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1.
寰椎测量及其经后弓侧块螺钉固定通道的研究   总被引:121,自引:29,他引:92  
目的:提供国人寰椎的数据,探讨经寰椎后弓侧块(类似椎弓根)螺钉固定的可行性。方法:用游标卡尺对50例干燥寰椎标本进行测量。在实验研究的基础上,对5例寰枢椎不稳患者采用经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钢板内固定,术中用卡尺和量角器测量寰椎后弓进钉点及进钉方向,术后在X光片和CT片上测量经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉通道。结果:测量得出寰椎后弓、侧块、椎动脉沟、后弓进钉点、后弓侧块螺钉通道的轴线长度及进钉方向等参数。临床5例10枚经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉均准确置入寰椎内,无穿破骨皮质或损伤神经血管病例。结论:寰椎具备行经后弓侧块螺钉内固定的条件。  相似文献   

2.
经寰枢椎椎弓根内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
目的探讨经寰枢椎椎弓根钉板内固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎不稳的近期疗效观察。方法12例中Ⅱ型陈旧性齿状突骨折5例,齿状突不连3例,横韧带损伤4例。采用经寰枢椎椎弓根置入螺钉,以连接板将寰枢椎固定螺钉锁定,使寰枢椎得到稳定,在寰枢椎后弓间植入颗粒状骨。结果12例全部得到随访,平均随访10·5个月,均获骨性融合。1例术后出现枕大神经疼痛,经治疗1个月后痊愈。9例脊髓功能明显改善,2例略有改善,1例无变化。结论采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉板固定可以使寰枢椎即刻得到坚强的三维稳定,是一种值得推广应用的手术方法。  相似文献   

3.
[摘要]目的:评估寰椎经后弓侧块螺钉和寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术的临床疗效和应用价值。方法:2006年6月~2011年2月,对66例寰枢椎失稳的患者随机选择一侧寰椎经后弓侧块螺钉固定和一侧经寰椎侧块螺钉固定结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定进行治疗。通过寰椎螺钉置钉操作的手术时间、失血量、术中并发症、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分和术后内固定稳定情况评定疗效。  相似文献   

4.
寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术.即通常所说的经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定技术,与寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术不是等同的概念。有很多文献将其混淆。寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术由Resnick等于2002年首次提出.用于治疗齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎不稳。枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术首先由Leconte于1964年用于枢椎创伤性滑脱的治疗。近年来在寰枢椎后路内固定术中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术发展越来越快,  相似文献   

5.
目的:总结应用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术固定融合治疗寰枢椎不稳的效果,探讨寰枢椎不稳的治疗方法。方法:采用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术对15例寰枢椎不稳的患者进行了固定术,同时行自体髂骨融合。分别应用Vertex 7例,Axis 3例,和cervifix 5例,齿状突陈旧性骨折5例,新鲜Ⅱc型齿状突骨折6例,先天性游离齿状突4例。寰椎侧块螺钉进钉点选择在寰椎后结节中点旁开18mm~20mm,与后弓下缘以上2mm的交点,钉道方向在冠状面垂直,矢状面上螺钉头端向头侧倾斜约5°.枢椎进钉点为枢椎下关节突根部中点,钉道与矢状面夹角约15°,横断面夹角约30°。螺钉直径3.5mm,寰椎侧块螺钉长度28mm~32mm,枢椎椎弓根螺钉长度为22mm~26mm。结果:所有患者均未发生脊髓损伤和椎动脉损伤。随访10~25个月,平均14个月。术前JOA评分5.1~10.9分,平均7.6分。术后JOA评分13.2~16.8分,平均14.8分,改善率87.5%。植骨块全部融合,无内固定断裂、松动。结论:后路寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术稳定性良好,具有三维固定的优点,值得推广。  相似文献   

6.
使用枢椎椎弓根螺钉和枕颈固定板的枕颈融合术   总被引:32,自引:2,他引:30  
Wang C  Yin SM  Yan M  Zhou HT  Dang GT 《中华外科杂志》2004,42(12):707-711
目的观察一种借助于枢椎椎弓根螺钉的枕颈固定装置治疗寰枢关节不稳定的效果。方法从2001年6月至2003年3月用自行设计的一套由椎弓根螺钉和枕颈固定板组成的枕颈固定器,治疗了38例寰枢关节不稳定的患者,其中24例有寰椎枕骨化。沿枢椎椎弓峡部的纵轴安置椎弓根螺钉,将枕颈固定板预弯后固定于枕骨,用螺母锁定固定板与椎弓根钉的过程中,利用固定板的曲度,使寰枢关节充分复位。植骨于枕骨与枢椎后弓间。结果36例获得了随访,平均18个月,均获得了骨性融合。没有神经、血管损伤和断钉、断板的病例。结论使用枢椎椎弓根螺钉和枕颈固定板的枕颈固定器不仅有可靠的、短节段固定作用,而且便于寰枢关节复位。  相似文献   

7.
寰椎椎弓根螺钉置入技术的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目前寰枢椎后路固定常用的技术有Gallie钢丝、Brooks钢丝、Halifix椎板夹、Apofix椎板钩、Magerl经侧块关节螺钉等方法固定。钢丝联合经关节螺钉(Brook+Magerl术)方法固定能提供坚强的固定和较高的融合率,也有助于通过维持脊柱的力线而使脊髓得到间接减压,但经关节螺钉固定有并发椎动脉损伤的可能,而且不管采用哪种置钉技术,均需处理寰枢椎侧块关节后方的椎静脉丛方可显露进钉点。自从谭明生创造性应用寰椎椎弓根螺钉技术以来,该项技术得到了广泛的应用[1]。Tan等[2]在对50具亚洲裔人寰椎标本进行形态学研究后提出,螺钉的进钉点应位于后弓的背侧,而不是从后弓的下方进入寰椎侧块,螺钉经寰椎后弓、峡部至侧块内,Resnick等[3]称之为寰椎的椎弓根螺钉。寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术,即通常所说的经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定技术,与寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术不是等同的概念。近年来在寰枢椎后路内固定术中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术发展越来越快,显示出其他固定方法无可比拟的优越性。国内外关于寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术的应用解剖学研究、生物力学研究及临床应用研究的报道屡见不鲜,现综述如下。  相似文献   

8.
寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块关系的解剖与临床研究   总被引:57,自引:1,他引:56  
目的研究寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块的位置关系,建立以枢椎侧块为解剖标志的寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉定位技术,并通过临床应用评价其可靠性。方法取50套干燥寰枢椎标本,测量寰椎椎弓根和枢椎侧块的内缘、中点(内、外缘中点)、外缘与正中矢状线的垂直距离,计算寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块的内缘间距、中点间距和外缘间距,建立寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉定位技术。临床应用该定位技术进行后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎不稳患者6例,男5例,女1例;平均年龄41岁。其中游离齿突1例,齿突发育不良3例,齿突陈旧性骨折2例。结果寰椎椎弓根的内缘、中点、外缘分别在枢椎侧块的内缘、中点、外缘的内侧(1.37±0.51)mm、(1.60±0.61)mm、(2.15±0.60)mm处。确定寰椎椎弓根螺钉的进钉点为:经枢椎侧块内、外缘的中点作纵垂线,与寰椎后弓上缘交点的正下方3.0mm处。6例患者共放置寰椎椎弓根螺钉12枚,术中无脊髓和椎动脉损伤等并发症,术后X线及CT扫描显示螺钉位置均良好。结论枢椎侧块与寰椎椎弓根间存在较恒定的解剖位置关系,枢椎侧块可作为术中确定寰椎后弓显露范围和判断寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点的解剖学标志,可简化术中繁琐的定位操作。  相似文献   

9.
后路侧块和椎弓根螺钉技术治疗寰枢椎不稳   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王庆  徐荣明  马维虎 《中国骨伤》2007,20(4):253-255
目的:评价寰枢椎后路侧块和椎弓根螺钉徒手置入技术(无须术中影像技术引导)的安全性和可靠性。方法:应用AXIS和VERTEX内固定系统(美国枢法模公司)对17例寰枢椎不稳患者进行后路侧块(椎弓根)螺钉内固定,共置入螺钉68枚。其中男11例,女6例,年龄17~71岁,平均43.5岁。AndersonⅡ型11例(陈旧性骨折4例,新鲜骨折7例),Ⅲ型5例(陈旧性骨折1例,新鲜骨折4例);上颈椎肿瘤1例。AXIS治疗15例,VERTEX治疗2例。结果:术后X线片及CT显示寰枢椎侧块和椎弓根螺钉位置良好,2枚螺钉螺纹轻微穿破寰枢椎侧块(椎弓根)外侧皮质,3枚螺钉螺纹轻微穿破寰椎后弓上侧皮质,但不影响固定强度,也未发现与螺钉相关的神经血管并发症。结论:对寰枢椎X线和CT解剖结构了解的情况下,徒手置入寰枢椎侧块(椎弓根)螺钉行内固定手术是安全可行的。  相似文献   

10.
枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 评价枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定融合治疗寰枢椎脱位的临床可行性.方法 对5例枢椎椎弓根细小的寰枢椎脱位患者,在气管插管全身麻醉下施行了枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定术.枢椎椎板螺钉的进钉点位于棘突两侧椎板交界处,交叉置人对侧椎板内;寰椎椎弓根螺钉的进钉点位于枢椎侧块中线上,距寰椎后弓上缘最少3 mm,内斜10°,上斜5°.螺钉直径3.5 mm,枢椎椎板螺钉长26~32 mm,寰椎椎弓根螺钉长28~32 mm,结合自体髂骨植骨.结果 患者获得随访3~18个月,平均7.5个月.未发生椎动脉、脊髓损伤,术后临床症状得到不同程度的改善,X线、CT复查螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,植骨3个月后均达到满意融合.结论 枢椎椎板螺钉联合寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎脱位效果满意,是又一可供选择的寰枢椎后路固定术式.  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

16.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

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