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1.
寰椎椎弓根螺钉置入技术的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目前寰枢椎后路固定常用的技术有Gallie钢丝、Brooks钢丝、Halifix椎板夹、Apofix椎板钩、Magerl经侧块关节螺钉等方法固定。钢丝联合经关节螺钉(Brook+Magerl术)方法固定能提供坚强的固定和较高的融合率,也有助于通过维持脊柱的力线而使脊髓得到间接减压,但经关节螺钉固定有并发椎动脉损伤的可能,而且不管采用哪种置钉技术,均需处理寰枢椎侧块关节后方的椎静脉丛方可显露进钉点。自从谭明生创造性应用寰椎椎弓根螺钉技术以来,该项技术得到了广泛的应用[1]。Tan等[2]在对50具亚洲裔人寰椎标本进行形态学研究后提出,螺钉的进钉点应位于后弓的背侧,而不是从后弓的下方进入寰椎侧块,螺钉经寰椎后弓、峡部至侧块内,Resnick等[3]称之为寰椎的椎弓根螺钉。寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术,即通常所说的经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定技术,与寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术不是等同的概念。近年来在寰枢椎后路内固定术中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术发展越来越快,显示出其他固定方法无可比拟的优越性。国内外关于寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术的应用解剖学研究、生物力学研究及临床应用研究的报道屡见不鲜,现综述如下。  相似文献   

2.
[摘要]目的:评估寰椎经后弓侧块螺钉和寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术的临床疗效和应用价值。方法:2006年6月~2011年2月,对66例寰枢椎失稳的患者随机选择一侧寰椎经后弓侧块螺钉固定和一侧经寰椎侧块螺钉固定结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定进行治疗。通过寰椎螺钉置钉操作的手术时间、失血量、术中并发症、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分和术后内固定稳定情况评定疗效。  相似文献   

3.
寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块关系的解剖与临床研究   总被引:57,自引:1,他引:56  
目的研究寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块的位置关系,建立以枢椎侧块为解剖标志的寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉定位技术,并通过临床应用评价其可靠性。方法取50套干燥寰枢椎标本,测量寰椎椎弓根和枢椎侧块的内缘、中点(内、外缘中点)、外缘与正中矢状线的垂直距离,计算寰椎椎弓根与枢椎侧块的内缘间距、中点间距和外缘间距,建立寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉定位技术。临床应用该定位技术进行后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎不稳患者6例,男5例,女1例;平均年龄41岁。其中游离齿突1例,齿突发育不良3例,齿突陈旧性骨折2例。结果寰椎椎弓根的内缘、中点、外缘分别在枢椎侧块的内缘、中点、外缘的内侧(1.37±0.51)mm、(1.60±0.61)mm、(2.15±0.60)mm处。确定寰椎椎弓根螺钉的进钉点为:经枢椎侧块内、外缘的中点作纵垂线,与寰椎后弓上缘交点的正下方3.0mm处。6例患者共放置寰椎椎弓根螺钉12枚,术中无脊髓和椎动脉损伤等并发症,术后X线及CT扫描显示螺钉位置均良好。结论枢椎侧块与寰椎椎弓根间存在较恒定的解剖位置关系,枢椎侧块可作为术中确定寰椎后弓显露范围和判断寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点的解剖学标志,可简化术中繁琐的定位操作。  相似文献   

4.
经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定的力学稳定性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的评价双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定的力学稳定性。方法将6具新鲜尸体颈椎标本(包括枕骨基底部和C1-C4颈椎节段)置于1.5Nm载荷下,测量C1,2节段的三维运动范围(range of motion,ROM)。标本依Gallie内固定、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和Gallie内固定、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉内固定、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定、双侧寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定的顺序实施固定,每次固定后测量三维运动范围。结果包含经寰枢关节间隙螺钉的内固定组在旋转和侧屈方向上具有最小的ROM,其中双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩内固定组在屈伸运动方向上也具有最小的ROM。寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定组在旋转方向上ROM大于单纯经寰枢关节间隙螺钉内固定组,但在侧屈和屈伸方向上接近经寰枢关节间隙螺钉,差异无统计学意义;其在侧屈和旋转方向上ROM均小于Gallie内固定组,差异有统计学意义。结论双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉和寰椎椎板钩“三点”内固定具有最强的生物力学稳定性。虽然双侧寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定在生物力学稳定性上不及“三点”内固定,但明显优于Gallie内固定。  相似文献   

5.
寰椎经后弓侧块螺钉固定通道的CT测量   总被引:18,自引:5,他引:13  
目的:提供国人寰椎CT测量的数据,探讨寰椎经后弓侧块行螺钉置钉的可行性。方法:采用50具寰椎骨标本,对经寰椎后弓侧块的螺钉固定通道进行多个切面的CT断层扫描并测量。结果:将寰椎后结节中点旁开18~20mm的矢状面与后弓下缘上方2mm处的水平面的交线在后弓后方的投影点确定为进钉点;进钉方向保持与冠状面垂直,在矢状面上钉尖向头侧倾斜约5°,是寰椎经后弓侧块螺钉固定较理想的置钉通道。结论:寰椎具备行经后弓侧块螺钉内固定的条件。  相似文献   

6.
三种后路寰枢椎融合术的离体生物力学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 通过离体生物力学研究方法,比较3种后路寰枢椎融合技术的力学稳定性.方法 将8具新鲜尸体的颈椎标本(C1~4)置于1.5 Nm载荷下,测量C1、2关节的三维运动范围(ROM).每具标本依双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉结合Gallie内固定术、双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩内固定术、双侧寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术的顺序实施固定,每次固定后测量三维运动范围.结果 包含经寰枢关节间隙螺钉的内固定组在旋转和侧屈方向上具有最小的ROM角度,其中新型的双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩内固定组在前屈后伸运动方向上也具有最小ROM角度.寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定组在旋转方向上ROM角度显著大于单独经寰枢关节螺钉内固定组,但在侧屈和前屈后伸方向上ROM角度近似于经寰枢关节间隙螺钉,差异无统计学意义.结论 双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩内固定术具有最强的生物力学稳定性;双侧寰椎侧块螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术与双侧经寰枢关节间隙螺钉结合寰椎椎板钩内固定技术比较,具有相似的力学稳定性.  相似文献   

7.
目的:总结应用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术固定融合治疗寰枢椎不稳的效果,探讨寰枢椎不稳的治疗方法。方法:采用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术对15例寰枢椎不稳的患者进行了固定术,同时行自体髂骨融合。分别应用Vertex 7例,Axis 3例,和cervifix 5例,齿状突陈旧性骨折5例,新鲜Ⅱc型齿状突骨折6例,先天性游离齿状突4例。寰椎侧块螺钉进钉点选择在寰椎后结节中点旁开18mm~20mm,与后弓下缘以上2mm的交点,钉道方向在冠状面垂直,矢状面上螺钉头端向头侧倾斜约5°.枢椎进钉点为枢椎下关节突根部中点,钉道与矢状面夹角约15°,横断面夹角约30°。螺钉直径3.5mm,寰椎侧块螺钉长度28mm~32mm,枢椎椎弓根螺钉长度为22mm~26mm。结果:所有患者均未发生脊髓损伤和椎动脉损伤。随访10~25个月,平均14个月。术前JOA评分5.1~10.9分,平均7.6分。术后JOA评分13.2~16.8分,平均14.8分,改善率87.5%。植骨块全部融合,无内固定断裂、松动。结论:后路寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术稳定性良好,具有三维固定的优点,值得推广。  相似文献   

8.
寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术.即通常所说的经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定技术,与寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术不是等同的概念。有很多文献将其混淆。寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术由Resnick等于2002年首次提出.用于治疗齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎不稳。枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术首先由Leconte于1964年用于枢椎创伤性滑脱的治疗。近年来在寰枢椎后路内固定术中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术发展越来越快,  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨应用颈后路Vertex多轴向钉棒系统经寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根钉固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的手术方法及临床疗效。方法应用Vertex多轴向钉棒系统治疗寰枢椎不稳17例,寰椎选用侧块螺钉固定,枢椎选用椎弓根钉固定。结果1例枢椎一侧椎弓根钉经CT证实部分误入椎动脉孔,但患者无明显症状,术后JOA评分平均15.4分,改善率平均为84.8%。结论采用Vertex多轴向钉棒系统内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳,具有安装简单、复位迅速、固定可靠等优点。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]探讨应用多轴向钉棒系统经寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的方法及疗效.[方法]应用多轴向钉棒系统治疗寰枢椎不稳12例,术前JOA评分平均7.6分;寰椎使用侧块螺钉,进钉点选择在寰椎后结节中点旁18~20 mm与后弓下缘以上2 mm的交点处,钉道方向与冠状面垂直,矢状面上螺钉头端向头侧倾斜约5°;枢椎下关节突根部中点为进钉点,钉道与矢状面夹角约15°,与横断面夹角约25°.[结果]术后无1例发生椎动脉及脊髓损伤,JOA评分平均15.1分,改善率平均为87.3%.[结论]多轴向钉棒系统治疗寰枢椎不稳复位简单,具有稳定的三维固定效果,安全可靠.  相似文献   

11.
后路寰椎螺钉固定的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
杨迪  陈其昕 《中国骨伤》2006,19(3):189-192
后路寰椎螺钉固定包括寰椎侧块螺钉和寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定。它们在解剖上是可行的,但需注意椎动脉沟底骨质最薄处的后弓厚度,避免损伤椎动脉及颈内动脉,术前必须常规行寰椎侧位X线及CT扫描帮助确定进钉点及进钉方向。螺钉有较好的拔出力(即使使用单皮质螺钉),并且寰椎侧块螺钉和枢椎关节突间螺钉以及棒连接的结构与经关节螺钉后路钢丝植骨块结构一样稳定。目前较为常用的进钉技术有3种:Harms、Xia、Gupta等的侧块螺钉技术,以及Tan和马向阳等的后弓侧块螺钉技术。临床结果显示:后路寰椎螺钉固定技术能即刻解除脊髓神经压迫、缓解症状,有较好的即刻稳定性,保留枕颈间的运动功能,并且有融合率极高,断钉率、疾病复发以及术后并发症极少等优越性。  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: A new technique involving screw fixation of the atlas via the posterior arch and lateral mass has recently been reported for atlantoaxial instability. Because the posterior arch is thin, lateral mass screws risk penetrating the upper part of the posterior arch and damaging the vertebral artery running along the upper part of the posterior arch. METHODS: A total of 50 dry bone samples of the atlas from Japanese cadavers were used. We manually measured the shortest distance from the vertebral canal to the transverse foramen and the thickness at the thinnest part of the groove using calipers and investigated the frequency of dorsal ponticuli at the posterior arch. RESULTS: The area from the vertebral canal to the transverse foramen was thick enough to allow screw insertion, but the thickness of the posterior arch at the thinnest part of the groove was less than the screw diameter (3.5 mm) in 22% of vertebrae and <4 mm in 39%. A dorsal ponticuli was present in 10% of these samples. CONCLUSIONS: The size and shape of the posterior arch must be evaluated using radiography and computed tomography before inserting a lateral mass screw of the atlas via the posterior arch.  相似文献   

13.
Background contextConditions of the atlantoaxial complex requiring internal stabilization can result from trauma, malignancy, inflammatory diseases, and congenital malformation. Several techniques have been used for stabilization and fusion. Posterior wiring is biomechanically inferior to screw fixation. C1 lateral mass screws and C1 posterior arch screws are used for instrumentation of the atlas. Previous studies have shown that unicortical C1 lateral mass screws are biomechanically stable for fixation. No study has evaluated the biomechanical stability of C1 posterior arch screws or compared the two techniques.PurposeThe purpose of the study was to assess the differences in the pullout strength between C1 lateral mass screws and C1 posterior arch screws.Study designBiomechanical testing of pullout strengths of the two atlantal screw fixation techniques.MethodsThirteen fresh human cadaveric C1 vertebrae were harvested, stripped of soft tissues, evaluated with computed tomography for anomalies, and instrumented with unicortical C1 lateral mass screws on one side and unicortical C1 posterior arch screws on the other. Screw placement was confirmed with postinstrumentation fluoroscopy. Specimens were divided in the sagittal plane and potted in polymethylmethacrylate. Axial load to failure was applied with a material testing device. Load displacement curves were obtained, and the results were compared with Student t test. DePuy Spine, Inc. (Raynham, MA, USA) provided the hardware used in this study.ResultsMean pullout strength of the C1 lateral mass screws was 821 N (range 387?1,645 N±standard deviation [SD] 364). Mean pullout strength of the posterior arch screws was 1,403 N (range 483?2,200 N±SD 609 N). The difference was significant (p=.009). Five samples (38%) in the posterior arch group experienced bone failure before screw pullout.ConclusionsBoth unicortical lateral mass screws and unicortical posterior arch screws are viable options for fixation in the atlas. Unicortical posterior arch screws have superior resistance to pullout via axial load compared with unicortical lateral mass screws in the atlas.  相似文献   

14.
经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定的置钉研究   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10  
目的探讨经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定的可行性. 方法利用20具颈椎尸体标本,模拟经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定.在寰椎后弓后缘表面,经枢椎下关节突中心点纵垂线与寰椎后弓上缘下方3 mm水平线的交点作为进钉点,按内斜10度、上斜5度钻孔,经寰椎椎弓根置入直径3.5 mm的皮质骨螺钉.测量进钉点与寰椎椎弓根中线平面的距离、螺钉最大进钉深度、螺钉内斜角度和螺钉上斜角度等解剖指标,观察螺钉是否突破椎弓根和侧块骨皮质,以及椎动脉、硬膜、脊髓是否损伤等. 结果共放置40枚寰椎椎弓根螺钉,测得进钉点与寰椎椎弓根中线的平均距离为(2.20±0.42) mm,螺钉最大进钉深度平均(30.51±1.59) mm,螺钉内斜角度平均(9.70±0.67)度,上斜角(4.60±0.59)度.其中1枚螺钉因上斜角度过大穿破椎弓根上缘,8枚因后弓高度过小而突破椎弓根下缘,5枚进钉过深突破寰椎侧块前缘皮质,但均未对脊髓和椎动脉造成损伤. 结论经后路行寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定是安全可行的,但应注意进钉角度和深度.  相似文献   

15.
Background contextTo our knowledge, there is no clinical study analyzing the feasibility and complications of the routine insertion of the lateral mass screw via the posterior arch for C1 fixation in a live surgical setting.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of routine insertion of the lateral mass screw via the posterior arch and related complications.Study designProspective clinical-radiological analysis.Patient sampleFifty-two consecutive patients with 102 C1 lateral mass screws inserted via the posterior arch.Outcome measuresCortical perforation, vertebral artery injuries, and visual analog scale score of occipital neuralgia recorded on a prospective database.MethodsAll consecutive patients in whom lateral mass screw placement via the posterior arch was attempted as the first choice whenever C1 posterior fixation was necessary were enrolled. Prospective database, clinical records, questionnaires regarding occipital neuralgia, pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) angiograms, and follow-up radiographs and CT scans were analyzed. This study was supported by a $9,000 academic research grant by the first author's hospital. The last author receives royalties for a posterior cervical fixation system, which is not the topic of this study and is not used or mentioned in this article.ResultsOne hundred two screws were attempted in 52 consecutive patients by a single surgeon. The height of 43 posterior arches (42%) was smaller than 4 mm on preoperative CT angiography. Lateral mass screws could be inserted via the posterior arch in all cases including eight with nine ponticuli posticus and seven with seven persistent first intersegmental arteries, but the posterior arch was perforated cranially by 7, caudally by 30, and craniocaudally (partially) by 3 screws and vertically split by 14 screws. Among the last 28 screws for which the authors' overdrilling technique was used, only one vertical split occurred, whereas among the first 74 screws without overdrilling, 13 vertical splits occurred. None of them led to screw loosening or nonunion. There were no vertebral artery injuries. Among the 19 patients with preoperative occipital neuralgia, 12 had complete resolution and seven had alleviation at the last follow-up. Among the 33 patients without preoperative neuralgia, seven developed new neuralgia postoperatively. Three of them underwent C2 root transection and the other four underwent C2 root dissection for intraarticular fusion of the facet joints. Of the seven, five had complete resolution and two had mild discomfort at the last follow-up.ConclusionsRoutine insertion of the lateral mass screw via the C1 posterior arch was feasible in even those with a small posterior arch, ponticulus posticus, or persistent first intersegmental artery. Although cortical perforation or vertical splitting of the posterior arch was often inevitable, it did not lead to significant weakening of the fixation or nonunion. Vertical split could be minimized by overdrilling the posterior arch. Vertebral artery injury was preventable by mobilization before screw insertion. Occipital neuralgia was not uncommon but thought to be unrelated to screw placement in most cases.  相似文献   

16.
Although various posterior insertion angles for screw insertion have been proposed for C1 lateral mass, substantial conclusions have not been reached regarding ideal angles and average length of the screw yet. We aimed to re-consider the morphometry and the ideal trajections of the C1 screw. Morphometric analysis was performed on 40 Turkish dried atlas vertebrae obtained from the Department of Anatomy at the Medical School of Ankara University. The quantitative anatomy of the screw entry zone, trajectories, and the ideal lengths of the screws were calculated to evaluate the feasibility of posterior screw fixation of the lateral mass of the atlas. The entry point into the lateral mass of the atlas is the intersection of the posterior arch and the C1 lateral mass. The optimum medial angle is 13.5 ± 1.9° and maximal angle of medialization is 29.4 ± 3.0°. The ideal cephalic angle is 15.2 ± 2.6°, and the maximum cephalic angle is 29.6 ± 2.6°. The optimum screw length was found to be 19.59 ± 2.20 mm. With more than 30° of medial trajections and cephalic trajections the screw penetrates into the spinal canal and atlantooccipital joint, respectively. Strikingly, in 52% of our specimens, the height of the inferior articular process was under 3.5 mm, and in 70% was under 4 mm, which increases the importance of the preparation of the screw entry site. For accommodation of screws of 3.5-mm in diameter, the starting point should be taken as the insertion of the posterior arch at the superior end of the inferior articular process with a cephalic trajection. This study may aid many surgeons in their attempts to place C1 lateral mass screws.  相似文献   

17.
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of atlas pedicle screws system fixation and fusion for the treatment of upper cervical diseases.
Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients with upper cervical disorders requiring stabilization, including 19 cases of atlantoaxial dislocation (4 congenital odontoid disconnections, 6 old odontoid fractures, 4 fresh odontoid fractures of Aderson Ⅱ C, 3 ruptures of the C1 transverse ligament, and 2 fractures of C1), 2 cases of C2 tumor (instability after the resection of the tumors), and 2 giant neurilemomas of C2-C3(instability after resection of the tumors), were treated by posterior fixation and fusion with the atlas pedicle screw system, in which the screws were inserted through the posterior arch of C1. The operative time, bleeding volume and complications were reported. All patients were immobilized without external fixation or with rigid cervical collars for 1-3 months. All patients were followed up and evaluated with radiographs and CT.
Results: In the 23 patients, 46 C1 pedicle screws, 42 C2 pedicle screws and 6 lower cervical lateral mass screws and 2 lower cervical pedicle screws were placed. The mean operative time and bleeding volume was 2.7 hours and 490 ml respectively. No intraoperative complications were directly related to surgical technique. No neurological, vascular or infective complications were encountered. All patients were followed up for 3-36 months (average 15 months). Firm bony fusion was documented in all patients after 3-6 months. One patient with atlas fracture showed anterior occipitocervical fusion. There was no implant failure. Conclusions: Posterior fixation and fusion of the atlas pedicle screw system is feasible and safe for the treatment of upper cervical diseases, and may be applicable to a larger number of patients.  相似文献   

18.
[目的]通过结合当前虚拟手术系统辅助手术的优势,测量寰椎侧块螺钉固定通道的相关数据.[方法]选取8例16侧无破损和畸形的寰椎(C1)防腐头颈标本,先行CT扫描,后将数据导入虚拟手术系统进行重建,测量寰椎侧块数据:选择侧块与后弓根部下方交界区和横突孔的内侧缘与寰椎后弓内侧壁中点为进钉点,测最,L1:横突孔的内侧缘与寰椎后弓内侧壁的距离,L2:进钉点与侧块前缘最高点的距离,L3:进钉点与侧块前缘的垂直距离,α:进钉点的垂线与寰椎侧块上缘切线的角度,β:进钉点垂线与横突孔内侧缘切线的角度,γ:进钉点垂线与侧块内侧缘切线的角度,内斜角度δ:(β+γ) /2-β.左右两侧均测量3次,取其均值,进行统计学分析.[结果]虚拟手术系统测量寰椎侧块相关参数L1、L2、L3、α、β、γ、δ,经统计学分析,左右侧测量值均无统计学差异(P>0.05).[结论]选择侧块与后弓根部下方交界区处寰椎后弓内壁外约5 mm为进钉点,侧块螺钉进钉深度在18~22 mm,上倾斜约18°~20°,在矢状位上可内收6°.  相似文献   

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