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1.
青壮年股骨颈骨折多为高能量暴力所致,骨折不愈合率及股骨头缺血坏死率均高于老年股骨颈骨折,同时人工关节置换术效果不佳[1].自2000年2月至2004年12月应用髋关节前路切开复位、空心钉内固定治疗Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折32例,疗效满意.  相似文献   

2.
股骨颈骨折及其治疗方法是个老而新的话题,主要集中发生在老年或骨质疏松人群,青壮年人群相对少见。Pauwels分型系统对青壮年股骨颈骨折治疗和预后更具指导意义。青壮年股骨颈骨折术后骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血坏死发生率很高,且青壮年患者术后对功能要求更高,治疗方法与老年患者有较大差异。青壮年股骨颈骨折患者需高质量解剖复位,推荐使用滑动钉板内固定系统固定骨折;一期行人工关节置换的中长期随访效果令人鼓舞;肌蒂、血管蒂骨瓣移植可能是治疗骨不连或股骨头缺血坏死的有效补救措施。对于关节囊切开减压、手术治疗时机把握和人工关节置换术价值,目前尚有争议。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨应用人工股骨头置换术治疗老年高龄移位型股骨颈骨折。方法55例高龄股骨颈骨折患者(为GardenⅢ及Ⅳ)采用髋关节前外侧入路。选用骨水泥型双极人工股骨头,术后配合功能锻炼,应用抗骨质疏松药物。结果术后随访时间8~25个月,平均11.5个月,按Harris评分标准:优15例,良25例,可9例,差6例,优良率为72%,无脱位及翻修。结论人工股骨头置换术是治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可提高老年人的生活质量,减少并发症,优于内固定术。  相似文献   

4.
目的分析空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折预后与Pauwels分型及Garden分型之间的关系。方法回顾性研究经空心螺钉内固定治疗的新鲜股骨颈骨折162例,分析内固定失败、骨不愈合、股骨头坏死等并发症与患者年龄、性别、Pauwels分型及Garden分型之间的相关性。结果内固定失败23例,骨不愈合11例,股骨头坏死21例,内固定失败、骨不愈合和股骨头坏死发生与患者年龄、性别无相关性,与Pauwels分型及Garden分型均有明显的相关性。随着Pauwels角度的增大及骨折移位程度的增加,内固定失败、骨不愈合及股骨头坏死发生率明显增加。结论空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折并发症发生率较高,并发症发生与股骨颈骨折Pauwels分型及Garden分型结果密切相关。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨老年GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折移位程度的差异,分析其亚分型依据及分型的临床意义。方法:对2005年9月至2010年9月采用闭合复位空心钉内固定术治疗的492例老年股骨颈GardenⅢ型骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,以正位Garden指数判别骨折移位程度,分为:A型,Garden指数≥140°,137例,男53例,女84例,平均(65.3±7.2)岁;B型,120°Garden指数140°,251例,男79例,女172例,平均(67.5±3.6)岁;C型,Garden指数≤120°,104例,男38例,女66例,平均(68.6±5.7)岁。对患者并发症、骨折愈合、转归、髋关节功能等情况随访,比较3个亚型患者骨折愈合及股骨头坏死情况。结果:术后刀口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染等并发症发生。患者均获随访,时间2~10年,平均6.3年。432例骨折愈合,愈合率87.8%,83例股骨头坏死,坏死率16.9%。A型不愈合率6.6%,与B型13.5%,C型16.3%,3型间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2AB=4.377,P=0.036;χ2AC=5.872,P=0.015;χ2BC=0.469,PBC=0.494);A型股骨头坏死率8.8%,B型16.7%,C型27.9%,3型间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2AB=4.704 P=0.03;χ2AC=15.317,P=0.00;χ2BC=5.715,P=0.17)。结论:老年GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折移位程度不同,可以按股骨颈正位Garden指数评价移位程度,根据移位程度将其分为3个亚型;老年GardenⅢ型股骨颈骨折可采用内固定术治疗,其预后与移位程度相关,在制定治疗方案时应区别对待。  相似文献   

6.
股骨颈骨折术后股骨头缺血坏死的多因素分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨影响空心螺钉治疗老年人股骨颈骨折术后股骨头缺血性坏死的因素。方法对2000年1月至2006年1月间采用空心螺钉治疗的115例老年人股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性总结,将患者性别、年龄、外伤至手术时间、骨折Garden分型、Garden指数以及基础病与股骨头缺血性坏死间的关系进行统计学分析。结果影响空心螺钉治疗老年人股骨颈骨折术后股骨头缺血性坏死的相关因素和顺序依次为骨折Garden分型、患者年龄、受伤至手术时间、Garden指数、基础病,性别对股骨头缺血性坏死的影响不大。结论骨折移位是影响空心螺钉治疗老年人股骨颈骨折预后最为关键的因素。可控因素中,受伤至手术时间及骨折复位质量Garden指数明显影响预后。老年人年龄及其基础病增加股骨头缺血性坏死的发生概率。  相似文献   

7.
3枚不平行螺钉固定技术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
张国柱  王满宜  蒋协远 《中国骨伤》2012,25(12):1002-1004
目的:探讨3枚不平行空心钉技术治疗股骨颈骨折患者的临床疗效。方法:2008年9月至2009年5月,29例患者参与本方法治疗。其中男12例,女17例;年龄27~62岁,平均52岁。术前采用Garden系统分型:GardenⅡ型(无移位骨折)2例,GardenⅢ型18例(有移位骨折),GardenⅣ型(有移位骨折)9例。术中骨折复位后,再按照Pauwels系统分型:Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型17例。采用闭合复位,3枚不平行空心钉或全螺纹松质骨螺钉固定术进行治疗。手术当日X线片与随访X线片比较观察有无股骨颈短缩及螺钉退出的表现。采用Harris评分系统对随访结果进行功能评价。结果:本组均获随访,时间34~44个月,平均38个月。骨折愈合时间3~12个月,平均7个月。4例骨折不愈合,均为GardenⅣ型,其中2例出现股骨头坏死。Harris评分:2例无移位骨折患者均为100分;27例有移位骨折者中,23例为骨折愈合且无股骨头缺血坏死,Harris评分平均(91.35±8.00)分,4例骨折不愈合者Harris评分平均(61.23±5.12)分。除1例外,28例术后随访均未出现股骨颈短缩表现。结论:不平行螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折可以有效控制股骨颈骨折愈合后短缩及螺钉尾部退出等。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨股骨颈骨折内固定术后中心减压防治股骨头缺血坏死的手术方法及初步疗效。方法对40髋(GardenⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型)患者股骨颈内测压,对7髋骨内压超过30mmHg(GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型)患者进行中心减压。结果按王岩成人股骨头缺血坏死疗效评分法评定,评分由平均89分(85~95分)上升到98分(95~100分)优秀。结论本防治方法创伤小,操作简单,适合临床应用。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]观察双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄移位股骨颈骨折的疗效.[方法]自2000年~2007年采用双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄移位股骨颈骨折患者86例,平均年龄73.9岁(71~89岁).骨折类型:头下型40例,经颈型21例,头颈型25例.Garden分型:Ⅲ型者44例,Ⅳ型者40例.均髋部骨质疏松较重.根据Harris评分标准判定其疗效.[结果]本组中25例术后2~5年因心脑血管疾病死亡.末次随访获得61例,平均随访时间3.2年(1~8年),术后无伤口感染和下肢深静脉血栓形成.髋关节Harris评分为87分,优良率为88.5%.发生股骨柄松动下沉7髋(11.5%),髋臼磨损9髋(14.8%),下沉和髋臼磨损的程度不严重,疼痛不重,均不需手术翻修.[结论]双极人工股骨头是治疗高龄移位股骨颈骨折的简单有效方法.  相似文献   

10.
空心钉治疗老年股骨颈骨折中远期疗效观察   总被引:24,自引:4,他引:20  
目的 评价老年股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定预后的影响因素,内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折的可行性.方法 空心钉经皮手术内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折52例,男17例;女35例.年龄60~89岁,平均70.75岁,无移位骨折(GardenⅠ型、Ⅱ型)15例;移位骨折(GardenⅢ型、Ⅳ型)37例,随访时间:12~58个月,平均31.40个月.观察内容包括受伤至手术的时间,移位程度,术后早期负重及与年龄的关系.结果 无移位股骨颈骨折,骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血坏死发生率为0.00%,移位骨折,不愈合及股骨头缺血坏死分别占8.11%(3/37)和5.41%(2/37).伤后至手术时间超过3周,骨折不愈合的发生率增高至66.67%(2/3).结论 如能术前掌握好适应证,术后给予正确的康复指导,老年人股骨颈骨折内固定治疗大多数效果良好.  相似文献   

11.
目的 比较股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定术后骨折不愈合与股骨头缺血坏死相关因素之间的相同点与不同点.方法 对104例新鲜股骨颈骨折行空心钉内固定手术治疗,根据术后随访X线检查,判断骨折复位质量、骨折愈合情况和股骨头有无坏死.对骨折不愈合和股骨头缺血坏死发生的影响因索,进行统计学分析比较.结果 骨折Garden类型、受伤至手术时间和骨折复位质量是影响骨折不愈合与股骨头缺血坏死的共同因素.结论 骨折本身及其后续的各种因素,造成局部血液供应的中断和不能建立代偿性的血液供应.是骨折不愈合与股骨头缺血坏死的共同发病机制,但两者在具体的发病机制方面存在着差别.  相似文献   

12.
The Garden type I femoral neck fracture is defined as an incomplete fracture of the neck of the femur as seen on the antero-posterior (AP) radiograph of the injured hip. The diagnosis of incomplete femoral neck fractures has decreased in recent years with the development of improved radiographic imaging. We hypothesized that incomplete femoral neck fractures seen on radiographs are in fact complete fractures on computed tomography (CT). The study aims to test this hypothesis by comparing CT scan images to X-ray findings in patients diagnosed with Garden type I femoral neck fractures. From January 2008 to October 2010, our management of femoral neck fractures included a CT scan of the injured hip for all Garden type I fractures. CT findings were reported by a musculoskeletal radiologist. A classification of the fracture was performed by an orthopedic surgeon. Eight hundred and twenty five femoral neck fractures were admitted during the study period. Seventeen of these fractures (2.1%) were considered incomplete based on radiographic evaluation. In 17 cases (100%), the CT scan demonstrated a complete fracture extending through the medial cortex. Subsequently, all 17 fractures were fixed with standard cannulated screw technique on a fracture table. Secondary displacement occurred in one patient prior to fixation. All fractures healed well and no avascular necrosis was noted. In summary, our study shows that incomplete femoral neck fractures identified on X-rays are actually complete fractures based on CT scans. If confirmed by a larger study population, our findings can simplify the Garden classification by eliminating an inaccurate subcategory. The clinical implications are that Garden type I fractures should all likely be fixed with cannulated screws and with an effort to prevent displacement during treatment.  相似文献   

13.
The operative treatment of subcapital femoral neck fractures of stages Garden III and IV in the young patient is still a problem. The current methods of osteosynthesis show a high rate of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. We controlled 24 patients with subcapital femoral neck fracture, who were treated with a dynamic hip screw (DHS). The average age of these patients is 55 years. They were examined after 30-89 months from the operation. All patients were assessed regarding clinical and radiological parameters. All of the six patients with femoral neck fractures of stages Garden I and II had no pain, their clinical results were good. In one of these patients we found a partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Four out of the 18 patients with femoral neck fractures of stages Garden III and IV had painful complications, 3 of them needed a reoperation. Fourteen patients of the group with femoral neck fractures of stages Garden III and IV had no pain and wer satisfied with the result. But in this group we found 7 patients with partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head. These results are discussed and compared with data published elsewhere.  相似文献   

14.
We retrospectively reviewed 84 patients who underwent internal fixation of an intracapsular femoral neck fracture. The mean age was 58 years and the time from injury to operative treatment was 5.3 days. The mean follow-up was 4.7 years (range, 2-8 years). At the latest follow-up, in the 46 patients with undisplaced (Garden I, II) fractures, nonunion occurred in two patients and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in nine. Six of these nine patients had a good or excellent result, one had a fair result, and two had a poor result. Of 35 patients with no sign of avascular necrosis, 32 patients had a good or excellent result, two a fair and one had a poor result. In the group of 38 patients with displaced (Garden III, IV) fractures, nonunion occurred in six patients and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 15. Of these 15 patients, 10 had a good or excellent result, two had a fair result, and three had a poor result. Of 17 patients with no sign of avascular necrosis, 14 had an excellent result and three patients a poor result. Overall only five of the 24 patients who developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head had undergone total hip arthroplasty. Internal fixation remains a simple and safe, method of treatment for both undisplaced and displaced femoral neck fractures in middle-age patients. Despite the relatively high rate of avascular necrosis after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, only a few of these patients (20%) required further surgical treatment in the follow-up period of this study.  相似文献   

15.
Among 82 patients still alive after osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures between 1974 and 1983, 67 (i.e. 81.7%) were controlled clinically and radiologically. The average follow-up period was 57.0 months. The average age of 36 men was 45.3 years, the average age of 31 women was 56.1 years. Fractures were divided in lateral and medial femoral neck fractures, the medial fractures were classified according to Pauwels and Garden. The rate of avascular head necrosis mounted 20.7%, the rate of non union 13.8%. Both complications were dependent on the type of fracture. Besides reduction and impaction of fragments time of operation proved to be important: In 37 fractures type Garden III and IV the rate of avascular head necrosis was 3-fold higher after secondary osteosynthesis than after emergency operation at the day of accident. Our concept in treatment of femoral neck fractures is based on these factors: Emergency operation, decompressive capsulotomy, valgus reduction, impaction of the fragments and internal fixation to allow movement.  相似文献   

16.
Femoral neck fractures. 121 cases treated by Knowles pinning   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The femoral neck fracture remains one of the unsolved fractures. It is a fracture with a high incidence of nonunion and avascular necrosis. One hundred twenty-one mostly young adult patients with femoral neck fractures were treated by Knowles pins internal fixation. Patients were observed for an average of 32 months following surgery. Union occurred in all Garden Stage I and II undisplaced fractures, and the incidence of nonunion was 14% in Garden Stage III and IV displaced fractures. The incidence of avascular necrosis was 5.9% in undisplaced fractures and 34.5% in displaced fractures. There was no significant difference in avascular necrosis rates among age groups. Nonunion and avascular necrosis occurred mainly in displaced fractures. Knowles pinning offers the advantages of few technical failures, early weight bearing, high union rate, and low complication rate.  相似文献   

17.
We performed dynamic MRI of the femoral head within 48 hours of injury on 22 patients with subcapital fracture of the neck of the femur and on a control group of 20 of whom ten were healthy subjects and ten were patients with an intertrochanteric fracture. Three MRI patterns emerged when the results between the fractured side and the contralateral femoral head were compared. In all of the control group and in those patients who had undisplaced fractures (Garden stages I and II), perfusion of the femoral head was considered to be at the same level as on the unaffected side. In patients with displaced fractures (Garden stages III and IV) almost all the femoral heads on the fractured side were impaired or totally avascular, although some had the same level of perfusion as the unaffected side. We conclude that dynamic MRI, a new non-invasive imaging technique, is useful for evaluating the perfusion of the femoral head.  相似文献   

18.

Introduction

It is widely thought that the posterior retinaculum is intact only in relatively undisplaced intracapsular fractures, and interruption of the arterial flow through the retinacular arteries to the femoral head is the main cause of avascular necrosis after fracture of the neck.

Patients

In order to test the hypothesis that the posterior retinaculum is torn after a displaced femoral neck fracture, 112 patients (45 males and 67 females), 75 years old on average, underwent a hemiarthroplasty for a displaced femoral neck fracture. There were 71 Garden type III and 41 Garden type IV fractures. The integrity of the posterior retinaculum was examined intraoperatively in every patient during the procedure.

Results

The posterior retinaculum was found intact in all of the Garden type III fractures and in 39 Garden type IV fractures. The posterior retinaculum was found torn in two Garden type IV fractures. There was no tearing in any other part of the capsule of the hip joint in any patient.

Conclusions

The posterior retinaculum of the hip joint remains intact after a displaced femoral neck fracture in all of Garden type III fractures and in the great majority of Garden type IV fractures.  相似文献   

19.
Huang TW  Hsu WH  Peng KT  Lee CY 《Injury》2011,42(2):217-222

Aim

To assess whether disruption of the posterior cortex of intracapsular femoral fractures leads to an increased incidence of complications following closed reduction and internal fixation by multiple cannulated screws in young adults.

Methods

A total of 146 consecutive adult patients with 146 femoral neck fractures were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with parallel cannulated screw in inverted triangle or diamond configurations. All enrolled patients were divided into three groups: those with a non-displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden types I or II), those with a displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden types III or IV) but no posterior cortex disruption and those with a displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden types III or IV) and a disrupted posterior cortex.

Results

Based on an average follow-up of 4.76 years (range, 2-6 years), displaced femoral neck fractures with a disrupted posterior cortex demonstrated an increased risk for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, shortening, redisplacement and conversion of prosthetic replacement as compared with those fractures without posterior cortex disruption (p = 0.002, 0.016, 0.001 and <0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

As compared with a femoral neck fracture with an intact posterior cortex, a displaced femoral neck fracture with a disrupted posterior cortex increases the risk for avascular necrosis, redisplacement and shortening and raises the likelihood that prosthetic replacement will be needed. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of this prognostic factor.  相似文献   

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