多重悬吊双环法矫正乳房下垂的临床应用

目的 探讨多重悬吊双环法矫正乳房下垂及轻中度乳房肥大的方法及临床效果.方法 采用传统的双环法手术切口,在内、外环切口之间去除表皮,形成真皮帽,并在外环切口周围皮下组织与乳腺腺体表面进行广泛分离直至乳房基底部,然后将乳腺组织在中部环形折叠塑形,再行真皮帽悬吊和乳腺上极边缘多点缝合悬吊,荷包缝合内外环皮肤,术后乳房塑形包扎.结果 16例(32侧)患者均Ⅰ期愈合,无乳头、乳晕坏死.随访6～12个月,乳晕周围皮肤皱褶基本消失,瘢痕细小,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,乳房外形美观.结论 多重悬吊双环法矫正乳房下垂可避免对乳房局部过度分离和牵拉,乳房外形美观,悬吊确切、持久,是矫正乳房下垂伴轻、中度乳房肥大的一种比较理想的方法.     

双环复合组织筋膜瓣法矫正乳房下垂的临床应用

目的 探讨应用双环复合组织筋膜瓣法行乳房悬吊术矫治乳房轻、中度下垂的方法及临床效果.方法 在传统的双环形切口乳房缩小整形术的基础上,在皮肤与乳腺的腺体表面间行广泛剥离后,应用蒂在乳腺上半象限的筋膜瓣垂直下拉,缝合固定于下半象限的乳腺与胸大肌之间,并将乳晕内外环的真皮行荷包缝合,术后将乳房塑形包扎.结果 应用双环复合组织筋膜瓣行乳房悬吊术的方法矫治乳房下垂20例,患者均Ⅰ期愈合,无乳头、乳晕坏死.所有患者术后随访6~12个月,乳晕周围皮肤皱褶基本消失,乳房外形美观持久,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,效果满意.结论 改良手术方法技术简便易行,组织损伤小,瘢痕不明显,是矫治轻、中度乳房下垂的一种比较理想的方法,值得推广应用.     

乳晕同心双环切口乳腺区段切除缩乳术

目的：介绍一种乳房缩小术的新方法。方法：以乳头为中心在乳晕缘及其外周作内、外两同心圆切口,两圆半径相距2－4cm,双环间去表皮,在外环切口以外的乳房范围内作广泛的皮下分离;在剥离出的乳腺内、外及下方分别对乳腺组织作放射状桔瓣样楔形区段切除,保留第4肋间神经径路的乳腺组织和剩余乳腺结构的完整性,分层缝合缺损部乳腺组织,利用乳晕外周的真皮帽与其周围的乳腺组织塑形缝合,用7号丝线在乳腺上部向第2、3肋固定缝合数针。外圆环切口用荷包式缝合,将其缩小到与内圆环切口相等,然后缝合切口。结果：共为8例15只乳房轻、中度巨乳症施行手术,乳头、乳晕无坏死且功能良好,切口瘢痕不明显,形态满意。随访病例中1例婚育者哺乳功能良好。结论：乳晕同心双环切口乳腺基底蒂乳腺区段切除缩乳术是一种无明显瘢痕、形态好,保持乳房功能、设计更合理的术式,适应于轻、中度肥大乳房的缩乳术。     

改良双环法乳房悬吊术

目的介绍改良双环法行乳房悬吊术的方法和经验.方法采用传统的双环法乳房悬吊术切口,在皮肤与乳腺的腺体表面之间行广泛剥离后,在乳腺的下半象限正中将腺体垂直切开,将形成的两部分乳腺复合组织瓣向内上及外上方向旋转后互相交叉重叠缝合固定成形,并将乳晕内外环的真皮行荷包缝合.术后将乳房塑形包扎.结果采用本方法矫治轻、中度乳房下垂者共8例16侧,术后乳房外形美观持久,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,效果满意.结论本手术方法简便易行,组织损伤小,瘢痕不明显,是矫治轻、中度乳房下垂的一种比较理想的方法.     

改良双环法乳房悬吊术

目的 介绍改良双环法行乳房悬吊术的方法和经验。方法 采用传统的双环法乳房悬吊术切口，在皮肤与乳腺的腺体表面之间行广泛剥离后。在乳腺的下半象限正中将腺体垂直切开，将形成的两部分乳腺复合组织瓣向内上及外上方向旋转后互相交叉重叠缝合固定成形。并将乳晕内外环的真皮行荷包缝合。术后将乳房塑形包扎。结果 采用本方法矫治轻、中度乳房下垂者共8例16侧。术后乳房外形美观持久，乳头、乳晕感觉良好，效果满意。结论 本手术方法简便易行．组织损伤小．瘢痕不明显．是矫治轻、中度乳房下垂的一种比较理想的方法。     

改良真皮帽双环法行乳房缩小整形术

目的：灵活应用真皮帽双环法行乳房缩小成形。方法：采用传统的双环法设计切口，外下象限辅助S形切口线，保留乳晕周围较大面积完整的真皮帽，切除乳房外下象限腺体组织，设计外上及内下两个腺体组织瓣交错连接固定成形，乳晕周围内外环真皮荷包缝合，修整乳晕周围及外象限多余皮肤，切口呈环形，辅助切口瘢痕较小。结果：术后三月随访，新乳房的大小和形态．乳头乳晕的位置和形态均满意，除具有良好的感觉及勃起功能外，还保留了泌乳功能。结论：用组织瓣旋转固定的改良真皮帽双环法行乳房缩小成形，手术操作简单，组织瓣及乳头乳晕供血丰富，组织损伤小，值得推广。     

乳晕双环切口乳腺病变切除同期行乳房悬吊术

探讨乳腺病变切除同期行乳房悬吊的方法及意义。方法：以乳头为中心在乳晕缘及其外周作双环切口，去除双环间表皮，在外环切口以外乳房范围内作广泛的皮下分离；切除病变组织，分层缝合乳腺组织并作适当塑形，以7号丝线缝合乳房上部悬吊于第二肋骨骨膜，外环切口荷包缝合缩小后与内环切口间断缝合。结果：共为41例(81只乳房)患有乳腺增生症、乳腺纤维瘤、乳腺导管内乳头状瘤、乳腺导管扩张症等合并有乳房松垂者施行此类手术，所有病例术后乳房外形满意，切口瘢痕不明显。结论：乳晕双环切口切除乳腺病变组织及同期行松垂乳房悬吊术是一种设计合理、易于掌握、无明显瘢痕、外形满意的手术方式，值得推广应用。     

改良双环法乳房下垂矫正术

目的:介绍改良双环法行乳房悬吊术的方法和经验。方法:采用传统的双环法环乳晕切口,切除双环间表皮,在皮肤与上半乳腺的腺体表面之间剥离,去除上半腺体后松弛的浅筋膜深层,上提腺体至正常位置并固定于深筋膜,同时进行腺体的适当折叠塑形或置入乳房假体增加丰满程度。结果:共行轻、中度下垂28例(4例为单侧下垂),其中悬吊加假体隆乳9例;腺体瓣交叉缝合悬吊塑形19例。术后乳房外形改善满意,乳头、乳晕感觉良好,效果持久。结论:本手术方法安全易行,组织损伤小,瘢痕不明显,是矫治轻、中度乳房下垂的一种比较理想的方法。     

保留乳头乳晕感觉功能的改良双环法巨乳缩小术

目的 探讨改良双环法巨乳缩小整形手术的方法,以提高疗效,减少手术并发症.方法 以乳头为中心做近似双同心圆切口,滚轴取皮刀去除两同心圆之间的表皮,切除外环以外,包括外上象限、内上象限、内下象限肥大的腺体组织,保留外下象限和中央的乳腺组织,以便保持第4肋间神经对乳头乳晕的支配和充足的血供.将去表皮的真皮帽边缘与乳腺基部的筋膜紧密缝合固定在胸壁上,重塑乳房外形.以可吸收线荷包式缝合外环皮下组织,收紧荷包缝线将外环切口缩小到与内环相近,直接缝合切口.结果 本组患者31例,术后乳房形态自然挺拔、质感柔软;乳头乳晕对称,感觉正常;瘢痕隐蔽并且有效地保留了乳房的泌乳功能.结论 本法术后乳房形态良好,功能正常,是一种较理想的巨乳缩小整形方法.     

保留乳头乳晕感觉功能的改良双环法巨乳缩小术

目的探讨改良双环法巨乳缩小整形手术的方法，以提高疗效，减少手术并发症。方法以乳头为中心做近似双同心圆切口，滚轴取皮刀去除两同心圆之问的表皮，切除外环以外，包括外上象限、内上象限、内下象限肥大的腺体组织，保留外下象限和中央的乳腺组织，以便保持第4肋间神经对乳头乳晕的支配和充足的血供。将去表皮的真皮帽边缘与乳腺基部的筋膜紧密缝合固定在胸壁上，重塑乳房外形。以可吸收线荷包式缝合外环皮下组织，收紧荷包缝线将外环切口缩小到与内环相近，直接缝合切口。结果本组患者31例，术后乳房形态自然挺拔、质感柔软；乳头乳晕对称，感觉正常；瘢痕隐蔽并且有效地保留了乳房的泌乳功能。结论本法术后乳房形态良好，功能正常，是一种较理想的巨乳缩小整形方法。     

双环形切口乳房缩小整形术

目的:探讨乳房缩小整形术中手术方法及术后效果影响因素。方法:应用改良双环法进行乳房缩小整形术85例,术中切除腺体组织150～1200g,将外上侧腺体组织楔形切除后,将乳头-乳晕-腺体组织瓣置于正常解剖位置,以乳头为中心向内侧适度旋转,并适当固定塑形使乳房的上极保持丰满;并对手术后效果进行初步评价。结果:80例患者接受随访,手术后74例患者双侧乳房形态及乳头乳晕对称,乳房上极较丰满,乳头乳晕感觉良好,患者满意,总满意率为92.5%。结论:改良双环法乳房缩小整形术手术后乳房形态良好,患者满意度高,简易调查表显示患者手术后关心的问题首先是乳房形态及乳头乳晕感觉。     

皮肤环形缝扎术在整形外科中的应用

目的：探讨如何应用环形缝扎术关闭皮肤缺损创面。方法：用不可吸收缝线环绕创缘皮下或皮内缝合一周,收紧缝线打结将伤口缩拢关闭。结果：该法应用于32例共41处创面,术后形成瘢痕短小,外形好。结论：本法封闭创面简便、快速,效果好,可作为整形外科的一项基本技术应用。     

应用乳腺旋转瓣固定矫正轻中度乳房下垂

目的:介绍采用乳房外下象限乳腺旋转瓣固定矫正轻中度乳房下垂的方法和经验。方法:经乳晕周缘"双环形"切口,去除内外环之间的表皮。在皮下脂肪组织与腺体之间广泛分离。在乳房下方正中垂直剖开乳腺,并向外侧分离,形成乳房外下象限乳腺瓣,并向内上方旋转固定,缩小乳房基底,重塑乳房外形,并上提下垂的乳头乳晕复合体。伴有明显乳腺萎缩者,同期或Ⅱ期行胸大肌下假体隆乳术。结果:2011年2月~2013年12月采用该方法共治疗轻中度乳房下垂19例,无血肿、感染、乳头乳晕坏死等并发症发生,术后随访1~2年,无乳房下垂复发,乳房下垂明显矫正,双乳对称,外形良好。切口瘢痕呈环线状,乳头乳晕感觉功能正常。结论:乳腺旋转瓣固定法结合了"双环法"和"垂直法"两种技术的优势,对轻中度乳房下垂的治疗,提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

Transaxillary retromammary route approach of video-assisted breast surgery enables the inner-side breast cancer to be resected for breast conserving surgery

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic surgery for inner-side breast cancer usually is performed by periareolar approach, but leaves deformation or malposition, and sensory disturbance. We devised an approach of retromammary route without subcutaneous removal, from an axillary skin incision, to treat distant cancers and also to preserve sensation to skin touch. METHODS: We have performed video-assisted breast surgery on 230 patients. The transaxillary retromammary-route approach was performed on 20 patients with early breast cancer. From a 2.5-cm axillary incision, we dissected the major pectoral muscle fascia to detach retromammary tissue. We cut the proximal side of the gland vertically, and dissected the skin flap over the tumor by the tunnel method. Then we cut each side of the gland vertically and removed it through the axillary port. RESULTS: All surgical margins were negative. The surgical time was 45 minutes longer than the conventional video-assisted breast surgery. The postoperative esthetic results were good. CONCLUSIONS: The transaxillary retromammary-route approach leaves no injury on whole breast, and can become a single standard method for breast-conserving surgery wherever a cancer is situated.     

双环法结合双“V”形乳腺切除法在乳房肥大整形术中的应用

目的:探讨双环法结合双"V"形乳腺切除法在乳房肥大整形术中的应用。方法:以乳头为中心设计两个环形切口,去除环形切口间的表皮,根据乳腺肥大情况在乳腺的上下垂直反向设计两个"V"形乳腺瓣,"V"形切除乳腺组织,在乳腺基底部适当分离后拉拢缝合乳腺。将去除表皮的真皮帽边缘与乳腺基底部筋膜缝合固定于胸大肌筋膜,留置负压引流管,沿外环内侧在真皮深层行连续荷包缝合,最后间断缝合切口皮肤。结果:所有受术者均未出现乳头、乳晕或乳房皮肤坏死、脂肪液化、血肿、感染、增生性瘢痕。术后随访3~18个月,切口瘢痕不明显,乳房外形对称,乳头、乳晕感觉良好。结论:双环法结合双"V"形乳腺切除法设计简单,易操作,瘢痕隐蔽,且能很好保留乳房感觉及泌乳功能,临床效果满意。     

Total subcutaneous fistulectomy combined with Karydakis flap for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease with secondary perianal opening

OBJECTIVE: Flap techniques have been performed with success in the treatment of pilonidal disease. However, some complex cases such as perianal pilonidal disease need special attention. We describe a modification of a well-known flap technique for secondary perianal pilonidal disease and its early results. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Total subcutaneous fistulotomy combined with Karydakis flap was performed on 14 patients. An elliptical incision, described by Karydakis, was made while not including the perianal opening. Both sides of the elliptical incision were deepened down to the gluteal muscle and postsacral fascia. At the level of subcutaneous tissue, attention was directed to the secondary perianal opening. A fine probe was inserted through the perianal skin pit, and the connection site between the fistula and the cyst was observed. A small circular skin incision was made around the probe and the fistula tract was totally excised using electrocautery together with the main cyst. The flap was prepared as described by Karydakis. Before suturing the flap to the other side, perianal subcutaneous tissue was sutured with a fine absorbable material, then, the flap was sutured with 4/0 polypropylene. RESULTS: One patient developed seroma. Neither early failure in wound healing nor recurrence was observed at a mean of 16.2 months (range 4-36 months) follow-up. CONCLUSION: Total subcutaneous fistulectomy plus Karydakis flap as a single-stage procedure is an effective surgical modality for sacroccocygeal pilonidal disease with secondary perianal opening.     

Oncoplastic Technique for the Elimination of the Lateral “Dog Ear” During Mastectomy

Abstract: Following a mastectomy, both the cosmetic and functional results can be impaired by the presence of a lateral “dog ear.” This is a particular problem in women with a large body habitus giving an increased amount of adipose tissue lateral to the breast. The standard approaches to this operation of horizontal or oblique incisions often results in an uncomfortable, unsightly lateral “dog ear”. We describe a modification to the standard mastectomy incision that allows extensive excision of the lateral adipose tissue, re‐draping the skin over the chest wall, thus eliminating the “dog ear.” The mastectomy is performed through two oblique incisions originating in the axillary skin crease encompassing the nipple areolar complex, followed by extensive lateral fat excision. A distance of 2–3 cm is kept between the superior limit of the two incisions. At closure the lateral skin flap is advanced superiomedially on the chest wall without tension. This simple and reproducible technique improves cosmesis and patient satisfaction following modified radical mastectomy by eliminating the lateral “dog ear.”