改良侧方纵切横缝内括约肌切断术治疗肛裂的临床效果观察

目的研究改良侧方纵切横缝内括约肌切断术治疗肛裂的临床效果。方法将本院收治的者68例肛裂患根据采用便利分组法分为观察组和对照组,每组34例。对照组采用侧位开放式肛裂切除术,观察组采用改良侧方纵切横缝内括约肌切断术。观察两组的各项临床指标和治疗效果。结果观察组肛裂患者的临床总有效率、术后轻度疼痛比例均高于对照组(均P0.05),治疗后的肛管直径更长,切口愈合时间以及住院时间更短,并发症发生率更少,均优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论改良侧方纵切横缝内括约肌切断术应用在肛裂的治疗中有效性和安全性良好,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

比较纵切横缝内括约肌切断术与开放式侧位肛裂切除术治疗老年肛裂患者的效果

目的比较纵切横缝内括约肌切断术与开放式侧位肛裂切除术治疗老年肛裂患者的效果。方法根据手术方案不同将2017-06—2019-01间收治的76例老年肛裂患者分为2组,每组38例。A组行纵切横缝内括约肌切断术,B组行开放式侧位肛裂切除术。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果A组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,以及术后切口愈合时间、住院时间、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和白介素-8(IL-8)水平等指标,均显著优于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与开放式侧位肛裂切除术比较,纵切横缝内括约肌切断术可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,加快术后康复,降低手术应激反应。     

纵切横缝术治疗慢性肛裂疗效观察

目的探索更有效治疗慢性肛裂的术式。方法选择慢性肛裂60例,随机分为两组,一组行传统肛裂切除扩肛术,另一组行肛裂纵切横缝术,对术后并发症及临床效果进行统计学比较(卡方检验)。结果治疗组较对照组术后疼痛、尿潴留、出血等大幅减少(P0.01),创面愈合时间明显缩短(P0.01),肛裂复发率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论肛裂纵切横缝术可明显缩短术后愈合时间,显著降低术后复发率,是治疗慢性肛裂最有效的术式。     

改良纵切横缝术治疗慢性肛裂的临床研究

目的探讨改良纵切横缝术治疗慢性肛裂的临床疗效。方法将80例慢性肛裂患者随机分成2组,治疗组（40例）采用改良纵切横缝术：对照组（40例）采用常规纵切横缝术。对2组患者的术后疗效、愈合时间、术后并发症等进行观察比较。结果观察组与对照组在肛管直径变化无明显差异（P〉0.05）;切口平均愈合时间,观察组12.15±2.55d,对照组15.99±3.36d,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;术后并发症发生率（切口疼痛、切口水肿、切口感染、排尿障碍）观察组少于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;随访6个月,两组共80例患者均无复发。结论改良纵切横缝术治疗慢性肛裂的临床疗效优于纵切横缝术,尤其是在切口愈合时间、降低手术后切口水肿、疼痛、感染方面具有明显优势;具有操作简便,与纵切横缝术相比不增加手术的难度,易于掌握,便于临床推广。     

纵切横缝术与改良纵切横缝术治疗慢性肛裂的临床对比研究

目的：寻求慢性肛裂的最佳手术方法。方法：将80例慢性肛裂病人随机分成2组，对照组（40例）采用常规纵切横缝术；治疗组（40例）采用改良纵切横缝术。对2组患者的术后疗效、愈合时间、术后并发症等进行观察分析。结果：对照组与治疗组在愈合时间，术后并发症方面有显著差异。结论：改良术式操作简便，疗效确切，便于临床推广使用。     

复合手术治疗陈旧性肛裂

目的探讨复合手术治疗陈旧性肛裂的疗效。方法应用复合手术治疗陈旧性肛裂79例，复合手术采用内括约肌后侧方潜行切开术加上肛裂纵切横缝术。结果79例均一次性治愈，疗程8～14天，平均9．8天，无复发、肛门失禁及狭窄。结论陈旧性肛裂采取复合手术治疗，创面愈合时间短，疗效确切、安全。     

肛内超声对闭式皮下括约肌侧切术后的评估

采用闭式或开放式皮下内括约肌侧切术已被推荐为治疗慢性肛裂的选择方法,治愈率和有效率>95％,肛管内超声(AE)能很好展示整个肛管结构尤其是肛管内括约肌(IAS)图像,近来已被用于评估括约肌侧切术治疗慢性肛裂的程度和手术缺陷。本研究旨在应用AE评估闭式皮下括约肌侧切术(ClSS)后内括约肌横纵切开程度以及与肛裂复发和术后排粪失禁的相互关系。     

慢性肛裂手术方法的改进

目的探讨预防慢性肛裂手术并发症的技巧。方法回顾性分析近3年笔者所在单位收治的63例慢性肛裂患者的临床资料,男21例,女42例,年龄(34±12)岁(17～51岁),均行肛裂切除术,并在处理内括约肌时采用橡皮筋结扎法,观察术后并发症的发生情况。结果所有患者术后恢复良好,无一例出现术后大出血、肛裂复发、肛门失禁等并发症。结论通过采用橡皮筋结扎法处理内括约肌,避免了术后并发症的发生,该方法值得推广。     

纵切横缝内括约肌切断术治疗老年肛裂病人的疗效分析

目的探讨纵切横缝内括约肌切断术对老年肛裂病人临床治疗效果。方法老年肛裂病人86例,随机分为两组,对照组采用开放式侧位肛裂切除术,研究组应用纵切横缝内括约肌切断术,分析两组病人术后炎症反应情况、手术情况、术后并发症以及整体治疗效果。结果对照组手术时间为(42.5±3.2)分钟、出血量(4.8±1.7)ml、住院时间(10.38±1.9)天,愈合时间(7.3±1.3)天;研究组手术时间为(37.4±2.1分钟、出血量(1.9±0.7)ml、住院时间(7.3±1.6)天,愈合时间(5.4±0.5)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组治疗有效率为97.7%,对照组为76.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前两组病人C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-8水平比较无明显差异(P0.05),研究组术后1天和3天CRP水平分别为(15.2±2.4)ng/ml和(5.2±0.2)ng/ml,IL-8水平分别为(6.3±0.4)ng/ml和(0.3±0.1)ng/ml,对照组CRP水平为(23.4±4.3)ng/ml和(7.4±0.5)ng/ml,IL-8水平分别为(10.2±0.6)ng/ml和(0.5±0.2)ng/ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后并发症发生率为11.6%,对照组为41.9%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年肛裂病人采用纵切横缝内括约肌切断术治疗,可获得较好的临床效果。     

内括约肌侧方切开术治疗肛裂30例疗效观察

为探讨白内向外内括约肌侧方切开术治疗肛裂的疗效,将60例肛裂患者随机分为两组即观察组和对照组,每组各30例。观察组采用自内向外内括约肌侧方切开术治疗,对照组采用开放式内括约肌后方切开术治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、创口愈合时间、住院时间及术后疼痛评分情况,并进行统计分析。结果显示,观察组在手术时间、创口愈合时间、住院时间及术后疼痛评分方面均优于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结果表明,自内向外内括约肌侧方切开术治疗肛裂安全有效,术后疼痛轻,并发症少,恢复快。     

肛裂切除术联合术后化学性内括约肌切开疗效观察

目的探讨肛裂切除术联合术后化学性内括约肌切开的临床疗效。方法将2013-09—2015-09间到山东省千佛山医院治疗的112例肛裂患者随机分为2组,治疗组为肛裂切除术联合术后化学性内括约肌切开术(局部涂抹硝酸异山梨酯(ISDN)软膏),对照组为单纯肛裂切除术。结果治疗组患者术后疼痛,治愈时间,肛管静息压均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肛裂切除术联合术后化学性内括约肌切开术,疗效显著。     

A Study of Fecal Incontinence in Patients with Chronic Anal Fissure: Prospective,Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Extent of Internal Anal Sphincter Division During Lateral Sphincterotomy

Background Troublesome fecal incontinence following a lateral internal sphincterotomy is often attributed to faulty surgical technique. However, it may be associated with coexisting occult sphincter defects. Whether continence is related to the extent of sphincterotomy remains debatable. The aim of the study is to identify fecal incontinence related to chronic anal fissure before and after lateral internal sphincterotomy and its relationship to the extent of internal anal sphincter division. Methods One hundred eight patients with chronic anal fissure were prospectively studied before and after lateral internal sphincterotomy. A questionnaire was completed for each patient before and after surgery with regard to any degree of fecal incontinence. Fecal incontinence severity index was assessed using the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score. The patients with preoperative perfect continence were randomized into two groups (46 patients in each group): Group 1 underwent traditional lateral internal sphincterotomy (up to the dentate line) and Group 2 were underwent a conservative internal anal sphincterotomy (up to the height of the fissure apex or just below it). Results Minor degrees of incontinence were present before surgery in 16 patients (14.8%). Results of the randomized trial revealed that temporary postoperative incontinence was newly developed in 6/92 of patients (6.52 %) who did not have it before surgery. Five of the six (10.86%) were in Group 1 one (2.17%) was in Group 2 (p = 0.039). Persistent incontinence occurred in two in Group 1 (4.35%). All of them were females. All have had a history of one or more vaginal deliveries. Conclusion A mild degree of fecal incontinence may be associated with chronic anal fissure at presentation rather than as a result of internal sphincterotomy. Troublesome fecal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy is uncommon. Sphincterotomy up to the dentate line provided faster pain relief and faster anal fissure healing, but it was associated with a significant postoperative alteration in fecal incontinence than was sphincterotomy up to the fissure apex. Care should be exercised in female patients with a history of previous obstetric trauma, as internal anal sphincter division may further compromise sphincter function.     

扩切术和侧切术治疗陈旧性肛裂疗效比较

为探讨陈旧性肛裂术中扩创范围及切断肛门括约肌的合理性,将80例陈旧性肛裂随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。治疗组采用扩切术,彻底扩创;对照组采用侧切术,简单扩创,两组均取肛门括约肌送病理切片检查。结果显示,80例均切断了内括约肌,其中冶疗组27例,对照组10例切断了部分外括约肌皮下部。治疗组治愈率95％,好转率5％．总有效率100％;对照组治愈率75％,好转率20％,无效5%,总有效率95％。治疗组疗效优于对照组。结果表明,以肛管能容纳4指为标准切断肛门括约肌具有合理性,肛裂扩创是一个不可忽视的环节;后侧位扩切术疗效确切．是治疗陈旧性肛裂的良好术式。     

Anal Stretch Plus Fissurectomy for Chronic Anal Fissure

Introduction : Anal fissure is a common disease. Usually chronic anal fissures are managed medically. When conservative management fails, surgical treatment should be considered. Lateral internal sphincterotomy has been advocated as the first choice invasive treatment but it has a reported rate of major fecal incontinence of 5%. In order to reduce the onset of major fecal incontinence after anal fissure surgery, it has been proposed to use the anal stretching plus fissurectomy.

Methods : From 2008 to 2011, 457 patients have been operated for chronic anal fissure.

Results : Twenty-seven patients underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy, two patients underwent posterior sphincterotomy and 428 patients underwent anal stretch plus fissurectomy. Satisfactory results have been reported in 95% of the cases. Transient incontinence rates have been of 3% after anal stretch and of 14,8% after lateral internal sphincterotomy (p < 0,05). Major and persistent incontinence rates have been reported in a case after later internal sphincterotomy (3%) but never after anal stretching (p = 0,059). Recurrence occurred in 2% of the patients after anal stretch and in 3% of the cases after lateral internal sphincterotomy (p = ns).

Conclusion : Lateral internal sphincterotomy and anal stretch have nearly a reported 95% of good results but the first have 3–5% rates of major incontinence.     

控制性括约肌侧切术治疗陈旧性肛裂的临床疗效

为探讨控制性括约肌侧切术治疗陈旧性肛裂的疗效，将118例陈旧性肛裂患者随机分为两组，分别采用控制性内括约肌侧切术（治疗组）和传统的内括约肌侧切扩肛术（对照组）治疗，并对比分析两组治疗结果。结果显示，两组患者均一次性治愈，均无大便失禁发生。但治疗组和对照组分别有1例和6例肛门气体失禁。随访至今，治疗组无复发，对照组复发1例。结果表明，控制性括约肌侧切术减少了不必要的组织损伤，更好地保护了肛门功能，可～次性治愈陈旧性肛裂，且操作简单，适合基层医疗单位推广应用。     

Surgical versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long-term results of a prospective randomized clinical and manometric study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective randomized trial was to compare the effectiveness and morbidity of surgical versus chemical sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure after a 3-year follow-up. METHODS: Eighty patients with chronic anal fissure were treated by whether open lateral internal sphincterotomy (group 1) or chemical sphincterotomy with 25 U botulinum toxin injected into the internal sphincter (group 2). Clinical and manometric results were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall healing was 92.5% in the open sphincterotomy group and 45% in the toxin botulinum group (P<.001). There is a group of patients with clinical (duration of disease >12 months and presence of a sentinel pile before treatment) and manometric factors (persistently elevated mean resting pressure, % of time presence of slow waves, and number of patients or the time presence ultra slow waves after treatment) associated with a higher recurrence of anal fissure. The final percentage of incontinence was 5% in the open sphincterotomy group and 0% in the botulinum toxin group (P>.05). CONCLUSION: We recommend surgical sphincterotomy as the first therapeutic approach in patients with clinical and manometric factors of recurrence. We prefer the use of botulinum toxin in patients older than 50 years or with risk factors for incontinence, despite the higher rate of recurrence, since it avoids the greater risk of incontinence in the surgical group.     

Botulinum Toxin Injection Versus Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background  

Although lateral internal sphincterotomy has been the gold standard of treatment for chronic anal fissure, the main concern remains its effects on anal continence. Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin seems to be a reliable option providing temporary alleviation of sphincter spasm and allowing the fissure to heal. The aim of the present prospective controlled randomized study was to compare the outcome of lateral internal sphincterotomy and botulinum toxin injection treatments in patients with uncomplicated chronic anal fissure.     

Changing patterns of treatment for chronic anal fissure.

To assess changing patterns of treatment for chronic anal fissure, a retrospective analysis of treatment for chronic anal fissure within one hospital between January 1990 and December 1996 was undertaken. A total of 221 patients received treatment for a chronic anal fissure in this period, of whom 209 had a surgical procedure. Manual dilatation of the anus was performed in 21 patients (10%) and has not been performed since 1995. Lateral internal sphincterotomy was performed in 183 patients (88%) and continues to be the mainstay of treatment. Five female patients (2%) were identified as having a sphincter defect by anal manometry combined with endoanal ultrasound and were treated by an anal advancement flap. From 1996 onwards, 15 patients (7%) were treated by topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) paste as the first line of treatment. Of these patients, nine have experienced healing of their fissure, and three have had relief of pain without healing of the fissure. Three have gone on to have a lateral internal sphincterotomy. Lateral internal sphincterotomy remains the primary form of treatment for chronic anal fissure. GTN cream has increasingly been offered as preliminary treatment over the last 12 months. Perioperative use of endoanal ultrasound allowed identification of patients who may be at high risk of postoperative incontinence from a sphincterotomy. An anal advancement flap has been used as an alternative surgical approach for these patients.     

Treatment of chronic anal fissure

Chronic anal fissure is a common benign anorectal problem in Western countries that substantially impairs the patient's life. Consequently, a rapid and effective solution is required. We reviewed the various treatments for chronic anal fissure described in the literature, with the aim of establishing a therapeutic protocol. We recommend surgical sphincterotomy (preferably open or closed lateral sphincterotomy) as the first therapeutic approach in patients with chronic anal fissure. However, we prefer the use of chemical sphincterotomy (preferably botulinum toxin) in patients aged more than 50 years old and in those with previous incontinence, risk factors for incontinence (previous anal surgery, multiple vaginal births, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.), or without anal hypertonia, despite the higher recurrence rate with medical treatments, since this procedure avoids the greater risk of residual incontinence described in the literature with surgical sphincterotomy in this group of patients.     

外剥内扎联合纵切横缝治疗环状混合痔的临床观察

为探讨治疗环状混合痔的新术式,将216例环状混合痔随机分为治疗组和对照组各108例,治疗组在原来混合痔外剥内扎内括约肌挑出切断扩肛的基础上,对部分混合痔行纵切横缝,对照组行外剥内扎术。结果显示,全部病例均效果满意,术后无明显创缘水肿,排便疼痛明显减轻,无肛管狭窄、排便障碍及肛门变形等并发症和后遗症。结果表明,外剥内扎联合纵切横缝治疗环状混合痔术后恢复快,既达到治疗环状混合痔的目的,又保护了肛门正常的生理排便功能。