微波消融同步联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗膈下肝细胞癌

目的 观察微波消融（MWA）同步联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗膈下肝细胞癌（HCC）的效果。方法 回顾性分析119例接受介入治疗的原发性HCC患者,其中57例（63个膈下病灶）接受MWA同步联合TACE治疗（MWA+TACE组）,62例（71个膈下病灶）接受单纯TACE（TACE组）。术后定期随访复查,发现肿瘤残留时酌情行TACE或/和MWA。术后6个月复查腹部增强CT和/或MRI以评价疗效,记录TACE、MWA次数及并发症。结果 术后6个月内,MWA+TACE组接受1、2、3次TACE治疗者分别为29例、25例和3例;接受1、2、3次MWA治疗者分别为46例、10例及1例。TACE组接受1、2、3、4次TACE治疗者分别为8例、27例、25例及2例;组间TACE治疗次数差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。术后6个月,MWA+TACE组客观缓解率（ORR）为82.54%（52/63）、疾病控制率（DCR）为90.48%（57/63）,TACE组分别为45.07%（32/71）、74.65%（53/71）,组间差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MWA+TACE组术后3例发生穿刺部位出血、2例气胸、1例肝脓肿,TACE组2例消化道出血、1例胆汁瘤伴感染,均较轻微,经积极对症处理后好转。随访期间均未见严重并发症及死亡。结论 MWA同步联合TACE治疗膈下HCC安全、有效。     

肝切除与微波消融治疗胰腺导管腺癌术后异时性肝寡转移的疗效比较

背景与目的 针对胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）根治术后发生的异时性肝转移的治疗,目前尚无明确的临床指南共识。因此,本研究比较肝切除术（LR）与微波消融（MWA）治疗PDAC根治术后异时性肝寡转移的疗效,旨在为该类患者的临床管理提供参考依据。方法 回顾性收集四川省眉山市人民医院2014年1月—2021年12月期间收治的74例PDAC根治术后发生异时性肝寡转移患者的临床病理资料,其中37例行LR治疗（LR组）,28例行MWA治疗（MWA组）,9例仅行姑息性化疗（保守治疗组,与前两组作生存获益对比）。基于临床随访资料,比较LR组和MWA组的术后并发症及远期疗效,分析影响PDAC患者远期疗效的危险因素。结果 LR组与MWA组的基线资料差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。LR组与MWA组的中位总生存期（OS）分别为25.0个月（95% CI=21.5~28.5）和23.0个月（95% CI=19.2~26.8）,而保守治疗组的中位OS为11.0个月（95% CI=8.9~13.1）。LR组和MWA组的中位无进展生存期（PFS）分别为17.0个月（95% CI=14.7~19.3）和15.0个月（95% CI=11.7~18.3）。生存曲线比较结果显示,LR组与MWA组的OS率与PFS率差异均无统计学意义（χ²=0.184,P=0.668;χ²=0.488,P=0.485）。两组复发率差异无统计学意义（70.3% vs. 78.6%,χ²=0.569,P=0.451）,LR组术后严重并发症总发生率明显高于MWA组（48.6% vs. 14.3%,χ²=8.405,P=0.004）。LR组住院时间明显长于MWA组（9.0 d vs. 5.0 d,P<0.001）。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示,围术期未行化疗及早期发生肝转移（<1年）是PDAC预后不良的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 LR和MWA两种方式治疗PDAC术后异时性肝转移均能使患者取得生存获益,且远期疗效相似,但MWA术后严重并发症更少,住院时间更短。未联合围术期化疗和早期发生肝转移（<1年）的PDAC患者预后较差。     

对比微波消融、子宫动脉栓塞治疗单发子宫肌壁间肌瘤效果

目的 对比观察微波消融（MWA）与子宫动脉栓塞（UAE）治疗单发子宫肌壁间肌瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析49例单发子宫肌壁间肌瘤患者,27例接受MWA治疗（MWA组）,22例UAE治疗（UAE组）,比较2组治疗效果及预后。结果 2组术后月经过多、痛经、贫血等症状均缓解并逐渐消失。术后均出现发热、腹痛及阴道排液等并发症,经对症处理或未经处理自行恢复。术后随访12个月,术后3、6个月MWA组肌瘤体积及最大径均小于UAE组（P均<0.05）。术后6、12个月MWA组血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）水平均低于UAE组（P均<0.05）,雌二醇（E2）水平高于UAE组（P<0.05）。MWA组复发率为25.93%（7/27）,UAE组为27.27%（6/22）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 MWA和UAE治疗单发子宫肌壁间肌瘤疗效确切、安全可靠,MWA效果优于UAE。     

微波消融与手术切除治疗孤立性T1N0M0期甲状腺乳头状癌

目的 观察微波消融(MWA)与手术切除(SR)治疗孤立性T1N0M0期甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的价值。方法 纳入接受MWA(MWA组,n=364)或SR(SR组,n=364)治疗的728例孤立性T1N0M0期PTC患者,比较组间治疗相关及术后随访资料,对比MWA与SR疗效。结果 MWA组与SR组手术时间分别为23(14,38)min及72(33,180)min,术中失血量为2(1,5)ml及10(8,30)ml,术后住院时间为1(1,3)天及2(1,6)天,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01)。MWA组16例疾病进展,包括局部复发1例、新发PTC 12例及颈部淋巴结转移3例;SR组15例疾病进展,包括新发PTC 11例及颈部淋巴结转移4例;组间疾病进展差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。并发症发生率组间差异无统计学意义(χ²=-3.36,P＞0.99)。至随访期末,MWA组T1期PTC肿瘤缩小率为89.45%~100%,肿瘤消失率为70.60%(257/364);T1a期肿瘤消失率显著高于T1b期PTC(P＜0.05)。结论 MWA治疗孤立性T1N0M0期PTC的安全性及有效性与SR相当。     

比较TACE+微波消融+程序性死亡受体-1与TACE+微波消融治疗原发性肝癌

目的 比较TACE+微波消融（MWA）+程序性死亡受体-1（PD-1）与TACE+MWA治疗原发性肝癌（PHC）的价值。方法 回顾性纳入接受TACE+MWA+PD-1（观察组）或TACE+MWA治疗（对照组）的PHC患者各40例,比较组间基线资料、疗效和并发症。结果 2组患者基线资料差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。观察组与对照组客观缓解率（ORR）分别为90.00%和72.50%,疾病控制率（DCR）分别为97.50%和95.00%;组间差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。观察组与对照组中位总生存期（OS）分别为30.80个月和15.70个月,中位无进展生存期（PFS）分别为23.35个月和6.80个月;观察组OS和PFS均长于对照组（P均<0.05）。组间并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,且均经相关对症治疗后好转。结论 TACE+MWA+PD-1联合治疗PHC效果优于TACE+MWA。     

微波消融治疗原发性肝细胞癌后针道种植转移5例

目的 观察微波消融(MWA)治疗原发性肝细胞癌(pHCC)后针道种植转移(NTTS)影像学表现。方法 纳入1 018例接受MWA治疗的pHCC患者,记录NTTS影像学表现,分析其影响因素。结果 1 018例中,5例(5/1 018,0.49%)分别于MWA治疗后8~75个月发生NTTS,种植部位包括膈肌、胸腹壁、腹腔及大网膜;MRI于5例均见穿刺针道附近混杂信号,动脉期及静脉期呈持续性强化;超声造影(CEUS)显示种植灶于增强早期呈稍高增强、增强晚期呈低增强。MWA治疗过程中是否使用套管穿刺、多针穿刺,以及经肝左叶或肝右叶穿刺对NTTS均无显著影响(P均＞0.05)。对种植灶予外科切除,术后病理结果均为HCC;随访中1例出现心膈角淋巴结转移,其余4例均无瘤生存。结论 MWA治疗pHCC引发NTTS概率较低, 其影像学表现为穿刺针道附近混杂MR信号于动脉期及静脉期增强扫描呈持续性强化,CEUS早期呈稍高增强、晚期呈低增强。     

对比冷冻消融与微波消融治疗兔VX2椎旁肿瘤的有效性及安全性

目的 对比冷冻消融（CA）与微波消融（MWA）治疗兔VX2椎旁肿瘤的有效性及安全性。方法 选取48只新西兰大白兔建立VX2椎旁肿瘤模型并随机分为CA组（n=24）及MWA组（n=24）,比较组间完全消融率、生存率、布里斯托尔兔疼痛量表（BRPS）评分及并发症发生率。结果 CA组完全消融率及治疗后21天生存率分别为91.67%（22/24）及33.33%（8/24）,均高于MWA组［66.67%（16/24）及16.67%（4/24）］（P均＜0.05）。CA组治疗后4 h、1天、4天、7天及14天BRPS评分均低于MWA组（P均＜0.001）;2组上述时间点BRPS评分均低于治疗前（P均＜0.05）。CA组并发症发生率（3/24,12.50%）低于MWA组（8/24,33.33%）（P＜0.05）。结论 CA治疗兔VX2椎旁肿瘤的安全性及有效性均优于MWA。     

对比腔内微波消融与大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术治疗下肢静脉曲张效果

目的 对比分析腔内微波消融（EMA）与大隐静脉高位结扎及剥脱术（简称传统剥脱术）治疗下肢静脉曲张的效果。方法 回顾性分析94例单侧下肢静脉曲张患者,其中45例接受超声引导下EMA治疗（EMA组）、49例接受传统剥脱术（传统组）;记录并比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口数量、住院时间及术后并发症,并于术后6及12个月行临床严重程度评分（VCSS）和阿伯丁静脉曲张问卷（AVVQ）评分以评估疗效。结果 94例均治疗成功。EMA组手术时间及住院时间较传统组短,术中失血量及切口数量均少于传统组（P均<0.05）。组间术后并发症皮下淤血、皮下血肿及皮肤灼伤发生率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,局部感觉异常及切口感染发生率差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术前及术后组间VCSS、AVVQ评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后6及12个月,2组VCSS及AVVQ评分均较术前降低（P均<0.05）。结论 EMA与传统剥脱术治疗下肢静脉曲张效果相当,前者安全性更高。     

三维重建辅助腹腔镜超声引导激光消融在肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床应用

背景与目的 激光消融（LA）提高了肝肿瘤消融的精度，从而降低了并发症的可能性，已成为肝脏恶性肿瘤重要的临床治疗方法之一。然而，目前关于应用三维（3D）重建辅助腹腔镜超声技术引导LA治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的相关报道较少。因此，本研究探讨3D重建辅助腹腔镜超声引导下LA治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床效果与应用价值。方法 回顾性收集2020年9月—2022年3月行3D重建辅助腹腔镜超声引导下LA治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料，分析手术完成情况、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生情况、手术前后肝功能指标与肿瘤标志物变化，术后随访期间肿瘤总缓解率（ORR）和复发率。结果 共纳入35例符合纳入标准的患者，其中原发性肝癌25例、结直肠癌肝转移6例、胰腺癌肝转移2例、肺癌肝转移2例。所有患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间为（66.3±2.8）min，术中出血量为（15.9±12.4）mL。3例患者术后出现轻微并发症，包括1例胸腔积液和2例术后发热，未发生围术期严重并发症或死亡。患者术后出现转氨酶与总胆红素升高的情况，经常规保肝治疗后，术后1个月均恢复至术前水平。25例原发性肝癌患者术后3个月AFP较术前明显降低（8.2 ng/mL vs. 5.3 ng/mL，Z=-3.269，P=0.001）。所有患者在术后3个月复查增强CT，显示肿瘤ORR为100%。术后6个月再次复查增强CT，治疗的53个癌灶中2个出现局部复发，局部复发率为3.8%（2/53），再次接受LA。结论 有选择性利用3D重建辅助腹腔镜超声引导的LA治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤，具有治疗精准，侵袭性小，疗效满意的优点。尤其，对于肝脏难以定位的较小病灶、靠近重要结构的以及其他复杂情况，选择该治疗方法有利于患者。     

主动脉腔内修复术治疗腹主动脉瘤或夹层合并腹部恶性肿瘤

目的 观察主动脉腔内修复术（EVAR）治疗腹主动脉瘤（AAA）或腹主动脉夹层（AAD）合并腹部恶性肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析17例接受EVAR治疗的AAA（n=14）/AAD（n=3）合并腹部恶性肿瘤患者,其中12例于EVAR后接受腹腔镜肿瘤切除术、1例接受开腹肿瘤切除术,4例因心肺功能欠佳仅接受药物治疗;观察EVAR治疗效果。结果 EVAR成功率为100%,术中无严重不良反应及并发症;术后1个月CTA显示支架位置良好、通畅。术后随访1~28个月,期间均未见明显并发症,亦未见AAA/AAD相关死亡病例。结论 EVAR治疗AAA/AAD合并腹部恶性肿瘤效果较佳。     

三种不同肝血流阻断法在肝脏手术中的应用

本文采用第一肝门阻断，常温下全肝血流阻断以及氏温灌注下全肝血流阻断等三种不同的肝血流阻断技术，以处理累及肝脏不同部位的肝肿瘤及肝外伤，作者描述了三种肝血流阻断技术的方法，各个方法应用的指征，并对肝脏缺血耐受的时限以及肝血流阻断技术在肝硬化病人中的应用等问题进行了讨论。     

Transplantation of a severely lacerated liver – a case report with review of the literature

Abstract:  Using lacerated livers for liver transplantation (LTx) can add an option to the extended donor criteria. We present an LTx case using a severely lacerated liver and review of the literature for reported cases. We used a high-grade lacerated liver from a 19-yr-old brain-dead patient caused by traffic accident. The liver had grade IV and II lacerations in the right and left lobe, respectively. Lacerations were managed by sealants, stitching and perihepatic packing. The liver was transplanted to a 49-yr-old man suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma on hepatitis C-induced liver cirrhosis. The two-yr follow-up was uneventful. All published LTx cases using traumatized livers (n = 18) were analyzed. The liver injury ranged from subcapsular hematoma to deep ruptures. Most reported lacerations were in the right lobe, which were managed by digital compression, suturing, electrocautery, and perihepatic packing. The reported complications were primary non- (18%), or poor function, liver abscess, bilioma, and subhepatic hematoma each in one case (5.5%). Six-month graft and patient survival were 71% and 88%, respectively. With meticulous management lacerated livers can be transplanted successfully. Because of complexity of the management, procurement and transplantation should be done by experienced liver surgeons. These organs are marginal grafts and should be offered to selected patients.     

Resolution of hypophosphatemia is associated with recovery of hepatic function in children with fulminant hepatic failure

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a rare but often fatal disease in children. Clinical and laboratory predictors of liver regeneration and recovery, however, have not been well established. We hypothesized that hypophosphatemia may indicate recovery of liver synthetic function in children with FHF. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with FHF who were admitted to UCLA and recovered hepatic function either spontaneously or by liver transplantation (LTx). Serum phosphate (Ph) and prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) were compared over the patient's clinical course. Records of 39 children who spontaneously recovered experienced profound hypophosphatemia that resolved as liver synthetic function improved. Similar patterns were seen in the 84 children who recovered after LTx. We found that hypophosphatemia precedes the recovery of liver synthetic function in children with FHF who recovered with or without transplantation, and that Ph levels return to normal as liver synthetic function improves. These data suggest that hypophosphatemia may be a useful laboratory indicator of recovering liver function in children with FHF.     

原发性肝癌肝动脉和门静脉血液动力学变化的临床研究

应用彩色多普勒血流声像仪对４０例原发性肝癌病人的肝固有动脉和门静脉血流进行宣测定，并与１６例肝硬变病人和２０例正常人对比。结果发现：原发性肝癌病人肝固有动脉的血流速度、血流量显著高于正常人和肝硬变病人；门静脉血流量，与肝硬变病人相似，明显高于正常人，但门静脉血流速度低于正常人；肝固有动脉与门静脉供血比例高达１：１．４９，大于正常人和肝硬化病人。     

Highly symptomatic adult polycystic liver disease: options and results of surgical management

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients afflicted with adult polycystic liver disease (APLD) are asymptomatic. For those who are symptomatic, there are a variety of treatment procedures that have been proposed but these lack verification through long-term studies with respect to safety and long-term effectiveness. Choice of surgical procedure is related to the severity of APLD and morphology of the cysts within the liver. The aim of the present study was to analyse the immediate and long-term results of fenestration and combined resection-fenestration at Singapore General Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical, operative, imaging and follow-up data was carried out for 12 patients (10 women and two men) with symptomatic APLD who underwent surgery from January 1992 to December 2000. The primary outcome measures assessed were postoperative alleviation of symptoms, performance status, complications, mortality and long-term recurrence of symptoms. RESULTS: Nine patients underwent 12 fenestration procedures and three patients had combined resection-fenestration. Fenestration was carried out for eight of nine patients with a dominant cyst morphology and combination resection-fenestration was carried out for those three patients with diffuse cyst morphology. There was no operative mortality and all patients were discharged from hospital free of their preoperative symptoms. Overall morbidity rate was 58%. The mean follow up for the present cohort was 29.3 months. Only two patients had recurrence of symptoms. One patient with dominant cyst morphology who underwent laparoscopic fenestration had recurrence at 26 and 43 months but this was successfully treated finally with open fenestration. The other patient had diffuse cyst morphology and was treated with fenestration for recurrent cyst infection that recurred 1 month postoperatively. This required subsequent intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage for resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Treatment for symptomatic APLD should be based on the morphology of the liver cysts. Fenestration is a safe and acceptable procedure for patients with a dominant cyst pattern where liver size can be reduced after the cysts collapse. A combination of resection-fenestration is suitable for those with a diffuse cyst pattern where grossly affected segments are resected in combination with fenestration to allow for reduction in liver size.     

原位肝移植治疗终末期肝病9例初步报告

１９９３年９月至１９９６年７月分别为９例终末期肝病病人施行了原位肝移植术。其中４例为原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤，５例为良性终末期肝病。移植术式除１例背肽式肝移植和１例减体积肝移植外，其余７例均为原位全肝移植，并为１例多囊肝，多囊肾，合并肝，肾功能损害闰人施行了肝，肾联合移植术。     

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肝切除术是目前治疗各种肝脏良、恶性肿瘤的主要方法。传统的断肝方法如指捏法和钳夹法虽然应用广泛,但由于其显露肝内管系结构较差,控制肝创面出血欠佳,易导致术后出血、胆漏、膈下感染等并发症。随着科技的进步,新的手术器械如高频电刀、超声刀、血管结扎闭合系统、超声吸引刀、水媒射频切割闭合器、水喷刀等都已经在临床中应用,使得肝癌的总切除率可达40%,而手术死亡率在5%以内。但目前应用于临床中的断肝技术各有优势,亦各有不足,仍需根据手术医师的经验、设备条件和对术中精细解剖的要求来进行选择。     

Liver abscess of hydatid origin: clinical features and results of aggressive treatment

Background : Cyst infection and subsequent liver abscess formation are complications of liver echinococcosis. Traditionally, this condition has been treated by simple drainage, a procedure associated with unsatisfactory postoperative evolution. Methods : The present paper examines a series of cases involving infected liver echinococcal cysts. Surgery was performed at the Temuco Regional Hospital after assessment was made of general and liver laboratory parameters, chest X‐ray and abdominal ultrasound were performed and antibiotic treatment was administered. The procedure consisted of surgical drainage, parasite material extirpation and pericystic membrane resection with surrounding healthy liver parenchyma. The morbidity and mortality rate, hospital stay and evidence of recurrent hydatid disease were evaluated. Results : Forty‐nine patients (21 male and 28 female), with a median age of 45 years (range 16–84 years), with infected cysts measuring 14 cm in ultrasonographical diameter (range 5–30 cm) were operated on. In the majority of cases, liver abscesses were located in the right lobe (37 patients, 75.4%) and the most frequent computed tomography scan pattern was heterogeneous (40 patients, 81.6%). The median hospital stay was 5 days, the median follow‐up period was 32 months (range 2–91 months) and perioperative morbidity was 24.4%. Surgical complications were verified in five patients (10.2%) and medical complications occurred in seven cases (14.3%). No recurrence of hydatid disease was observed. Mortality was 2% (one patient). Conclusions : Good results were obtained when hydatid liver abscesses were treated aggressively.     

外科治疗转移性肝癌值得关注的若干问题

转移性肝癌在当今已不再被认为是毫无治疗希望的晚期癌症,其中部分病人可行肝切除术或辅助性综合治疗并能获得满意的治疗效果及5年存活率。为此,需要医生改变观念并与病人沟通为之共同努力,需要多学科合作采取最佳方案及组合。无论何种办法,如能手术切除才是最佳选择,选择手术时要权衡手术的安全性及有效性,否则会事与愿违。