(30例),患者术前、手术开始后2h、术后1d、术后2d、术后8d抽取静脉血8ml,T细胞亚群CD4、CD8应用Elite-ESP型流式细胞仪进行分析检测,血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM水平采用免疫速率散射比浊法检测。结果:本研究提示腹腔镜组CD4、CD8手术后下降程度较小,且恢复较快,术后8d均恢复至术前水平。开放手术组术后CD4、CD8下降程度较大,恢复较慢,术后8d仍较术前和腹腔镜组低(P0.05)。腹腔镜组IgA、IgG、IgM术后各个时间节点较术前均无差异(P0.05)。开放手术组IgM术后各个时间节点较术前均无差异;IgG术后1d开始下降,术后8d仍未恢复;IgA术后下降较迟,术后8d开始低于术前水平(P0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术与开放手术比较,其对机体细胞免疫和体液免疫功能影响较小,体现了微创优势。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石56例临床分析

目的 评价腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效.方法 回顾性对比分析腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术组（n=56）与开腹手术组（n=56）胆总管探查取石术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气恢复时间、术后住院天数、术后疼痛率、并发症发生率等指标.结果 腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术组的手术操作时间与开腹手术组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术中出血量、术后排气恢复时间、术后住院天数、术后疼痛率、切口感染率均明显低于开腹手术组（P＜0.01）;术后并发症发生率两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆总管结石具有安全有效、创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,但应根据病人的具体情况确定行一期缝合或T管引流.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的临床分析

目的评价腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的临床效果。方法对比分析腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术组(n=50)与开腹手术组(n=50)胆总管探查取石术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气恢复时间、术后住院天数、术后疼痛率、并发症发生率等指标。结果腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术组的手术操作时间长于开腹手术组(P0.01);术中出血量、术后排气恢复时间、术后住院天数、术后疼痛率、切口感染率均明显低于开腹手术组(P0.01);术后胆瘘、结石残余率两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石安全可靠,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,值得临床推广。     

两种不同术式对卵巢良性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 92例卵巢良性肿瘤患者按手术方式不同分为腹腔镜手术组49例和开腹手术组43例行卵巢良性肿瘤切除。记录2组手术时间、术中出血量以及术后排气时间,并分别检测术前1 d、术后1 d、术后3 d白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞比率(NGR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、补体CD4、CD8和血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)指标。结果与开腹手术组相比,腹腔镜手术组手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后排气早。开腹手术组术后1 d、3 d WBC计数、NGR、CRP及IL-6均高于术前(P<0.05),腹腔镜手术组术后WBC计数增高不明显(P>0.05),NGR、CRP在术后1 d有增高,幅度低于开腹手术组(P<0.05),术后3 d恢复至术前水平,IL-6在术后1 d、3 d均升高,幅度低于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术前外周血IL-6水平和CD4/CD8水平与开腹手术组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腹腔镜手术组术后1 d和术后3 d外周血IL-6水平和CD4/CD8水平分别与开腹手术组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时腹腔镜组术后3 d外周血IL-6和CD4/CD8水平与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而开腹手术组术后1 d和术后3 d与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术对机体免疫功能影响轻微,损伤小且恢复快。     

腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆道镜胆总管探查取石的可行性、安全性及适应证。方法：对比分析腹腔镜手术组（n=20）与开腹手术组（n=20例）胆总管探查取石术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院天数、术后疼痛、并发症发生率等。结果：腹腔手术组与开腹手术组手术时间分别为（133.65±16.71）min、（89.8±11.02）min,术后止痛剂使用率分别为20%、85%,术后排气时间分别为（31.15±4.98）h、（56.65±13.45）h,住院时间分别为（8.55±2.11）d、（14.95±2.96）d。以上项目两组均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）;并发症发生率分别为10%、25%,无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石术安全可靠,手术创伤小,值得临床推广。     

后腹腔镜与开放性两种输尿管切开取石术的疗效比较

目的:比较后腹腔镜与开放性两种输尿管切开取石术的疗效,并探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术处理要点.方法:回顾性分析18例后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术和32例开放性输尿管切开取石术患者的临床资料,比较两组手术时间、术中失血量和术后住院天数等指标.结果:两组手术时间比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),但后腹腔镜手术组术中失血量及术后住院时间均显著少于开放性手术组(P＜0.01).结论:后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术具有创伤少、患者康复快、疼痛轻等优点,是上尿路结石患者微创治疗的一个可选择的方法.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗酒精性肝硬化合并胆囊结石对比研究

目的:观察开腹与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗酒精性肝硬化合并胆囊结石的治疗效果。方法:将本院肝胆外科诊为酒精性肝硬化合并胆囊结石且需行手术治疗的88例患者纳入此次研究,按照随机数字表法将其分成腹腔镜组与开放手术组,每组各44例。观察各组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间及住院天数进行记录与统计,对比2组患者肝功能(谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及总胆红素)与免疫指标(CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及CD3+)术前与术后的情况及并发症出现情况。结果:开放手术组患者术时出血量显著多于腹腔镜组,手术所行时间、术后排气时间与住院天数均明显长于腹腔镜组,有统计学差异(P 0.05)。2组患者术前肝功能及免疫指标比较无统计学差异(P 0.05);术后腹腔镜组肝功能指标水平低于开放手术组,术后腹腔镜组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及CD3+水平高于开放手术组,而CD8+水平低于开放手术组,有统计学差异(P 0.05)。开放手术组与腹腔镜组并发症的发生率依次为18.18%(8/44)与11.36%(5/44),有统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论:酒精性肝硬化合并胆囊结石患者临床采用腹腔镜手术治疗可显著改善患者术时与术后一般情况和指标,减轻患者的免疫反应以及手术过程对肝功能的影响,且并发症出现情况低,其疗效确切。     

开腹手术和腹腔镜手术治疗老年胆囊及胆总管结石的疗效分析

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开探查取石术和传统开腹胆囊切除+胆总管开探查取石术的临床效果.方法 2009年3月到2012年12月我院52例老年胆总管结石患者分两组,组腹腔镜25例行腹腔镜胆切除+胆总管切开取石术;27例传统开腹胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石术.统计手术时间,术后住院时间,术后发症.结果 腹腔镜组具有住院时间短,术中出血少.结论 腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术完全能达到传统开腹胆道切开取石术的效果,并具有创伤小,痛苦少,恢复快的优点.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术对机体免疫系统影响的比较研究

目的:比较腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术对患者免疫机能的影响。方法:2006年12月至2007年7月收治结直肠癌患者60例,分别行腹腔镜手术和开腹手术各30例,于术前1d和术后第3天、第7天抽取外周静脉血,比较两组患者的C反应蛋白,IgA,IgM,IgG,IL-6,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+细胞和NK细胞,比较术前1d和术后第1天、第3天TNF-α细胞活性。结果:术后第3天患者CD3+,CD4+,CD8+细胞活性及CD4+/CD8+差异无显著性,但术后第7天腹腔镜较开腹组明显低。术后第3天IL-6开腹组明显高于腹腔镜组。C反应蛋白于术后第3天开腹组高于腹腔镜组。IgM于术后第3天开腹组高于腹腔镜组,IgA、IgG无显著统计学意义。TNF-α于术后第3天开腹组高于腹腔镜组。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术较传统开腹手术对机体免疫机能影响较小。     

开放与腔镜肾癌根治术对机体创伤应激反应影响的比较

目的探讨开放手术与后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术对患者白细胞、血清皮质醇、甲状腺素及C反应蛋白（CRP）的影响,比较机体对两种不同手术方式的创伤应激反应。方法选择行后腹腔镜肾癌根治术患者24例和开放手术患者26例,分别于术前、术后1d、3d、6d抽取静脉血测定白细胞数、血清皮质醇、甲状腺素（FT3、FT4）及C反应蛋白CRP含量进行对比研究。结果术后第1天腹腔镜组和开放手术组的白细胞数、血清皮质醇、CRP含量均较术前增加（P〈0．05）,血清FT3、FT4含量较术前降低（P〈0．05）,但后腹腔镜组和开放手术组间对比没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。术后第3天,后腹腔镜组和开放手术组的各项指标均开始缓慢恢复,组间对比有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。术后第6d,后腹腔镜组除白细胞数外的所有指标均恢复术前水平,而开放手术组的各项指标未能恢复术前水平（P〈0．05）。结论开放手术与后腹腔镜肾脏肾癌根治术在术后第1d对机体造成的创伤应激反应没有差异,但后腹腔镜组的机体恢复速度快于开放手术组。     

Comparison of laparoscopic choledochotomy closure techniques

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (CBDE) has traditionally been accompanied by T-tube drainage. However, other methods of choledochotomy closures have been reported. This study compared three laparoscopic methods of choledochotomy closure in a prospective, randomized fashion to determine which method should be the preferred technique. METHODS: In this porcine model, 24 animals initially underwent laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) clipping to simulate an obstruction. Two days later, the animals underwent laparoscopic clip removal and simulated CBDE through a 1.5-cm choledochotomy. The animals were then randomized to one of three groups: primary choledochotomy closure (group I), antegrade CBD stenting with primary closure (group II), or T-tube placement (group III). To assess for CBD stenoses and leaks, the animals were killed 2 months postoperatively, at which time a cholangiogram was performed and the bile duct harvested. The ratio of proximal CBD to choledochotomy site was assessed radiographically and histologically. RESULTS: The operative time was significantly longer in group III (200 +/- 13 min, p < 0.05) than in group I (141 +/- 17 min) and group II (154 +/- 16 min). The ratio of the proximal CBD diameter to the choledochotomy site diameter by cholangiogram was 2.1:1.0 in group I, to 1.2:1.0 in group II, and 1.1:1.0 in group III (p < 0.01). The ratio of the proximal CBD intraluminal area to the choledochotomy site intraluminal area was 2.1:1.0 in group I compared to 1.1:1.0 in groups II and III (p < 0.01). None of the animals developed jaundice or sepsis. CONCLUSION: Significant stenoses were present at the choledochotomy site in the primary closure group, and T-tube placement resulted in prolonged operative times. We conclude that laparoscopic antegrade CBD stenting with primary closure of the choledochotomy site is the preferred technique after choledochotomy in an animal model. Further assessment in a clinical trial is warranted.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术(附30例报告)

目的:研究腹腔镜胆总管切开探查术,以扩大腹腔镜手术的范围。方法:在腹腔镜下行胆总管切开、探查、取石术,部分患者行T形管引流术,部分患者行胆总管Ⅰ期缝合术。结果:30例患者,手术成功29例,中转开腹手术1例,放置T形引流管9例,胆总管Ⅰ期缝合20例。手术平均120min,术后第1天可下床活动和进食,术后第6天出院,带T形管引流的患者术后4～8周拔管,无1例发生胆汁漏、胆道狭窄、胆道出血和残余结石。结论:腹腔镜胆总管探查术具有痛苦小、损伤轻、恢复快、脏器干扰少等腹腔镜手术的优点,又能与开腹手术相同切开胆总管取石,放置T形引流管和胆总管工期缝合,使部分胆管结石患者在不开腹的状态下得到满意治疗。     

腔镜胆总管切开术与内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石的临床分析

目的对腹腔镜胆总管切开术与内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效进行比较和评价。方法回顾性分析2002年7月至2007年7月，20例行腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管探查（LCD组），15例行腹腔镜胆囊切除联合内镜乳头括约肌切开取石术（EST＋LC组）患者的手术及术后情况。结果LCD组近期并发症发生率低于EST＋LC组（20％ vs 5％，P〈0．05），LCD组平均住院日和平均住院费用均明显低于EST＋LC组（P〈0．05），手术成功率两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开术是治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石疗效肯定的微创手术。     

Cost-effective method for laparoscopic choledochotomy

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have noted that postoperative complications following open or laparoscopic choledochotomy for common bile duct (CBD) exploration are mainly related to the T-tube presence, and that there has been no trend of decrease in the laparoscopic era. Laparoscopic endobiliary stent placement with primary closure of the CBD has been proposed as a safe and effective alternative to T-tube placement. METHODS: Between January 1999 and January 2003, 53 consecutive patients suffering from proven choledocholithiasis underwent laparoscopic common bile exploration (LCBDE) via choledochotomy. In the early period, a T-tube was placed at the end of the procedure (group A, n = 32) while, from June 2001 onwards, laparoscopic biliary stent placement and primary CBD closure were chosen as the drainage method (group B, n = 21). RESULTS: Six patients developed T-tube-related complications postoperatively. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant lower morbidity rate and shorter postoperative hospital stay for the stent group. Although not statistically significant, a median saving of 780 UK pounds per patient was observed in the stent group. CONCLUSION: Biliary endoprosthesis placement following laparoscopic choledochotomy avoids the well-known complications of a T-tube, leading to a shorter postoperative hospital stay. The method is safe and effective and it should also be considered as cost-effective compared to T-tube placement. Further studies are required in order to document cost-effectiveness of the method.     

A randomized comparison of primary closure and T-tube drainage of the common bile duct after laparoscopic choledochotomy

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, the common bile duct (CBD) has been closed with T-tube drainage after laparoscopic choledochotomy and removal of CBD stones. However, insertion of the T-tube is related to some potential postoperative complications, and patients must carry the T-tube for several weeks before its removal. Primary closure of the CBD without drainage has been proposed as a safe alternative to T-tube placement after laparoscopic choledochotomy. This randomized study aimed to compare the postoperative course and final outcome between the two methods applied after LCBDE. METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2004, 80 patients treated with laparoscopic choledochotomy for CBD stones were randomly assigned to primary duct closure (n = 40) or T-tube drainage (n = 40). The primary end points were morbidity, operative time, postoperative stay, hospital expenses, and time until return to work. RESULTS: There were no differences in the demographic characteristics or clinical presentations between the two groups. In the primary closure group, the postoperative stay (5.2 +/- 2.2 vs 8.3 +/- 3.6 days) and the time until return to work (12.6 +/- 5.1 vs 20.4 +/- 13.2 days) were significantly shorter, the hospital expenses (8,638 +/- 2,946 vs 12,531 +/- 4,352 yuan) were significantly lower, and the incidences of postoperative complications (15% vs 27.5%) and biliary complications (10% vs 20%) were statistically and insignificantly lower than in the T-tube drainage group. In the primary closure group, six patients experienced postoperative complications, four of whom had biliary complications, compared, respectively, with 11 and 8 patients in the T-tube drainage group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that primary CBC closure after laparoscopic choledochotomy was a viable alternative to mandatory T-tube drainage.     

腹腔镜胆道探查术后胆管一期缝合与T管引流的疗效比较

目的 比较分析腹腔镜胆道探查术后胆管一期缝合与T管引流两种方法治疗胆囊结石继发胆总管结石患者的疗效。方法 依据6项病例筛选标准,将2000年1月至2003年2月55例因胆囊结石继发胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆管切开取石治疗的患者,随机分为胆管一期缝合组和T管引流组,比较观察两组的手术和住院时间、输液量、住院费用、术后恢复情况及手术并发症等。结果 胆管一期缝合组27例患者,T管引流组28例患者,一期缝合组较T管引流组术后住院时间更短,肛门排气和恢复正常工作更快,输液量和住院费用更少。一期缝合组手术并发症3例(11．1％),T管引流组手术并发症8例(28．6％),其中需再次外科手术治疗的严重并发症3例(10．7％),严重并发症均由放置T管造成。两组患者随访结果差异无显著性意义。结论 腹腔镜胆管切开取石术后胆管一期缝合避免了放置T管引起的一系列弊端,体现出微创外科技术的优越性,治疗适合的胆囊结石继发胆总管结石患者是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管探查术21例分析

目的:总结腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石的体会,评估“两镜”联合治疗胆石症的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2002年2月至2006年6月行腹腔镜胆总管切开探查、纤维胆道镜取石、胆道扩张及T管引流术(laparo-scop ic choledochotomy T-tube drainage,LCTD)患者的临床资料。结果:21例中4例术前行ERCP+EST,手术成功20例,手术时间70-180min,平均120min,1例因术中病理示胆囊粘液腺癌,中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术。18例留置T管。患者术后第1天均可下床活动和进食,术后12d行T管造影夹闭T管。术后30-40d(平均34d)拔除T管,2例发生胆漏,其余病例无胆道狭窄、胆道出血和残余结石等手术并发症。1例术后2个月胆管结石复发经T管窦道取石。结论:腹腔镜胆总管探查术具有创伤轻、患者痛苦小、康复快、腹腔脏器干扰少等优点,同时能取得与开腹手术相同的治疗效果,是目前微创治疗胆囊结石并复杂性胆管结石较理想的方法。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜早期介入急性胰腺炎合并胆总管结石的探讨

目的 探讨对急性胰腺炎(AP)合并胆总管结石早期行腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗方式的可行性.方法 分析我院2007年1月至2009年11月收治的102例AP合并胆总管结石患者.研究组43例,均早期(入院72 h内)行腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石T管引流术加术中胆道镜取石术;其中13例还行胰腺被膜切开加腹腔灌洗引流.对照组59例,先均行保守治疗.其中46例在胰腺炎明显好转后,才行腔镜手术;另9例出现重症胆管炎、4例胰周感染时,行急诊开腹手术.结果 两组比较,在胃肠道功能恢复时间、淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间及住院费用比较差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05).结论 对AP合并胆总管结石患者早期实施腹腔镜联合胆道镜干预是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全有效的方法.     

Laparoscopic choledochotomy for bile duct stones

In the era of laparoscopic surgery, treatment strategies for common bile duct stones remain controversial. Laparoscopic choledochotomy is usually indicated only when transcystic duct exploration is not feasible. However, laparoscopic choledochotomy provides complete access to the ductal system and has a higher clearance rate than the transcystic approach. In addition, primary closure of the choledochotomy with a running suture and absorbable clips facilitates the procedure. Therefore, to avoid postoperative biliary stenosis, all patients with bile duct stones can be indicated for choledochotomy, except for those with nondilated common bile duct. Placement of a C-tube also provides access for the clearance of possible retained stones by endoscopic sphincterotomy as a backup procedure. C-tube placement, in contrast to T-tube insertion, is advantageous in terms of a relatively short hospital stay. In conclusion, laparoscopic choledochotomy with C-tube drainage is recommended as the treatment of choice for patients with common bile duct stones. Received: February 27, 2001 / Accepted: March 19, 2001     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜早期介入急性胰腺炎合并胆总管结石的探讨

目的 探讨对急性胰腺炎(AP)合并胆总管结石早期行腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗方式的可行性.方法 分析我院2007年1月至2009年11月收治的102例AP合并胆总管结石患者.研究组43例,均早期(入院72 h内)行腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石T管引流术加术中胆道镜取石术;其中13例还行胰腺被膜切开加腹腔灌洗引流.对照组59例,先均行保守治疗.其中46例在胰腺炎明显好转后,才行腔镜手术;另9例出现重症胆管炎、4例胰周感染时,行急诊开腹手术.结果 两组比较,在胃肠道功能恢复时间、淀粉酶恢复时间、住院时间及住院费用比较差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05).结论 对AP合并胆总管结石患者早期实施腹腔镜联合胆道镜干预是一种创伤小、恢复快、安全有效的方法.