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1.
肾移植术硬膜外罗哌卡因药效学和药代动力学研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
目的 观察肾移植术患者罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉时药代动力学和药效学的变化。方法选择肾移植术病人8例(R组);年龄体重相匹配的肾功能正常,行下腹部或下肢手术病人8例(C组)。应用0.75%罗哌卡因行硬膜外阻滞,测定感觉阻滞、运动阻滞程度;以高效液相法测定罗哌卡因血浆浓度,测定血浆α1-酸性糖蛋白浓度。结果 R组感觉阻滞上界固定时间为(20.00±4.63)min,比对照组[(32.14±8.09)min]明显快(P<0.05);麻醉持续时间明显延长,分别为(60.00±27.69)min,(43.10±27.64)min,P<0.05。R组血浆α1-酸性糖蛋白浓度[(125.49±46.84)mg/dl]明显高于C组[(69.69±20.39)mg/dl)](P<0.05)。R组罗哌卡因血药浓度-时间曲线 AUC(496.46±237.84)明显高于C组(304.09±100.77)(P<0.05)。而运动阻滞时间、Tmax、Tβ1/2、Cmax两组无显著性差异。结论 硬膜外0.75%罗哌卡因可为肾移植术提供良好的麻醉。肾衰对罗哌卡因药效学和药代动力学有不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

2.
目的通过高效液相色谱法检测胎儿娩出时脐静脉血、母体静脉血罗哌卡因血药浓度,明确药物胎盘转移情况。方法择期行剖宫产术产妇60例,随机均分成H组(0.5%罗哌卡因10mg)和L组(0.375%罗哌卡因10mg)。胎儿取出后立即抽取胎儿脐静脉血与母体静脉血各3ml,应用高效液相色谱法检测罗哌卡因血药浓度。结果本方法得线性方程Y=0.2803X-0.0022,r=0.9993,罗哌卡因质量浓度为0.025~2.400mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检测浓度为0.015mg/L,方法回收率95%~110%(n=5)。胎儿娩出时两组母体静脉血罗哌卡因浓度明显高于脐静脉血(P<0.01)。结论本研究建立的高效液相色谱法操作简便,能够测定罗哌卡因血药浓度。罗哌卡因注入蛛网膜下腔后可在母体静脉血与脐静脉血中检出,蛛网膜下腔罗哌卡因浓度不影响其在母体静脉血与脐静脉血中浓度。  相似文献   

3.
目的 观察罗哌卡因应用于臂丛神经阻滞的临床效果。方法 选择ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级上肢手术病人30例,随机分为三组,每组10例。分别以0.75%罗哌卡因、0.5%罗哌卡因和0.5%布比卡因采用肌间沟法进行臂丛神经阻滞,注入量20ml。分别记录病人感觉阻滞和运用阻滞的起效时间,峰值时间(达到完全阻滞可以开始手术的时间),追加阻滞药物的比率,术中病人对阿片类药物的需要,病人的满意程度等指标。对比各组间的各项指标。结果 两组罗哌卡因与0.5%布比卡因比较在注射10、15、20 min后达到完全的感觉和运动阻滞的比率较高(P<0.01)。罗哌卡因组的平均峰值时间明显短于布比卡因组(R50=16.3±3.16min,R75=14.6±3.33min,B=22.4±4.17 min,P<0.05)。根据病人术中对阿片类药的需要和全部病人的满意程度,认为罗哌卡因有较高的麻醉质量(P<0.05)。其他各项指标无显著差异。结论 罗哌卡因在臂丛神经阻滞中出现了较布比卡因平均峰值时间短、阻滞完善的优越性。在肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞中应该使用0.5%的罗哌卡因。  相似文献   

4.
尚志杰 《中国科学美容》2011,(22):116-116,120
目的比较0.75%罗哌卡因和0.75%左布比卡因对剖宫产手术腰麻的临床效果。方法 160例ASA1~2级择期剖宫产手术患者随机分为0.75%罗哌卡因(R)组和0.75%左布比卡因(L)组。采用25G腰麻穿刺针,于L3~4间隙穿刺。监测两组感觉运动阻滞情况、麻醉效果及不良反应情况。结果 R组最大阻滞时间、最大运动阻滞时间均高于L组;而运动恢复时间,R组低于L组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论等剂量罗哌卡因和左旋布比卡因腰麻麻醉效果和不良反应差异无统计学意义,左旋布比卡因运动神经阻滞比罗哌卡因更完全,罗哌卡因则具有运动神经阻滞起效慢而恢复较快的特点。  相似文献   

5.
目的 评价剖宫产术病人硬膜外左旋布比卡因的胎盘转移情况.方法 择期硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术病人60例.于L1,2或L2,3间隙进行硬膜外穿刺,穿刺成功后注射0.5%左旋布比卡因5ml(含1:20万肾上腺素)试验剂量,5 min后无脊麻征象后,追加9~12 ml,5 min后再追加1次.娩出时抽取脐动脉血样,进行血气分析;于娩出后l、5min行Apgar评分.选择30例病人,娩出时抽取母体静脉血样和脐静脉血样,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆左旋布比卡因浓度.结果 在硬膜外注药结束后10~22 min60例胎儿娩出,新生儿Apgar评分均≥7分,脐动脉血Ph值均≥7.25.娩出时母体静脉血与脐静脉血血浆左旋布比卡因浓度分别为0.35 ±0.24、(0.24±0.21)μg/ml,脐静脉血与母体静脉血血浆左旋布比卡因浓度的比值为0.7 ±0.3.结论 宫产术病人硬膜外左旋布比卡因可通过胎盘,脐静脉血与母体静脉血左旋布比卡因浓度的比值为0.7.  相似文献   

6.
目的比较罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法60例行下腹部手术病人。随机分成三组,每组20例。Ⅰ组:0.5%罗哌卡因;Ⅱ组:0.5%左旋布比卡因;Ⅲ组:0.5%布比卡因。行连续低位硬膜外麻醉。观察感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞程度及麻醉质量。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组首次局麻药用量分别为(14.38±1.57)、(14.75±0.50)和(13.80±1.30)ml。Ⅰ组运动阻滞起效时间比Ⅲ组长(P〈0.05),Ⅰ组Bromage评分为1分的例数多于Ⅲ组(P〈0.05)。与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界差异均无统计学意义。Ⅲ组SBP在感觉阻滞平面达上界及运动阻滞起效时有明显降低(P〈0.05)。结论0.5%罗哌旨因、左旋布比卡因或布比卡因连续硬膜外麻醉均可产生良好的感觉和运动阻滞,三种药物药效学相似。  相似文献   

7.
硬膜外阻滞时罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药代动力学   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
目的 研究国人在硬腊外阻滞时罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药代动力学特征。方法 选择14例手术病人、随机分为两组、硬膜外阻滞时,分别注产哌卡因2.0mg/kg或布比卡因2.0mg/kg。用气相色谱法测定血浆药物浓度。结果 罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药=时曲线均会合二室开放模型。t1/2ka分别为0.22小时和0.14小时,T分别为0.51和0.47小时,Camx分别1.06mg./kg.L^1和1.44mg.L^  相似文献   

8.
目的 评价罗哌卡因在硬膜外阻滞麻醉应用中的效果与安全性. 方法 检索PubMed、中国学术期刊全文等数据库中罗哌卡因与布比卡因在硬膜外阻滞麻醉的对比研究,利用Meta分析专用软件RevMan 5.0进行系统评价,重点分析罗哌卡因与布比卡因在感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞恢复时间以及低血压发生率间的差异. 结果 12项研究纳入Meta分析,其中罗哌卡因组362例,布比卡因组377例.罗哌卡因与布比卡因比较,具有较短的感觉阻滞起效时间(Z=2.24,P=0.02,I2=20.5%,P>0.05),与运动阻滞恢复时间(Z=5.70,P<0.01,I2=58.9%,P>0.05),但两者低血压发生率差别无统计学意义(Z=1.06,P>0.05,I22=0,P>0.05).结论 罗哌卡因麻醉效果确切,运动阻滞恢复快,具有较高的硬膜外阻滞麻醉优越性.  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨以罗哌卡因和布比卡因行上胸段硬膜外麻醉的半数有效浓度(EC50)、95%有效浓度(EC95)和最佳有效浓度及其效价比.方法选择拟施上胸段硬膜外麻醉ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级乳腺癌根治术病人197例,分为罗哌卡因组122例(R组)、布比卡因组75例(B组).观察血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度,测定血气、麻醉平面,评价镇痛效果.结果罗哌卡因和布比卡因的EC50分别为0.10%和0.09%,其效价比为10.9;EC95 R组为0.14%,B组为0.12%,其效价比为10.86;最佳浓度R组为0.17%~0.18%,B组为0.14%~0.15%,其效价比为10.78;剂量分别为0.8~1.0 mg/kg和0.75~0.85mg/kg.结论上胸段硬膜外麻醉采用罗哌卡因和布比卡因的EC50和EC95麻醉时只对部分患者有效,而采用罗哌卡因和布比卡因的最佳浓度和剂量可获得镇痛完善、足够的阻滞平面和副作用最小的疗效.两药的效价比与浓度成正相关.  相似文献   

10.
低浓度罗哌卡因和布比卡因分娩镇痛的临床研究   总被引:41,自引:0,他引:41  
目的 对比低浓度罗哌卡因和布比卡因自控硬膜外分娩镇痛(PCEA)的效果。方法 52例单胎初产妇随机分为0.1%罗哌卡因-芬太尼组和0.075%布比卡因-芬太尼组。采取双盲法进行视觉模拟镇痛评分(VAS)和下肢运动神经阻滞评分(MBS)。记录产程时间、生产方式、胎儿心率(FHR)及新生儿SpO2。结果 两组产妇分娩镇痛效果良好且无显著性差别(P〉0.05)。罗哌卡因组和布比卡因组中无运动神经阻滞者分  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

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