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1.
目的 :探讨腹腔镜微创手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的适应证及手术方法。方法 :对 18例直径小于 6cm的肾上腺肿瘤患者行后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术 (后腹腔镜组 ) ;对 3例最大直径为 10~ 17cm的肾上腺肿瘤患者行手助腹腔镜肾上腺切除术 (手助腹腔镜组 ) ,并观察手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间和住院时间。结果 :2 1例患者中 ,2 0例成功。其中后腹腔镜组手术时间 2 5~ 135min ,平均 (82 .8± 31.1)min ,术中出血量 6 5~ 16 0ml,平均 (113.4± 31.8)ml,均未输血。手助腹腔镜组手术时间 180~ 2 10min ,术中出血量 80~ 6 0 0ml。两组患者均于术后 2天排气 ,1~ 3天下床活动 ,术后住院 3~ 7天。结论 :与开放手术相比 ,后腹腔镜肾上腺手术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点 ;手助腹腔镜为巨大肾上腺肿瘤切除提供了微创手术的新方式。  相似文献   

2.
目的 比较微波子宫内膜去除术(MEA)和子宫切除术(AH)治疗异常子宫出血的疗效.方法 将异常子宫出血80例分为MEA组和AH组各40例,比较两组临床疗效、手术时间、术中出血及手术前后白细胞变化. 结果 MEA和AH治疗异常子宫出血的有效率无显著差异(39/40 vs 40/40,χ2=0.000,P=1.000).MEA手术时间短[(4.8±1.2)min vs(102.5±34.6)min,t=17.848,P=0.000];术中出血少[0 ml vs(138.3±40.6)ml,t=21.544,P=0.000]. 结论 MEA是一种治疗异常子宫出血有效且微创的手术.  相似文献   

3.
手助腹腔镜扩大右半结肠切除血管骨骼化淋巴清扫术   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
目的探讨手助腹腔镜(HALS)能否模拟完成扩大右半结肠切除术中血管骨骼化淋巴结清扫。方法2001年11月至2004年9月由同一组医生对30例右半结肠癌患者分别完成HALS(腹腔镜组)和开腹手术(开腹组),各15例。分析比较两组患者的临床资料。结果腹腔镜组与开腹组的手术时间分别为(214.0±16.5)min和(245.0±24.6)min(t=2.248,P<0.05);术中出血量分别为(78.4±24.3)ml与(203.3±48.5)ml(t=4.927,P<0.05);术后肛门排气时间分别为(53.4±6.7)h与(67.3±9.7)h(t=2.530,P<0.05);术后住院天数分别为(11.5±1.11)d与(17.9±4.0)d(t=3.413,P<0.05);肠旁各站淋巴结数N1分别为(15.3±2.6)枚与(16.2±3.3)枚(t=0.48,P>0.05);N2分别为(5.6±1.6)枚与(5.9±2.2)枚(t=0.213,P>0.05),N3分别为(4.3±2.2)枚与(6.1±1.5)枚(t=1.429,P>0.05),两组患者术后并发症发生率分别为20.0%(3/15)与33.3%(5/15),(χ2=0.0227,P>0.05)。结论HALS可以很好地完成扩大右半结肠切除、术中血管骨骼化淋巴清扫这一高难度手术。  相似文献   

4.
腹腔镜切除5~10 cm肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的安全性分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 探讨5~10 cm肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤腹腔镜切除术的安全性. 方法 2001年1月至2007年6月在北京大学第一医院泌尿外科行肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除的连续79例患者中肿瘤最大径5~10 cm者共41例,回顾分析其临床资料.腹腔镜组11例(其中2例中转开放,数据分析时排除在外),开放手术组30例.应用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验对两组患者的临床资料及围手术期数据进行分析. 结果 两组患者年龄、肿瘤最大径、术前最高收缩压及舒张压、术前心率、血儿茶酚胺水平的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).腹腔镜组均经腹膜后途径.开放手术组经腹腔途径11例,经腹膜后途径19例.两组患者手术时间分别为(132±54)min和(178±64)min;术中出血量分别为100 ml(0~800 m1)和450 ml(0~9500 ml);术后住院时间分别为(7±2)d和(9±4)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).腹腔镜组术中均未输血,开放手术组术中输血量的中位值为225 ml(0~3800 ml).2组患者术中最高血压、最低血压、最快心率、最慢心率、收缩压增加基础血压30%的次数、收缩压≥200 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)次数、收缩压≤90 mm Hg次数、心率≥110次/min次数、心率≤50次/min次数的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者引流量、拔管时间、住ICU时间、术后开始进食时间、住院费用差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 腹腔镜切除5~10 cm肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、术后住院日较开放手术有优势,且术中血压、心率波动等指标不高于开放手术.因此,5~10 cm的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤不是腹腔镜的绝对禁忌,经验丰富的术者可以考虑开展腹腔镜手术切除较大肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤.  相似文献   

5.
血管内超声定位下主动脉夹层球囊开窗术的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 观察血管内超声 (IVUS)定位下主动脉夹层球囊开窗术的疗效。方法 制作犬降主动夹层模型 (n =8) ,在IVUS定位下行球囊开窗术。观察夹层远端血压和血流量以及真假腔血压差、面积和形态等的变化 ,评价球囊开窗术的有效性。比较IVUS测得的夹层长度与解剖学长度 ,测量开窗后残留夹层的长度 ,评价IVUS定位的准确性。结果 夹层远端血压和血流量由( 10 4± 8)mmHg和 ( 61± 12 )ml/min下降为夹层形成后的 ( 5 2± 2 0 )mmHg和 ( 2 7± 11)ml/min(P <0 .0 1) ,开窗后恢复为 ( 10 0± 8)mmHg和 ( 5 9± 12 )ml/min( P >0 .0 5 )。真假腔血压差在夹层形成后为 ( 5 9± 15 )mmHg ,开窗后为 ( 11± 4)mmHg( P <0 .0 1)。假腔面积和百分比由夹层形成后的 ( 5 6.4± 10 .3 )mm2 和 ( 64 .0± 10 .9) %下降为开窗后的 ( 4 4.5± 6.4)mm2 和 ( 5 1.3± 5 .8) %(P <0 .0 1)。夹层形态由凹陷型转变为开窗后的凸出型。IVUS测得的夹层长度与解剖学长度明显相关 (r=0 .97,P <0 .0 1)。开窗后残留夹层的长度≤ 3mm。结论 IVUS定位下的球囊开窗术是治疗夹层引起的外周动脉缺血的有效方法。  相似文献   

6.
围手术期输血与肝脏术后感染并发症的关系   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
目的 回顾性分析 1 30例肝脏手术患者围手术期输血与术后感染并发症发生率和死亡率的关系 ,探讨减少肝脏手术中失血的措施。方法 将 1 30例肝脏手术患者根据围手术期输血与否分为输血组 (78例 )和未输血组 (52例 ) ,对两组患者术后淋巴细胞总数、感染并发症发生率及死亡率、术后抗生素应用时间及住院时间进行比较。结果 输血组术后淋巴细胞总数明显低于未输血组 (P<0 .0 5) ,术后感染并发症的发生率和死亡率分别为 38.5 %和 1 6 .7% ,均高于未输血组的 1 1 .5 %和 3 .8% (P<0 .0 5) ;术后抗生素应用时间和住院时间分别为 (9.7± 4 .2 )d和 (1 8.7± 1 3 .1 )d ,高于未输血组的 (5 .3± 2 .3)d和 (1 2 .7± 5 .2 )d (P<0 .0 0 1 )。结论 肝脏手术围手术期输血与术后感染并发症发生有关。采取有效措施控制肝脏手术中失血量和 /或减少输血量可能有助于降低术后感染并发症的发生率和死亡率。  相似文献   

7.
后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾蒂淋巴管结扎治疗乳糜尿   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的 评价后腹腔镜技术行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术的临床效果,并与传统开放手术比较。方法 确诊乳糜尿的患者 53例,年龄 30~68岁。病变位于左侧 29例,右侧 22例,双侧2例。分别经腹膜后腹腔镜(A组, 41例, 43侧)以及传统开放手术 (B组, 12例, 12侧)行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术,比较两组的术中并发症、手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间以及术后住院时间等。 结果 53例术后均恢复顺利,乳糜尿消失。A组中发生下腔静脉(IVC)损伤1例,于腹腔镜下成功修补;B组中1例肾节段动脉误扎端端吻合成功, 1例伤口延迟愈合。随访时间 6 ~84个月,A、B两组各有1例复发。A、B两组手术时间分别为(66. 6±20. 3)min和(147. 5±28. 8)min,P<0. 0001;术中出血量分别为(33. 7±29. 3)ml和(118. 3±65. 9 )ml,P<0. 001;肠道功能恢复时间分别为 ( 26. 6±13. 8 )h和(48. 0±25. 1)h,P<0. 0001;引流管留置时间分别为(1. 7±0. 7)d和(2. 8±1. 7)d,P<0. 001;术后住院时间分别为(3. 7±0. 9)d和(7. 5±1. 4)d,P<0. 0001。 结论 腹膜后腹腔镜技术行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,疗效满意,患者较易接受。  相似文献   

8.
等离子电切与TURP手术优缺点之比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 了解经尿道等离子前列腺电切(PKRP)与经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)手术主要优缺点.方法 分别对近3年来76例PKRP、98例TURP进行回顾性比较.结果 等离子组手术时间(80.60±22.00)min,平均出血(50.00±15.00)ml,输血占1.78%(1/56).Qmax由术前(7.48±4.60)ml/s升至(12.375±5.25)ml/s,IPSS由术前(21.75±4.98)分降至术后(13.05±5.50)分,RUV(残余尿)由术前(88.25±52.00)ml降至(12.38±15.00)ml;TURP组手术时间(48.10±23.40)min,平均出血(134.2±90.6)ml,输血占3.8%(3/78).Qmax由术前(9.30±3.10)ml/s升至(21.40±4.50)ml/s,IPSS由术前(24.00±6.60)分降至术后(9.30±5.60)分,RUV由术前(82.40±29.30)ml降至(32.10±9.70)ml.结论 PKRP与TURP手术效果相近,并发症发生率低于TURP.  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床效果.方法 将1998年8月~2004年12月术前确诊为子宫内膜癌的患者60例分为2组,分别施以腹腔镜下及腹式广泛子宫切除,术中根据子宫肌层受侵情况决定是否行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,前瞻性研究两组围手术期及生存情况.结果 与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组手术时间长[(247.8±77.8)min vs(196.6±63.7)min,t=2.789,P=0.007],术中出血量相近[(265.0±187.6)ml vs(350.0±210.9)ml,t=-1.649,P=0.104],切除盆腔淋巴结数量相近[(22.0±5.0)个vs(22.8±5.2)个,t=-0.607,P=0.546],术后并发症发生率差异无显著性(10/30 vs15/30,χ2=1.714,P=0.190),术后肛门排气时间早[(44.3±11.1)min vs(55.2±12.8)min,t=-3.524,P=0.000],住院时间短[(8.7±3.2)d vs(10.2±2.0)d,t=-2.177,P=0.034].腹腔镜组随访(28.6±17.4)月,均无瘤存活;开腹组随访(28.9±16.6)月,3例因转移或复发死亡.结论 腹腔镜手术可达到与开腹手术一样的效果,可以作为治疗子宫内膜癌的术式之一,但应在有条件的医院逐步开展.  相似文献   

10.
目的 总结经尿道前列腺电汽化术 (TVP)治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的围手术期处理经验。 方法 回顾性分析 1 998年 6月~ 2 0 0 2年 9月应用TVP治疗BPH 6 93例。 结果 手术时间 2 5min~ 1 30min ,平均 5 4min。术中 4例出现经尿道前列腺电切综合征的早期症状 ,均予以及时纠正 ,无手术死亡。 4 2 2例术后随访 3月~ 9月 ,IPSS由术前 (2 4 8± 3 2 )分下降至3月后的 (1 1 4± 1 9)分 (t=5 4 8,P <0 0 0 1 ) ,最大尿流率由术前 (8 2± 2 0 )ml/s上升至 3月后的 (1 6 1± 4 7)ml/s(t=3 92 ,P<0 0 0 1 )。 结论 BPH围手术期处理的关键力求个体化 ,积极治疗伴随症是围手术期处理的重点与难点  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

15.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

16.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

19.
Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg?1 · min?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min?1 · m?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO2I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m2 · m2; VO2I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m2 · m2), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.  相似文献   

20.
Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg?1. The mean ED50s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg?1, 3.9 μg · kg?1 and 0.4 mg · kg?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg?1 and 8 μg · kg?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.  相似文献   

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