维持性血液透析患者心脏结构功能的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响维持性血液透析（MHD）患者心脏结构功能的危险因素。方法选择MHD患者153例,超声心动图测定心脏各项指标,并计算左心室心肌重量指数（LVMI）。生存函数乘积限（Kaplan-Meier）分析观察LVMI对患者预后的影响,分析影响LVMI的危险因素关系。结果153例MHD患者中,84例（占55．2％）患者存在左心室肥厚。多元回归结果显示超滤量（UF）和血红蛋白是影响左心室肥厚的独立危险因素。每周3次透析与每周2次透析的患者左心室肥厚的发生率分别为59．3％和52．1％。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示左心室肥厚患者的5、10和15年生存率分为78．3％、54．3％和36．2％。结论MHD患者存在较高的左心室肥厚发生率,UF、血红蛋白与左心室肥厚相关,预防患者左心室肥厚可能有助于提高患者生存率。     

终末期肾病患者左心室结构与功能改变及影响因素

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者左心室结构与功能的改变及其影响因素。方法本组收集50例维持性血液透析患者的超声心动图结果以及血压、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血脂、钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）和尿酸水平，并分析它们之间的关系。结果其中41例（82％）患者有左心室肥厚，左心室肥厚组与无左心室肥厚组相比，收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白和PTH水平有显著差异（P〈0．05）；12例（24％）患者有左心室收缩功能障碍，左心室功能障碍组与无左心室功能障碍组相比，血清白蛋白、甘油三酯、钙、尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮等指标有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；31例（62％）患者有左心室舒张功能障碍。左心室舒张功能障碍组与无左心室舒张功能障碍组相比，收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白和白蛋白水平有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论维持性血液透析患者左心室结构与功能异常发生率较高，血压、贫血和营养状况与之相关。     

尿毒症血液透析患者心脏结构功能特征及相关危险因素分析

目的 了解慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)血液透析患者心脏形态结构、收缩和舒张功能变化特征，探讨高血压、贫血、营养状况、钙磷代谢、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)与心脏结构功能改变的关系。方法 回顾性分析120例CRF维持性血液透析患者，多普勒超声心动图及其同期血压、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、钙磷乘积、iPTH水平之间的关系。结果 120例CRF患者超声心动图结果显示，73．7％的患者存在左心室肥厚，其中58．5％为离心性肥厚，41．5％为向心性肥厚。分别有75．6％和17．5％存在左心室舒张功能不全和左心室收缩功能不全。年龄、血压、iPTH、透析超滤量是影响左心室肥厚的因素。患者收缩压、舒张压、钙磷乘积、iPTH与左室心肌重量指数(LVMI)呈正相关。结论 CRF血液透析患者常见左心室肥厚及左心室舒张功能不全。心脏结构功能变化可能与高血压、iPTH等因素有关。     

青年胃癌的临床病理特征及其预后分析

目的探讨青年胃癌的临床病理及预后特征,以提高青年胃癌的治疗水平。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属协和医院胃外科2004年1月至2006年12月间收治的63例青年胃癌患者（青年组．小于或等于40岁）的临床病理资料及预后情况,并与同期654例中老年胃癌患者（中老年组．大于40岁）进行比较。结果青年组中女性、存在家族史及未分化型患者比例显著高于中老年组（均P〈0．05）。青年组患者根治性切除率61．9％（39／63）,低于中老年组的93．1％（595／654）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。653例（91．1％）患者获得了1～84个月的随访,青年组和中老年组术后5年生存率分别为40．5％和55．6％．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多因素预后分析显示,浸润深度、淋巴结转移和手术根治性是影响青年胃癌患者预后的独立因素（均P〈0．05）。分层预后分析显示,行根治性手术的青年组和中老年组患者术后5年生存率分别为63．2％和56．7％．差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）：行姑息性手术后两组患者5年生存率分别为4．2％和22．2％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论青年胃癌恶性度高．根治性切除率低,总体预后不佳;但积极行根治性手术者可达到与中老年胃癌相似的远期疗效。     

支气管激发试验对青年人胸闷的鉴别价值

目的探讨对青年人胸闷症状鉴别诊断的有效方法,减少误诊误治的发生。方法对62例有不明原因胸闷症状的青年患者（青年组）行支气管激发试验检查,并与同期32例中老年不明原因胸闷患者（中老年组）进行对照比较。结果青年组62例中47例支气管激发试验阳性,阳性率为75．8％,并根据临床特点及治疗反应均诊断为非典型哮喘;中老年组32例中16例支气管激发试验阳性,阳性率为50．0％,其中非典型哮喘15例（46．9％）,两组支气管激发试验阳性率和非典型哮喘患病率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论有不明原因胸闷症状的青年患者应高度重视非典型哮喘的可能,支气管激发试验是确定其诊断的重要手段,具有较高的应用价值。     

单中心维持性血液透析患者的钙磷代谢调查

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者钙磷代谢异常及继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的患病情况,并分析其相关危险因素.方法 选择2013年4月至2014年3月滁州市第一人民医院血液净化中心行MHD的203例患者进行调查,收集其一般资料,测定血钙、血磷、血全段甲状旁腺素(immunoreactive parathyroid hormone,iPTH),分析终末期肾脏疾病患者的患病率、达标率以及相关危险因素.结果 203例患者中,高钙血症50例,患病率为24.63％;低钙血症11例,患病率为5.42％;高磷血症88例,患病率为43.35％;低磷血症19例,患病率为9.36％;高iPTH86例,患病率为42.36％;低iPTH52例,患病率为25.62％.符合KDI-GO关于慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常诊断的患者比例高达97.54％.本组MHD患者血钙、血磷、iPTH达标率分别为69.95％、48.77％、32.02％.血钙、血磷、iPTH均达标仅17例(占8.37％).血钙和血磷的达标率低于透析预后与实践模式研究4 (the dialysis outcomes and practice patients sutdy 4,DOPPS4).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高iPTH的危险因素为高磷血症、低钙血症、碱性磷酸酶;低iPTH的危险因素为透析时间、年龄、碳酸钙服用史、活性维生素D服用史.结论 MHD患者慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常的发病率较高,与DOPPS4比较,慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常各项指标达标率较低,其并发症危害值得注意.重视血钙、血磷、血iPTH 的检测,及时纠正血钙、血磷、血iPTH的紊乱可减少透析相关慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢异常的发生.     

青年人胃癌

作者分析了１９７６年～１９９１年间６７５例胃癌病例的临床病理情况及随访结果，将其中年龄≤３５岁的青年组胃癌５１例与年龄＞３５岁的６２４例中老年组相比较。分析结果：（１）青年组胃癌发病男、女之比为１∶１．２，比值随年龄而增加，至５０～５９岁达高峰为２．８∶１。（２）青年组胃癌组织学分化较差者占８８．２％，明显高于中老年组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）青年组胃癌分期多数偏晚，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期占７２．５％（Ｐ＞０．１）。作者认为：青年组与中老年组在手术切除率及术后生存率方面差异均无显著意义，大多数青年患者诊断较晚，争取早期发现是改善预后的主要措施。     

维持性透析患者透析后血压变异的危险因素研究

目的:探讨维持性透析(MHD)患者透析后6 h内血压变异增加的危险因素。方法:选择稳定透析患者123例,根据患者透析后6 h的血压的变异度(BPV)分为收缩压高变异组(HSBPV)及收缩压低变异组(LSBPV)、舒张压高变异组(HDBPV)及舒张压低变异组(LDBPV),分析患者血压变异度的影响因素。结果:透析后6 h患者SBPV为(12.56±2.38)%、DBPV为(12.60±3.04)%。在高收缩压变异组与低收缩压变异两组的年龄、干体重、单次透析超滤量、细胞外液(ECW)、细胞内液(ICW)、血红蛋白、i PTH、TC差异有统计学意义(P0.05),高舒张压变异组与低舒张压变异两组的年龄、干体重、单次透析超滤量、ECW、ICW、血红蛋白、i PTH、TC差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干体重、ECW、血红蛋白、i PTH、TC是MHD患者透析后收缩压变异度的独立危险因素(P0.05),年龄、TC是MHD患者透析后舒张压变异度的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:透析前细胞外液高容量、低血红蛋白血症、高胆固醇血症、炎症状态及未得到控制的继发性甲旁亢可增加MHD患者透析后6 h的收缩压变异度;高龄、高胆固醇血症可增加MHD患者透析后8 h的舒张压的变异度。     

维持性血液透析患者FT_3与左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT_3)与左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)之间的关系。方法:收集我院肾内科2014年02月～2018年08月MHD治疗的患者65例。行心脏彩超检查并根据左心室肥厚诊断标准,分为非左心室肥厚组和左心室肥厚组。比较两组患者一般资料及实验室指标,行左心室质量指数与各指标的相关性分析,并采用多重线性回归分析左心室肥厚的危险因素。结果:(1) 65例MHD患者左心室肥厚36例(55. 4%),低FT_326例(40. 0%)。(2)左心室肥厚组FT_3、血红蛋白、白蛋白、射血分数低于非左心室肥厚组(P 0. 05); C反应蛋白、平均动脉压、NT-pro BNP高于非左心室肥厚组(P 0. 05);(3)左心室质量指数与FT_3、血红蛋白、射血分数呈负相关(P 0. 05);与C反应蛋白、平均动脉压、NT-pro BNP呈正相关(P 0. 05);(4)FT_3、血红蛋白、C反应蛋白是左心室肥厚的危险因素。结论:MHD患者低FT_3发生率高,低FT_3与左心室肥厚相关,提示临床工作中MHD患者需要定期检测FT_3水平。     

维持性血液透析患者血清胱抑素C与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系

目的 研究维持性血液透析（MHD）患者的血清胱抑素C（半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,CysC）水平的变化及其与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系。 方法 选择透析龄超过6个月的MHD患者110例（MHD组）和健康对照组60例为对象。用免疫透射比浊法检测CysC;超声检查颈动脉病变的程度;检测高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）、血清白介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平。分析CysC水平与细胞因子及颈动脉病变的关系。 结果 MHD组血清CysC水平为（6.19±0.95） mg/L,显著高于健康对照组的（0.76±0.21） mg/L（P < 0.01）。MHD组hsCRP、tHcy、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著高于健康对照组（P < 0.05或<0.01）。MHD组患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）及斑块形成、颈动脉硬化的患病率均显著高于健康对照组（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。直线相关分析显示,MHD组血CysC水平与hsCRP、tHcy、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IMT及斑块形成、颈动脉硬化的患病率呈正相关;与透析龄、收缩压、iPTH亦呈正相关（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。多因素逐步回归分析显示,CysC、hsCRP、tHcy和年龄是MHD患者颈动脉病变的危险因素。 结论 血液透析不能有效清除CysC等大分子物质,随着透析龄的增加,MHD患者血清CysC水平逐渐升高。CysC与hsCRP等微炎性反应指标及tHcy、颈动脉病变呈正相关,血清CysC水平升高可能是MHD患者并发动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

尿毒症患者心脏结构的改变与甲状旁腺素关系的探讨

目的 探讨尿毒症患者心脏结构的改变与全段甲状旁腺素之间的关系.方法 将119例尿毒症患者分为血液透析组61例、非血液透析组58例,比较2组室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、射血分数、左心室心肌重量指数及全段甲状旁腺素水平.结果 血液透析组左心室肥厚48例,非血液透析组左心室肥厚39例,2组室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度明显增厚,无明显差异.血液透析组左心室收缩功能不全5例,非血液透析组左心室收缩功能不全1例.2组全段甲状旁腺素较正常人群（7～53 pg/ml）均明显升高,血液透析组高于非血液透析组.血液透析组左心室心肌重量指数高于非血液透析组.2组全段甲状旁腺素与室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室心肌重量指数呈正相关.结论 尿毒症患者血全段甲状旁腺素升高是影响左心室结构与功能的重要因素之一.     

Successful repair of supravalvular aortic stenosis using Steinberg 3 sinuses reconstruction; report of a case

Steinberg method is a modification of Doty extended aortoplasty for supravalvular aortic stenosis (SAS). This modification entails placement of an additional patch in the left coronary sinus. A 3-year-old boy was diagnosed as SAS with aortic valvular stenosis. He was noticed a systolic murmur from 1 month after his birth. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy, and pressure gradient of 80 mmHg was measured between the ascending aorta and the left ventricle. Cardiac catheterization revealed severe aortic stenosis at the sino-tubular (ST) junction. We adopted Steinberg 3 sinuses reconstruction. After this operation, there was no pressure gradient at ST junction although aortic valvular stenosis remained and mild aortic valve regurgitation newly developed. As this method can produce a symmetric aortic root, it may reduce aortic valve deformity especially on the left coronary cusp.     

A case report of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after the correction of atrioventricular septal defect

A 47-year-old woman who had closure of an atrioventricular septal defect and repair of mitral cleft developed severe dyspnea on effort 6 years after surgery. An echocardiography showed asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy and a left cardiac catheterization revealed marked intraventricular pressure gradient and moderately severe mitral regurgitation. The patient underwent mitral valve replacement through transseptal approach during empty beating heart. Symptomatic relief was obtained and marked reduction of intraventricular systolic pressure gradient was noted in postoperative cardiac catheterization about 40 days after the operation. Mitral valve replacement should be considered for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in severe cases with associated morphological abnormality of mitral leaflet or severe mitral regurgitation.     

Aortic regurgitation after surgical relief of subvalvular membranous stenosis. A long-term follow-up study

A postoperative follow-up study of 21 cases of discrete membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis is presented. The age at operation was 6-47 (mean 16) years, and the follow-up time 0.6-16 (mean 6.7) years. Preoperatively most patients were in NYHA function class II or III and had high peak systolic pressure gradient, left ventricular hypertrophy and/or cardiothoracic index greater than 0.50. At follow-up all but six patients were in NYHA class I, the Doppler-estimated peak systolic gradient was 0-36 (mean 18) mmHg, the cardiothoracic index unchanged and the mean left ventricular hypertrophy score had declined from 4.3 to 2.3. Of 13 patients without aortic regurgitation preoperatively, eight had regurgitation at follow-up (group I) and five did not (group II). The interval to follow-up was significantly longer and the preoperative peak systolic gradient was greater in group I than in group II. Aortic regurgitation may develop even after surgical relief of discrete membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis, possibly associated with high preoperative pressure gradient and time from operation. Regular postoperative Doppler echocardiography is therefore recommended.     

The changing unnatural history of valvular regurgitation.

In the past 15 years three major advancements have improved the lot of our patients with left-sided valvular regurgitation. First, the concept that mitral and aortic regurgitation were similar volume overloading lesions has changed. Mitral regurgitation constitutes a nearly pure volume overload wherein the excess volume is ejected against relatively low pressure into the left atrium. On the other hand, aortic regurgitation represents a combined pressure and volume overload in which the excess volume being pumped is ejected against the relatively high pressure of the aorta. These differences in loading between mitral and aortic regurgitation produce a different response to operation. Afterload reduction after correction of aortic regurgitation increases ejection performance if it was decreased preoperatively. Conversely, afterload increases after mitral valve replacement, decreasing ejection performance. These differences make the left ventricle in mitral regurgitation less tolerant of preoperative dysfunction than the left ventricle in aortic regurgitation. Second, with respect to aortic regurgitation, reproducible indexes have been developed that identify when left ventricular dysfunction is present, leading to earlier operation in an attempt to avoid permanent ventricular dysfunction. In turn, earlier operation has led to a fall in operative mortality rate and an almost universal increase in left ventricular function if it was depressed preoperatively. Third, with regard to mitral regurgitation, recognition of the importance of the mitral valve apparatus in maintaining left ventricular function has led to an increased emphasis on chordal preservation during mitral valve operations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Related factors of pre-dialysis blood pressure variability in under-age patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To explore the blood pressure variability (BPV) in pediatric patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and to assess the factors associated with pre-dialysis BPV(pre-HD BPV). Methods The pediatric patients who undergone regular dialysis for more than twelve months from Oct 2005 to Oct 2011 in hemo dialysis center of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital were divided into high pre-HD BPV group and low pre-HD BPV group. Baseline characteristics, biochemical indexes and cardiac function parameters measured by echocardiography were collected in both groups and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results Pediatric patients in high pre-HD BPV group demonstrated significantly higher inter-dialytic weight growth rate (IDWG), pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and average amount of dehydration than those in low pre-HD BPV group (P＜0.05), while significantly lower hemoglobin and albumin levels than those in low pre-HD BPV group (P＜0.05). Comparison among laboratory indicators, serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone demonstrated significant difference between groups (P＜0.05). For all pediatric patients, pre-HD BPV was positively correlated with IDWG (β=0.165), pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure (β=0.259), and iPTH (β=0.187), while negatively correlated with hemoglobin level (β=-0.199). Conclusions Increasing IDWG, higher pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure, anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism influence BPV in pediatric patients on MHD.     

Disappearance of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation in haemodialysis patients after ultrafiltration

Background. Doppler echocardiography has recently revealed frequent occurrence of valvular (in particular mitral) regurgitation in dialysis (HD) patients. We hypothesized that this may be in part `functional' and related to the cardiac dilatation which is also frequently present. Thus it would be possible to improve it by ultrafiltration. Methods. Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation was detected in 21 haemodialysis patients who had cardiomegaly but no manifest cardiac failure. They were treated by intensified ultrafiltration sessions, as much as they could tolerate, while all antihypertensive drugs were stopped. Doppler echocardiograms were then repeated. Results. Mitral regurgitation disappeared in 13 and tricuspid regurgitation in 14 patients, while lesser degrees of either of them persisted in seven. This was accompanied by decreases of body weight (5.4±2.7 kg) mean arterial pressure (125±15 to 95±11 mmHg), cardiothoracic index (from 0.57 to 0.47), and left atrial (28±4 to 22±3 mm/m²), left ventricular systolic (25±5 to 21±55 mm/m²) and left ventricular diastolic (31±5 to 27±5 mm/m²), and mitral annular diameters (19.4±2 to 16.6±2 mm/m²). Ejection fraction increased but remained below 50% in 11 patients. Conclusion. Most of the mitral and tricuspid regurgitations seen in HD patients are partly or completely functional, due to dilatation of the mitral annulus which is related to volume overload. A more aggressive approach, while discontinuing antihypertensive drugs can correct or improve many of them and also ameliorate cardiac function.     

Cardiac involvement in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: a hypertensive heart disease

BACKGROUND: There is little information regarding the occurrence and distribution of cardiovascular abnormalities during the course of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We conducted a cross-sectional study in three different groups of ADPKD patients to determine the profile and prevalence of cardiac involvement in this population. METHODS: Doppler color echocardiography was performed in 130 ADPKD patients. Patients were divided into normotensive (Group I, n=60), hypertensive (Group II, n=32) and those undergoing hemodialysis (Group III, n=38). RESULTS: There was a progressive increase in left ventricular mass (LVM) index (88.6+/-19.7, 127.6+/-40.4 and 150.5+/-56.5 g/m2, p < 0.0001) and in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (3%, 43%, 62%, p < 0.0001) in Groups I, II and III, respectively. E/A ratio < 1 was found in 2% of normotensives, 46% of hypertensives and 62% of hemodialysis patients (p < 0.0001). Prevalence ofmitral valve prolapse and aortic and/or mitral regurgitation was 4.3% and 8.6%, respectively, in non-dialysis patients. The majority of valvular abnormalities occurred in dialysis patients, and were generally related to annular mitral calcification (28%) or aortic valve calcification (38%). Age, sex, systolic blood pressure (BP) and hemoglobin were independent predictors of LVM index in the entire population, systolic BP and creatinine in non-dialysis patients and systolic BP in dialysis patients. Age, heart rate and diastolic BP in the entire group, and age, heart rate and LVM index in non-dialysis patients remained as independent predictors of abnormal diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac involvement in ADPKD patients is a continuous process that evolves during the course of this disease. It is characterized by a low prevalence of specific valvular abnormalities, a progressive increase in LVM, LVH, and diastolic dysfunction, which are greatest in the latter stages of the disease. This study confirms the major influence of BP on cardiovascular abnormalities of ADPKD patients.