超选择性肾动脉栓塞术在微创经皮肾穿刺取石术后出血中的应用

目的:评价超选择性肾动脉栓塞术用于治疗微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(MPCNL)后出血保守治疗无效的患者的治疗效果.方法:回顾性分析2003年12月～2007年12月以来300例MPCNL患者的临床资料,5例术后出觋严重出血,男3例,女2例,年龄15～57岁,平均43岁,保守治疗无效后对其均进行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术.结果:5例患者DSA显示,4例为穿刺扩张通道小动脉出血,1例为弥漫性小血管出血;5例患者栓塞后1～4天出血均得到有效控制,随访期间无再次血尿及其他严重并发症.结论:超选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗微创经皮肾穿刺镜取石术后严重出血的一种安全、有效的方法.     

超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜取石术术后肾出血

目的评价超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）术后肾出血的临床价值。方法对PCNL术后并发肾出血的35例患者行超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术,栓塞材料为0．018in微弹簧圈,部分病例加用少量明胶海绵颗粒。术后随访3-24个月。结果术中造影发现24例单纯肾段以下小动脉损伤,6例合并假性动脉瘤,5例合并动静脉瘘。全部35例患者均成功栓塞肾动脉出血分支,术后1-4天血尿症状消失,术中及术后无严重并发症发生。结论超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术治疗PCNL术后肾出血安全、快速、有效,可成为其首选治疗方法。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗MPCNL术后肾出血

目的研究MPCNL术后肾出血的介入止血方法和效果。方法 2008年4月至2009年10月间经MPCNL治疗上尿路结石后肾出血患者15例,行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗术,回顾性分析其临床资料。结果本组患者治疗后效果满意,一次栓塞成功14例（93.3%）,1例栓塞后另一血管分支再出血,经第二次栓塞血止。结论介入方法治疗MPCNL术后肾出血具有安全、有效、创伤小、预后好、恢复快等优点,是MPCNL术后肾出血的首选手术方法之一。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术后迟发大出血的原因及防治策略

目的 分析微创经皮肾镜取石(PCNL)术后迟发大出血的原因并探讨防治措施,评价介入栓塞止血的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2004-2009年13例PCNL术后迟发出血患者的临床资料.男10例,女3例.平均年龄47(35～68)岁.其中肾内多发结石8例,肾巨大铸型结石5例.患者出现严重肉眼血尿的时间为术后5～40 d.13例血红蛋白<80 g/L,其中6例<60 g/L,分析和总结迟发出血的原因、防治方法及超选择肾动脉造影及栓塞止血治疗的疗效.结果 13例中7例经过绝对卧床休息、止血药物、夹闭肾造瘘管、肾造瘘管球囊压迫牵引等保守治疗10～20 d,出血得到控制;6例经保守治疗无效者行肾动脉造影检查,其中假性动脉瘤4例、动静脉瘘2例,经超选择性栓塞止血治疗1～3 d后血尿逐渐消失.随访3～24个月IVU检查示患肾功能良好.结论 术后迟发性大出血是PCNL严重并发症之一,出血原因为肾穿刺通道的动脉损伤并且形成假性动脉瘤或动静脉瘘,肾动脉造影及超选择肾动脉栓塞是治疗迟发大出血安全有效的方法.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术大出血原因分析及处理

目的分析微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）术后大出血原因,总结超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗的经验和疗效,提高经皮肾镜术后出血的处理水平。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年4月MPCNL术中、术后出血〉600ml的10例患者的临床资料。男4例,女6例;年龄48~71岁,平均42岁;2例为输尿管上段结石,8例为肾脏结石。结果术中明显出血2例患者中,1例压迫止血无效,大出血转行开放手术,缝扎造瘘口2针止血,另1例放置造瘘管压迫止血,改行二期MPCNL。术后出血8例,3例经夹闭造瘘管、卧床休息、使用止血药后出血停止;5例迟发性出血经超选择性肾动脉栓塞出血血管,出血停止。随访发现患肾功能均恢复正常。结论大出血是MPCNL的一种严重并发症,动脉造影和超选择性动脉栓塞是安全可靠的止血方法。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术并发严重出血的诊治

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）并发严重出血的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2013年10月我院实施的1003例微创经皮肾镜取石术并发严重出血的29例患者资料,并统计分析经传统保守治疗及改进保守治疗病例的成功率.结果 13例（44.8％）经保守治疗治愈,14例（48.3％）行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术止血成功,经改进的保守治疗组成功率高于传统保守治疗组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2例（6.9％）患者最终行患肾切除术.无一例死亡.结论 MPCNL并发严重出血在选择性肾动脉栓塞术之前给予的干预治疗往往有效,如判断为静脉性出血经保守治疗无效时应果断行肾切除术.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗微创经皮肾取石术后严重出血46例报告

目的:探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血的原因和总结超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗的经验。方法:对2004年3月～2010年1月微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血需行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗46例病例进行回顾性分析。结果:46例经肾动脉造影证实22例假性动脉瘤,8例小动脉损伤,8例动静脉瘘,4例假性动脉瘤并动静脉瘘,4例未见动脉病变。46例患者中,36例行一次栓塞术后出血停止,5例行两次栓塞术后出血停止,4例肾动脉造影时未见异常,予灌注止血药物后治愈,1例栓塞术后出血停止但第2天突然死亡。结论:微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血主要与手术导致的肾血管损伤有关,超选择性肾动脉栓塞疗效安全确切。     

经皮肾镜取石碎石术术后大出血的介入治疗

目的评价超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜取石碎石术（PCNL）术后大出血经保守治疗无效的患者的价值。方法 2589例患者接受PCNL,46例术后出现明显出血,对其中37例保守治疗无效者行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术。结果超选择性肾动脉栓塞术术后,37例出血均得到有效控制,随访期间无再次血尿及其他严重并发症。结论超选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗PCNL术后大出血安全、有效的手段,可作为保守治疗无效患者的首选治疗方法。     

选择性肾动脉栓塞术在肾癌治疗中的应用及远期疗效观察(附98例报告)

目的探讨肾动脉永久栓塞术在肾癌治疗中的应用价值。方法对86例肾癌患者术前行选择性肾动脉栓塞术。采用选择性肾动脉栓塞术姑息治疗12例晚期肾癌患者。结果86例肾癌患者术前行肾动脉栓塞术后,平均出血量约为200mL,无1例并发症发生,12例晚期肾癌患者行栓塞术后肿块明显缩小,生活质量明显提高。结论在术前行选择性肾动脉栓塞术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

PCNL术后大出血的介入栓塞术治疗

目的 评价选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)后严重出血的效果.方法 收集本院14例PCNL后严重出血患者行选择性肾动脉栓塞止血治疗并进行评价.结果 13例患者行介入栓塞手术后成功止血,1例术中未见明显出血灶,经保守治疗后成功.结论 选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗PCNL后严重出血安全、有效的方法.     

Urgent superselective segmental renal artery embolization in the treatment of life-threatening renal hemorrhage

INTRODUCTION: Renal hemorrhage is a major life-threatening condition that can be caused by trauma, operation, biopsy, as well as sudden spontaneous rupture of renal tumors or aneurysms. We report our experience with superselective segmental renal artery catheterization and embolization as therapeutic options for such cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over the last 8 years, 28 patients with severe renal hemorrhage were admitted for evaluation and possible further treatment. Twenty of them had a history of previous biopsy (6 of them one of a transplanted kidney), 1 patient had a recent percutaneous nephrostomy, 4 patients presented with renal mass ruptures (2 patients renal cell carcinoma, 1 patient angiomyolipoma, 1 patient hemorrhagic cysts), 1 patient had rupture of a renal aneurysm during delivery, 1 patient suffered bleeding after partial nephrectomy, and 1 patient was hospitalized after a car accident. They all presented with clinical signs of hemodynamic instability. Angiographic investigation of the kidneys preceded further intervention in all cases. 26 out of the 28 patients underwent superselective embolization of the specific bleeding vessel with the use of microcoils and/or Gelfoam particles. RESULTS: All patients treated by superselective segmental renal artery embolization had a successful outcome, including a steady renal function and a stable clinical course. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Superselective segmental renal artery catheterization and embolization is a safe and efficient method for the treatment of patients with severe renal hemorrhage, preserving healthy renal parenchyma and renal function.     

外伤性肾动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断和治疗(附2例报告及文献复习)

目的:探讨外伤性肾动脉假性动脉瘤(Renal artery pseudoaneurysm,RAP)的诊断与治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2例RAP患者的临床资料:均为男性,年龄分别为17岁和42岁,临床主要表现为持续性出血或迟发性肉眼血尿。血管造影示损伤动脉活动性出血,肾内见充盈造影剂的囊腔状结构。2例患者均行超选择性血管栓塞治疗。结果:2例患者术后血尿或出血均消失,无并发症发生。术后3个月以上行CT检查,肾功能均未见异常。结论:RAP临床表现为持续性出血或迟发性肉眼血尿;血管造影在诊断RAP中具有重要价值;超选择性动脉栓塞是治疗RAP的安全、有效方法。     

选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜碎石术后大出血

目的：探讨肾动脉造影选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜碎石术后大出血的作用。方法：对8例经皮肾镜碎石术后大出血患者行肾动脉造影下选择性。肾动脉栓塞介入治疗。结果：7例患者一次性栓塞治疗有效,出血停止。1例患者反复2次栓塞后仍有出血。遂行肾切除术。结论：选择性肾动脉栓塞术是经皮肾镜碎石术后大出血的可靠治疗方法。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术后迟发性大出血的临床处理

目的：探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPcNL）后迟发性大出血的处理方法。方法：回顾性分析我院2006～2012年采用MPCNI．后发生迟发性大出血患者的临床资料：严重迟发性大出血15例,男9例,女6例,出血时间为术后3～15d,出血持续时间为2～12d;失血量2002000ml,平均600ml。8例夹闭肾造瘘管,给予制动卧床、补液扩容、止血、抗感染等对症治疗;2例拔除肾造瘘管过程中出血,重新插入肾造瘘管压迫止血,1个月后拔除肾造瘘管;5例行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,其中1例治疗失败改行肾切除术。结果：本组15例患者随访半年,未见再次出血,肾功能良好。结论：MPCNL术后迟发性大出血一般可经保守治愈;对于严重出血者,可行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,效果良好。     

超选择性动脉栓塞治疗严重鼻出血

目的观察超选择性动脉栓塞治疗严重鼻出血的临床效果和并发症。方法对22例严重鼻出血患者进行超选择上颌动脉造影,证实出血部位后用明胶海绵、真丝线段栓塞出血动脉。结果22例患者均发现出血动脉,栓塞后达到立即止血目的,1例于栓塞后30min发生右侧眼睛视野中间区域缺损,扩血管、皮下注射肝素钙,注射后30min视野逐渐恢复,3h后视野完全恢复正常。结论超选择性上颌动脉栓塞治疗严重鼻出血具有止血迅速、效果确切、创伤小、恢复快的优点,可作为治疗严重鼻出血的常规手段,在治疗严重鼻出血时应积极使用此项技术。     

Superselective Embolization for Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: An Institutional Review Over 7 Years

INTRODUCTION: Superselective embolization of visceral arterial branches has become integral in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. The present study aimed to evaluate the success of superselective embolization as a primary therapeutic modality in the control of lower GI hemorrhage and to identify factors associated with rebleeding and surgical intervention after the procedure. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all cases of superselective embolization for acute lower GI bleeding during a 7-year period (December 2000-October 2007) in a single 1,300-bed hospital in Singapore. Hemostasis was achieved with microcoils, polyvinyl alcohol particles, gelfoam, or by selective vasopressin infusion. Various clinical and hematologic factors were analyzed against rebleeding and surgical intervention after the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 265 patients underwent mesenteric angiography for GI hemorrhage. Superselective embolization of visceral vessels for lower GI hemorrhage was performed in 32 patients (12%) whose median age was 66 years (range: 34-82 years). The group was of similar gender distribution, and the median follow-up was 8 months (range: 1-32 months). Location was the small bowel in 19% and the colon in 81%. The underlying etiologies included diverticular disease (59%), angiodysplasia (19%), ulcers (19%), and malignancy (3%). In 31 patients (97%) technical success was achieved, with immediate cessation of hemorrhage in every case. Clinical success was achieved in 20 patients (63%), all of whom were discharged well with no further intervention. Seven patients rebled, and 9 underwent surgery: 1 for incomplete hemostasis, 4 for rebleeding, 1 for infarcted bowel postembolization, and 3 on the basis of the surgeon's decision. There were 2 anastomotic leaks; 1 after surgery for postembolization ischemia and 1 after surgery for rebleeding. Overall mortality in this series was 9%. Rebleeding was more likely to occur if the site of bleeding was located in the small bowel compared to the colon (OR: 8.33, 95% CI 1.03-66.67). It was also more likely in patients with a hematocrit level 相似文献   

Clinical efficacy of superselective arterial embolization in the treatment of hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor

<正>Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of superselective arterial embolization in controlling hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor. Methods:From February 1990 to January 2008,44 patients with hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor(including 29 cases of choriocarcinoma and 15 cases of invasive mole) were treated with superselective arterial embolization.The hemorrhage sites included uterus(40 cases),cervical metastasis(1 case) and vaginal metastasis (3 cases). Results:In 41 cases(93.2%),superselective arterial embolization successfully controlled the hemorrhage. Hysterectomy was performed in the 3 failed cases and uterine perforation was revealed by laparotomy.Five patients had normal term delivery after successful superselective arterial embolization and chemotherapy,and two patients are now in the healthy second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion:Superselective arterial embolization can effectively control the hemorrhage from malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor.