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1.
目的 分析微创化技术对肝切除患者围手术期的影响.方法 收集南京医科大学第一附属医院肝移植中心单个手术小组于2003年8月至2008年8月间所开展的338例肝切除手术患者的临床资料,分析应用微创化技术对患者术中出血量、并发症发生率、围手术期病死率的影响.结果 338例肝切除术的病例中,255例(75.4%)患者进行解剖性肝叶或肝段的精准肝切除术.手术平均时间150 min(45~650 min);术中出血量300 ml(100~4600 m1),211例(62.4%)术中未输血.围手术期总并发症发生率为18.1%,病死率为0.6%.多因素Logistic回归分析表明,围手术期输血和低血小板血症足肝切除围手术期并发症发生的独立预后因子.结论 体现微创化技术的精准肝切除术可使患者获得较好的临床结果 ,并发症发生率和病死率处于较低的水平.减少术中出血是获得围手术期良好临床结果 的重要因素.  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨应用结肠移植食管重建术治疗胃大部切除术后中段以上食管癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析1999年至2006年期间,胃大部切除术后患中段以上食管癌并接受结肠移植食管重建术治疗的18例患者病历资料。结果18例接受结肠移植食管重建术治疗患者均获手术成功。术后1例并发声音嘶哑,2例并发颈部吻合121瘘,3例并发肺部感染,总并发症发生率为33.3%(6/18),除1例术后肺内重症感染患者因呼吸衰竭围手术期死亡外,其余5例出现术后并发症患者均治愈。结论胃大部切除术后中段以上食管癌采用结肠移植食管重建术治疗是可行、安全的。为减少术后并发症应加强围手术期的处理和精细手术操作。  相似文献   

3.
影响胰十二指肠切除术疗效的因素分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目的探讨影响胰十二指肠切除术疗效的危险因素。方法对 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 0年11月行胰十二指肠切除术的 116例壶腹周围癌患者的 10项临床观察指标进行分析。结果本组术后并发症发生率为 35 3% ,病死率为 7 7%。术前有低蛋白血症 (血清白蛋白 <3 0g/L)、高血糖 (血糖 >10mmol/L) ,手术时间超过 6h者 ,术后并发症及病死率均明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。围手术期的APACHEⅡ和POSSUM评分与术后并发症和病死率呈正相关。结论胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围癌风险大 ,并发症多且病死率高。必须加强围手术期处理 ,手术人员应专业化。  相似文献   

4.
传统的开胸食管切除术术后往往伴随着很高的病死率和并发症发生率.大量报道已经证实微创食管切除术术后并发症的发生率明显减低并取得了与传统食管切除术相当的存活率,它将是食管外科的必然发展趋势.本文将就微创食管切除术的最新进展作一综述.  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨对胰十二指肠切除术患者实施围手术期护理的临床效果。方法选取40例胰十二指肠切除术的患者,在围手术期全部予以术前心理护理、营养支持、准备事项和术后并发症护理等护理措施。结果本组40例患者术后有5例出现并发症,发生率为12.5%,其中包括:腹腔内出血2例,腹腔感染1例,应激性溃疡1例和胰瘘1例。5例患者出现并发症的患者均于围手术期进行对症处理后痊愈出院。结论全面加强胰十二指肠切除术的围手术期护理,可有利于调整患者术前心态、促进手术的顺利进行,同时有效降低术后并发症的发生率,有利于患者预后。  相似文献   

6.
胰十二指肠切除术后出血的防治及PMOD的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近二十年由于手术技术及围手术期处理的改善,胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy, PD)的手术死亡率已明显下降,但术后并发症发生率仍很高[1,2].PD术后出血的发生率较高,约2%~8%,病死率在30%~58%[3].由于病人多存在严重梗阻性黄疽、凝血机制障碍、手术创面广泛渗血,以及胰断端止血不彻底或术中分离血管方法不当,导致术中术后大出血.本文结合作者的经验对如何防治胰十二指肠切除术术中、术后出血进行探讨.  相似文献   

7.
肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石20年的演变   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 分析肝内胆管结石肝切除术的治疗效果及相关因素.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院1986至2005年245例连续性肝内胆管结石肝切除术病例的临床资料.结果 20年间肝内胆管结石肝切除术病例数占同期所有肝切除术治疗良性肝胆疾病病例数的29.6%(245/827),其中男性88例,女性157例,平均年龄(46.9±11.3)岁.肝切除术的范围,与1963至1985年相比,涉及右肝切除和肝段切除者明显增多.术中输血者占45.3%,术后并发症发生率16.3%,其中感染性并发症3.3%,胆漏2.4%,术后平均住院时间(15.7±9.2)d,围手术期病死率0.4%(1/245).结论 个体化的肝切除术是肝内胆管结石外科治疗上的重要手段.在重视优化围手术期处理和创新手术技术的前提下,能够使肝内胆管结石肝切除术保持低并发症发生率和低病死率.  相似文献   

8.
重视老年普通外科病人围手术期处理   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
人口老龄化是当今世界的趋势.目前,手术病人高龄现象十分明显,老年病人具有特殊的生理和临床特点,器官储备功能下降,且常合并心肺疾病、糖尿病等老年人相关疾病,手术耐受性差、风险大,术后并发症发生率和病死率高,导致了老年普通外科病人手术治疗措施的复杂化.因此,如何准确评估老年病人手术风险,妥善进行围手术期处理,降低围手术期并发症的发生率和病死率是每个外科医生必须重视的问题.  相似文献   

9.
吴国豪  庄秋林 《腹部外科》2011,24(4):198-200
随着人口老龄化及疾病谱变化,手术病人中伴心血管疾病的现象十分普遍,这增加了手术风险,使得术后并发症发生率和病死率升高,导致了外科病人手术治疗措施的复杂化。因此,如何准确评估此类病人手术风险,妥善进行围手术期处理,降低围手术期并发症发生率和病死率是每个外科医生必须重视的问题。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术围手术期管理中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2019年1月收治的168例行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的患者,采用随机数字法分为ERAS组与对照组,ERAS组围手术期采取ERAS措施,对照组采取常规围手术期处理。对比分析两组术后恢复情况、术后并发症发生情况、术后住院时间、住院费用、再次手术率及病死率。结果:ERAS组首次肛门排气时间、进食时间、胃管留置时间、腹腔引流管与尿管拔除时间、疼痛、住院费用、身体质量指数优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术后总体并发症发生率、胰瘘与腹腔出血情况、再手术、再入院、病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术围手术期应用ERAS措施可促进患者术后快速康复,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,安全性高。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is associated with substantial postoperative morbidity as a result of infectious complications. In a prior phase II study, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was shown to improve leukocyte function and to reduce infection rates after esophagectomy. The aim of the current randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial was to investigate the clinical efficacy of perioperative G-CSF administration in reducing infection and mortality after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty five patients with resectable esophageal cancer were randomly assigned to perioperative G-CSF at standard doses (77 patients) or placebo (76 patients), administered from 2 days before until day 7 after esophagectomy. The G-CSF and placebo groups were comparable as regards age, gender, risk, cancer stage, frequency of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, and type of esophagectomy (transthoracic or transhiatal esophageal resection). RESULTS: Of 155 randomized patients, 153 were eligible for the intention-to-treat analysis. The rate of infection occurring within the first 10 days after esophagectomy was 43.4% (confidence interval 32.8-55.9%) in the placebo and 44.2% (confidence interval 32.1-55.3%) in the G-CSF group (P = 0.927). 30-day mortality amounted to 5.2% in the G-CSF group versus 5.3% in the placebo group (P = 0.985). Similar results were found in the per-protocol analysis. CONCLUSION: Perioperative administration of G-CSF failed to reduce postoperative morbidity, infection rate, or mortality in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy.  相似文献   

12.
R T Poon  S Y Law  K M Chu  F J Branicki    J Wong 《Annals of surgery》1998,227(3):357-364
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the risk of esophagectomy in the elderly compared with younger patients and to determine whether results of esophagectomy in the elderly have improved in recent years. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: An increased life expectancy has led to more elderly patients presenting with carcinoma of the esophagus in recent years. Esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and advanced age is often considered a relative contraindication to esophagectomy despite advances in modern surgical practice. METHODS: The perioperative outcome and long-term survival of 167 elderly patients (70 years or more) with esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus were compared with findings in 570 younger patients with esophagectomy in the period 1982 to 1996. Changes in perioperative outcome and survival between 1982 to 1989 and 1990 to 1996 were separately analyzed. RESULTS: The resection rate in the elderly was 48% (167/345), lower than the 65% (570/874) resection rate in younger patients (p < 0.001). There were significantly more preoperative risk factors and postoperative medical complications in the elderly, but no significant differences were observed in surgical complications. The 30-day mortality rate was higher in the elderly (7.2%) than in younger patients (3.0%) (p = 0.02), but the hospital mortality rate was not significantly different in the elderly (18.0%) and younger age groups (14.4%) (p = 0.27). The long-term survival after curative resection in elderly patients was worse than younger patients (p = 0.01). However, when deaths from unrelated medical conditions were excluded from analysis, survival was similar between the two age groups (p = 0.23). A comparison of data for the periods 1982 to 1989 and 1990 to 1996 revealed that the resection rate had increased from 44% to 54% in the elderly, with significantly fewer postoperative complications and lower 30-day and hospital mortality rates. Long-term survival has also improved, although this has not reached a statistically significant level. CONCLUSIONS: With current surgical management, esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus can be carried out with acceptable risk in the elderly, but intensive perioperative support is required. The improved results of esophagectomy in the elderly in recent years are attributed to increased experience and better perioperative management. Long-term survival was similar to that of younger patients, excluding deaths caused by unrelated medical conditions.  相似文献   

13.
Anastomotic complications after esophagectomy   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Anastomotic complications after esophagectomy continue to be a burden jeopardizing the quality of life and of swallowing. However, incidence, mortality and morbidity of anastomotic complications have substantially decreased in recent years. It seems that this is not so much related to the use of a particular conduit, approach or route for reconstruction, but rather related to refinement in anastomotic techniques and perhaps even more to progress in modern perioperative management. Knowledge of surgical anatomy and meticulous technique are of paramount importance and obviously related to individual expertise. As to the management, most leaks can be treated by conservative measures and reintervention surgery today is rather exceptional. Early endoscopy and dilatation seem to decrease the incidence and severity of anastomotic stenosis.  相似文献   

14.
A decade of experience with transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality remain significant for transthoracic (TT) and transhiatal (TH) esophagectomy. We report a case-specific approach employing either resection to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS: All primary esophageal resections performed for benign and malignant esophageal disease were reviewed over a 10-year period. The operative approach was tailored to the location and extent of disease and the physiologic reserve of the patient. RESULTS: In all, 115 patients underwent esophagectomy for benign (25) and malignant (90) disease. Fifty-six TT and 59 TH resections were performed. Four emergent TT cases did not have reconstruction. There was 1 hospital mortality. Perioperative transfusion was avoided in 65 patients. Respiratory complications occurred in 15. Three patients had a cervical anastomotic leak requiring open wound drainage. No association between resection type and complication was evident. CONCLUSIONS: The judicious use of both TT and TH esophagectomy resulted in an operative mortality of less than 1%, reduced operative blood loss, and a relatively low rate of perioperative complications.  相似文献   

15.
This study was designed to determine the optimum treatment for a superficial esophageal cancer involving the mucosal or submucosal layer of the esophagus. The subjects were 150 patients with a superficial esophageal cancer who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or esophagectomy in Kurume University Hospital from 1981 to 1997. The mortality and morbidity rates, survival rate, and recurrence rate were retrospectively compared for (1) 35 patients who underwent EMR and 37 patients who underwent esophagectomy for a mucosal esophageal cancer and (2) 45 patients who underwent extended radical esophagectomy and 33 patients who underwent less radical esophagectomy for a submucosal esophageal cancer. Among the 72 patients with a mucosal cancer, lymph node metastasis/recurrence was observed in only one (1%); whereas of 78 patients with a submucosal cancer it was observed in 30 (38%). Among patients with a mucosal cancer the mortality and morbidity rates after EMR were lower than for those after esophagectomy. The survival rate after EMR was the same as that after esophagectomy. No recurrence was observed after either treatment modality. Among the patients with a submucosal cancer, the survival rate was higher and the recurrence rate lower after extended radical esophagectomy; than after less radical esophagectomy; the mortality and morbidity rates after extended radical esophagectomy were the same as those after less radical esophagectomy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the treatment modality (EMR versus esophagectomy) did not influence the survival of patients with a mucosal esophageal cancer, whereas it strongly influenced the survival of patients with a submucosal esophageal cancer. We concluded that EMR was the mainstay of treatment for a mucosal esophageal cancer, and extended radical esophagectomy was the mainstay of treatment for a submucosal esophageal cancer.  相似文献   

16.
Esophagectomy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. In an attempt to improve these results, many groups have started applying minimally invasive techniques to esophagectomy for benign and malignant disease. A variety of minimally invasive approaches have been developed. At the Thomas Jefferson University, we have offered minimally invasive three-hole esophagectomy with extracorporeal gastric conduit creation since 2008. Herein we report our technique for the abdominal and cervical components of the procedure and briefly discuss the current literature and our short-term perioperative outcomes.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: Debate continues as to whether transhiatal esophagectomy results in lower morbidity and mortality than transthoracic esophagectomy. Most data addressing this issue are derived from single-institution studies. To investigate this question from a nationwide multicenter perspective, we used the Veterans Administration National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to prospectively analyze risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy or transhiatal esophagectomy from 1991 to 2000. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on 945 patients (mean age, 63 +/- 10 years). There were 562 transthoracic esophagectomies and 383 transhiatal esophagectomies in 105 hospitals, with complete 30-day outcomes recorded. RESULTS: There were no differences in recorded preoperative variables between the groups that might bias any comparisons. Overall mortality was 10.0% (56/562) for transthoracic esophagectomy and 9.9% (38/383) for transhiatal esophagectomy (P =.983). Morbidity occurred in 47% (266/562) of patients after transthoracic esophagectomy and in 49% (188/383) of patients after transhiatal esophagectomy (P =.596). Risk factors for mortality common to both groups included a serum albumin value of less than 3.5 g/dL, age greater than 65 years, and blood transfusion of greater than 4 units (P <.05). When comparing transthoracic esophagectomy with transhiatal esophagectomy, there was no difference in the incidence of respiratory failure, renal failure, bleeding, infection, sepsis, anastomotic complications, or mediastinitis. Wound dehiscence occurred in 5% (18/383) of patients undergoing transhiatal esophagectomy and only 2% (12/562) of patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy (P =.036). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate no significant differences in preoperative variables and postoperative mortality or morbidity between transthoracic esophagectomy and transhiatal esophagectomy on the basis of a 10-year, prospective, multi-institutional, nationwide study.  相似文献   

18.
One hundred one consecutive patients underwent an esophagectomy with gastric interposition for benign and malignant processes from January 1982 through July 1990. Seventy-seven underwent transhiatal esophagectomy and 24, transthoracic esophagectomy. Multivariate analysis was performed comparing the hospitalization experience of the two groups. There was no significant difference found between the mean intraoperative blood loss for transhiatal esophagectomy (770 +/- 105 mL) and that of transthoracic esophagectomy (700 +/- 175 mL). There was a significant difference between operative time, with transhiatal esophagectomy averaging 5.4 hours and transthoracic esophagectomy averaging 7.3 hours. Postoperative stay was not significantly different although there was a wide range of values for the transthoracic esophagectomy group. An 8% operative mortality was experienced by both groups. There were a significant number of minor anastomotic leaks at the cervical anastomotic level for the transhiatal esophagectomy group, but all responded to nonoperative management. The highest morbidity and mortality were seen in the subgroup of transhiatal esophagectomies done for laryngocervical malignancies. The lowest morbidity and mortality were seen in the subgroup of 12 patients who underwent transhiatal esophagectomy for nonmalignant esophageal conditions. Transhiatal esophagectomy appears to be a safe alternative for early intrathoracic esophageal malignancies at any level, for bulky distal esophageal lesions, and for benign conditions requiring total esophagectomy.  相似文献   

19.

Background

Resections for esophageal cancer are invasive, with high mortality and morbidity rates. The object of this study was to clarify the factors associated with in-hospital death while also evaluating any associated historical changes in the characteristics of such deaths.

Methods

The factors associated with mortality were examined by logistic regression analysis in 1106 patients who underwent an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. The historical changes in the characteristics of in-hospital deaths were also evaluated.

Results

A multivariate analysis revealed that not only undergoing an esophagectomy before 1979, but also a patient’s age (odds ratio 1.070 for every increase in age by year) and an incomplete resection (odds ratio 2.265) were independent factors associated with in-hospital death. The in-hospital mortality rates were 16.1%, 5.8%, 2.5%, and 3.1%, while the 30-day mortality rates were 9.2%, 2.2%, 0.8%, and 0.3% during 1964–1979, the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s, respectively. Eight patients had preoperative comorbidities among 11 patients who died in the hospital after 1997. The mortality rate was 5.5% in patients with any comorbidities, while it was 1.3% in patients without any comorbidities (P = 0.026). The most common direct cause of in-hospital death was previous pulmonary complications; however, cancer progression has recently become the most common cause.

Conclusions

To prevent in-hospital mortality after an esophagectomy, strict indications for surgery and careful perioperative management are important, especially in high-risk patients with advanced esophageal cancer.  相似文献   

20.
The current management of esophageal cancer is controversial. Parenteral nutrition in selected patients resulted in lower complication and death rates than in untreated patients. With respect to surgical management, esophagectomy without thoracotomy has given survival rates similar to more radical operations. The pattern of recurrence as well as morbidity and mortality necessitate a well-planned assessment in order to compare it with esophagectomy using a standard approach. An esophageal anastomosis in the neck seems to be at a higher risk for fistula formation than reconstruction in the chest. An instrument-made anastomosis results in fewer fistulas but a higher stricture rate than hand-made anastomosis. A large proportion of patients with esophageal cancer will receive only palliative benefit because of nonresectability; esophageal bypass offers a good quality of survival but is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Palliative intubation seems to offer the quickest and simplest method of restoring reasonable swallowing.  相似文献   

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