盆底康复治疗在不同分娩方式女性中的治疗效果分析

目的研究不同分娩方式对女性盆底功能的影响及盆底康复治疗效果。方法选取2017年6月至2018年6月于南华大学附属第二医院初次妊娠分娩的女性94例为研究对象,其中自然分娩产妇47例(自然分娩组),剖宫产产妇47例(剖宫产组)。两组产妇均在产后6～8周接受早期盆底康复治疗。观察比较两组产妇治疗前后盆底肌群肌力及肌电位。结果两组产妇的年龄及新生儿体重比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者盆底康复治疗后均获得不同程度盆底肌力及肌电位的改善,有效率85.11%～95.75%。治疗前剖宫产组Ⅰ类肌群肌力显著高于自然分娩组(P0.05),而Ⅱ类肌群肌力与自然分娩组无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗前剖宫产组肌电位显著高于自然分娩组(P0.05)。治疗后剖宫产组Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌群肌力及肌电位均显著高于自然分娩组(P0.05)。结论早期盆底康复治疗能有效增强盆底肌群肌力及神经功能,能够促进盆底功能的恢复。自然分娩对盆底肌肉损伤更大。     

生物反馈盆底肌肉锻炼在产妇产后盆底功能康复治疗中的应用

目的探讨生物反馈盆底肌肉锻炼在产妇产后盆底功能康复治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2017-02—2018-02间郑州大学第一附属医院收治的100例分娩产妇,根据产后盆底功能康复治疗方法的差异分为2组,每组50例。对照组产妇给予常规盆底肌肉锻炼,观察组产妇在对照组基础上应用生物反馈仪进行康复治疗。结果盆底功能康复治疗2个月,产后102 d时,观察组产妇盆底肌力分级明显高于对照组,盆底肌最大肌电压及盆底肌持续收缩60 s的肌电压均明显高于对照组,产妇的尿道膀胱后角和尿道膀胱连接部的移动度小于对照组,膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘距离高于对照组。以上指标的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对产妇使用生物反馈治疗仪康复治疗,有助于促进产妇产后盆底功能恢复,预防盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生,可显著改善产妇产后的生活质量。     

不同分娩方式对产后早期盆底肌力影响及电刺激联合生物反馈等盆底肌康复治疗体会

目的分析顺产与剖宫产分娩方式对初产妇产后近期盆底肌力的影响及电刺激联合生物反馈等盆底肌康复治疗的效果。方法选取2017-12—2018-06间在黄河中心医院分娩的80例初产妇。根据分娩方式分为顺产组和剖宫产组,每组40例。产后6周应用PHENIX USB2检测仪量化评估盆底肌力后,对初筛结果盆底肌力下降(≤Ⅲ级)的初产妇均采用电刺激联合生物反馈等盆底肌康复治疗后再次检测产妇盆底肌力。结果剖宫产组产后42 d后盆底肌力下降率低于顺产组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。剖宫产组中肌力下降的初产妇治疗后有效率(盆底肌力Ⅲ级)高于顺产组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论剖宫产初产妇产后盆底肌力下降率低于顺产产妇,但不能成为避免盆底肌肉受损程度而选择分娩方式的依据。无论何种分娩方式,术后出现盆底肌力受损的初产妇通过电刺激联合生物反馈治疗,可有效改善盆底功能障碍。     

产后盆底肌力评定分析

目的:了解产妇对产后盆底康复技术知识及重要性的重视程度.方法:对150例产后42天常规盆底肌力评定,盆底肌力<3级135例,进行盆底康复治疗20例.结果:90%产后妇女盆底肌力差,需做盆底康复治疗,但做治疗的妇女只有15%.     

基于信息化管理平台的延续护理对产妇盆底功能康复的影响

目的 探讨基于信息化管理平台的延续护理对产妇盆底功能康复的影响.方法 将134例自然分娩的产妇按照意愿分为观察组(n=67名)和对照组(n=67名),两组住院期间按常规进行产后护理,并由责任护士指导产妇行盆底功能训练.出院后对照组由专人负责进行电话随访,每2周1次,连续3个月;观察组出院后开展基于信息化管理平台的延续护理.干预前和干预后3个月评价产妇盆底肌力、盆底肌电位及盆底功能障碍得分情况.结果 干预后,两组Ⅰ、Ⅱ类盆底肌纤维力和肌电位显著改善,且观察组显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);两组盆底功能障碍评分显著降低,观察组显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 对产妇实施基于信息化管理平台的延续护理,可以提升产妇盆底肌力和肌电位,有效改善其盆底功能.     

椎管内阻滞用于分娩镇痛对产后早期盆底功能的影响

目的探讨椎管内阻滞用于分娩镇痛对初产妇早期盆底功能和盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)发生的影响。方法随机选择我院阴道分娩并于分娩后6~8周复查的初产妇292例,根据分娩方式均分为椎管内阻滞分娩镇痛组(A组)和非镇痛组(B组),检测盆底肌力、疲劳度和动态压力以评估产后早期盆底功能;采用一般问卷调查和盆底器官脱垂(POP-Q)法了解产后早期PFD发生情况,记录两组产妇早期盆底功能受损及压力性尿失禁(SUI)、盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的发生率。结果产后6~8周盆底功能受损发生率A组为87例(59.6%),B组为94例(64.4%),两组盆底功能受损发生率差异无统计学意义;产后6~8周POP的发生率A组为55例(37.7%),B组为61例(41.8%);SUI的发生率A组6例(4.1%),B组为5例(3.4%);两组POP、SUI发生率差异无统计学意义。结论阴道分娩可使产后早期发生盆底功能损伤,椎管内分娩镇痛不增加产后早期盆底损伤的风险并有改善女性盆底功能受损的可能。     

针刺联合生物反馈治疗女性产后盆底失弛缓综合征

为探讨针刺联合生物反馈治疗女性产后盆底失弛缓综合征的疗效,选取产后42d的产妇进行盆底肌电图及肛管压力测定,评估其盆底功能,将临床便秘症状明显的40例产后盆底失弛缓综合征患者作为观察对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例。对照组患者自己进行提肛锻炼,治疗组在对照组基础上应用针刺联合生物反馈治疗。比较两组在治疗前、后盆底肌力测定数据及临床症状的改善情况。结果显示,两组患者治疗后盆底肌力情况改善不明显;但肛门压力及临床症状得到明显改善,治疗组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结果表明,针刺联合生物反馈治疗可有效改善女性产后盆底肛门压力及临床症状,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

盆底康复操锻炼对产妇产后盆底肌力及心理状态的影响

目的探讨盆底康复操锻炼对减少产后并发症、改善产妇心理状态及盆底肌力的作用。方法将自然分娩的初产妇按住院号奇偶数分为对照组54例和干预组55例。对照组采取常规护理模式,干预组在常规护理基础上于产后采取盆底康复操锻炼方案,比较两组产后14周内并发症发生情况、盆底肌力及心理变化。结果干预组产后尿失禁、子宫复旧不全及产后失眠等并发症发生率显著低于对照组(均P0.05);干预组在产后6周及14周时盆底肌力显著优于对照组(均P0.01);产后14周干预组SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组(均P0.01)。结论产后盆底康复操的应用,可规范引导产妇进行有效的盆底功能锻炼,促进产后盆底肌功能恢复,减少产后并发症的发生,改善产妇的心理状态。     

盆底重建术后肌电生物反馈治疗的疗效分析

目的 评价盆底重建术后肌电生物反馈疗法进行盆底肌肉康复效果. 方法 回顾分析本院2009年5月至2010年12月行盆底重建术患者43例,术后随机分为研究组(23例)与对照组(20例),研究组术后3月给予盆底肌电生物反馈治疗,对照组无殊处理.术后3、6、12月随访两组盆底肌电值、肌力提升和P-QOL量分. 结果 与术后3月组比较,研究组术后6、12月盆底Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维电位值、肌力均呈上升趋势,P-QOL量分呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 盆底重建术后肌电生物反馈疗法能够提升盆底肌表面肌电值与肌力,改善患者生活质量.     

妊娠晚期及产后6周的盆底电生理指标分析

目的比较妊娠晚期和产后6周的盆底表面肌电值,探讨产科因素的相关影响。方法选择2016年11月至2017年1月于我院建档产检的单胎妊娠且既往无盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的女性为研究对象(共162例),分别于妊娠晚期(妊娠36～38周)、产后(分娩后6周)进行盆底肌电值检测。并根据不同年龄(≥35岁、35岁)、体重指数(BMI)(≥28kg/m~2、28kg/m~2)、新生儿体重(3 500g、≤3 500g)、产次(初产、经产)进行分组,比较各组的盆底肌电参数。结果 162例产妇妊娠晚期和产后6周的盆底表面肌电平均值与参考值比较均有明显变化;妊娠晚期的快肌上升时间、慢肌变异系数显著高于产后6周,慢肌平均值显著低于产后6周(P0.05)。分析年龄、BMI、新生儿体重、产次对盆底功能的影响发现,高龄组的慢肌平均值显著低于非高龄组,肥胖组的慢肌平均值显著高于非肥胖组(P0.05)。结论妊娠和分娩是影响盆底肌功能的因素之一,妊娠晚期盆底功能较产后6周更差;年龄和BMI对妊娠晚期盆底肌功能有一定影响,但仍然存在争议。     

Management of complex pelvic floor disorders in a multidisciplinary pelvic floor clinic

Objective To identify symptom clusters, management strategies and survey patient satisfaction in our combined multidisciplinary pelvic floor clinic (PFC). Method Retrospective cohort study, patient satisfaction questionnaire. Sample: Secondary and tertiary referrals with complex pelvic floor disorders. Main outcome measures: symptom clusters and treatment received; patient satisfaction. Results A total of 113 new cases over a 3‐year period. There were two main symptom clusters: (i) obstructed defaecation with rectoceles (n = 55); of these, 23 had abdominal sacrocolpopexy with rectopexy, six had transvaginal rectocele repairs; and (ii) of the 33 with double incontinence, 10 had anal sphincter repairs, five had tension‐free vaginal tapes and two had colposuspensions. Patient satisfaction audit: 73% found the care to be excellent/good, 12% satisfactory and 6% unsatisfactory. Conclusion Combined PFCs led to a more pragmatic approach in treating patients’ symptoms. Combined surgery was undertaken in one‐fourth of patients and is associated with cost savings and a single recuperation period. Overall, patients rated this service very highly.     

Female pelvic floor reflex responses

The object of this work was to study bulbocavernosus and deep pudendal reflex (BCR and DPR) latencies and amplitudes as an indicator of pelvic nerve damage in patients with pelvic floor disorders, with or without a previous surgery. 124 women were studied: 68 were normal, 38 had genital prolapse (GP) and 18 had recurrent GP. Clinical and urodynamic studies were carried out. Delayed reflex responses were found in 44/56 patients (79%), 27/38 in the genital prolapse group (71%) and 17/18 in the group with recurrent GP (94%). Thus the evaluation of pelvic floor reflex responses is a test that can be taken into account in the diagnosis of management of pelvic floor disorders.     

Relations between pregnancy-related low back pain, pelvic floor activity and pelvic floor dysfunction

To assess the occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in pregnancy- related low back and pelvic pain (PLBP) patients, a cross-sectional study was performed, comprising 77 subjects. Each subject underwent physical assessment, and filled in the Urogenital Distress Inventory completed with gynaecological questions. Differences in the presence of PFD between PLBP patients and healthy controls as well as differences in pelvic floor muscle activity were tested for significance. Interaction by age and vaginal delivery were tested. PFD occurred in 52% of all PLBP patients, significantly more than in the healthy control group. In PLBP patients a significantly increased activity of the pelvic floor muscles could be demonstrated with respect to healthy controls. The occurrence of PFD and PLBP was influenced by a confounding effect of age. Clinicians should be aware of the relation between PLBP and PFD and hence address both problems at the same time.     

超声成像参数对初产妇产后初期盆底功能障碍的意义

目的 探讨初产妇产后盆底超声参数对盆底功能障碍（PFD）的提示意义。方法 分析280例产妇的一般资料及盆腔超声检查参数,按照生产方式将其分为自然分娩组（153例）和剖宫产组（127例）,根据产后1年内是否出现PFD再分为PFD亚组和对照亚组。比较新生儿体质量、头径和产后盆腔超声参数：膀胱尿道后角（PUA）、膀胱颈移动度（BND）、尿道旋转角（URA）、逼尿肌厚度（DWT）及肛提肌裂口面积（LHA）等,绘制各参数诊断PFD的ROC曲线,计算AUC,评价其诊断效能,选取诊断效能较高的参数进行Logistic回归分析,观察其与PFD的相关性。结果 不同生产方式下,PFD亚组和对照亚组BND、URA、静息及瓦式动作下LHA差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。自然分娩组及剖宫产组中,PFD发病独立危险因素分别为新生儿体质量、BND、URA、LHA及BND、URA、LHA,而产后盆底康复为其保护因素（P均<0.05）。结论 初产妇产后初期超声参数可作为PFD发病的提示指标。     

Surgery for pelvic floor disorders

By careful observation of the physical findings in the patient complaining of one of the disorders of genital prolapse, it should be possible to discern the origin of the symptoms and therefore to devise an appropriate treatment that would remedy by reconstruction all of the signs of anatomic weakness. The goals of reconstructive surgery are three: to relieve the symptoms, to restore the anatomy to normal, and to restore the function to normal. When any element of weakness in the pelvic floor is found to be sufficient to produce symptoms that warrant repair, it is the responsibility of the surgeon to identify all the sites of weakness, so that all may be repaired at the same time, sparing the patient the expense, pain, and inconvenience of future readmission for further surgery. These weaknesses all relate to deficiencies of the six major organ systems that are involved in the support of the female pelvis, which may be damaged singly or in any combination. There are various types of cystocele, each of which must be carefully excised if an appropriate surgical treatment is to be given. This may involve correction of cystocele, enterocele, rectocele, prolapse of the uterus, and posthysterectomy prolapse of the vaginal vault. With enterocele, it is possible to correlate the four common types of enterocele with their location, which in turn correlates directly with their treatment. The prevention of complications is emphasized along with the treatment of certain mechanical complications easily recognized at the time of surgery.     

Early post-prostatectomy pelvic floor biofeedback

PURPOSE: We determined whether biofeedback enhanced pelvic floor exercises begun 6 weeks after radical prostatectomy improve the early recovery of continence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomized 30 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy into a group that received 5 biofeedback sessions and a control group. RESULTS: Overall 87% of patients were pad-free at 6 months with similar results in the treatment and control groups (86% versus 88%). There was no statistically significant difference in pad test results or voiding diary records in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A treatment program of biofeedback enhanced pelvic floor exercises begun 6 weeks after radical retropubic prostatectomy did not significantly affect continence in this study.