Is the aspect ratio a reliable index for predicting the rupture of a saccular aneurysm?

OBJECTIVE: The present retrospective study was undertaken to prove the reliability of the aspect ratio (aneurysm depth to aneurysm neck width) for predicting an aneurysmal rupture. The aspect ratio is considered a better geometric index than aneurysm size for determining the intra-aneurysmal blood flow. METHODS: We measured the aspect ratios and the sizes of aneurysms, as determined by examining angiographic films magnified 1.4x, in 129 patients with ruptured aneurysms and in 72 patients with 78 unruptured aneurysms. After categorizing the aneurysms into four groups on the basis of their locations (aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery, middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery [ICA-PComA], and other aneurysms), a statistical analysis of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms was performed. RESULTS: The mean aneurysm size was found to be statistically significant in the aneurysms at the ICA-PComA and in locations excluding the anterior communicating artery, the middle cerebral artery, and the ICA-PComA. However, the mean aspect ratio was statistically significant at all four locations. In patients with ruptured aneurysms, no ruptured aneurysms with an aspect ratio of less than 1.0 were found. The distribution of the ruptured group versus the unruptured group with an aspect ratio of less than 1.6 at each location was 13 versus 79%, respectively, at the anterior communicating artery, 11 versus 58% at the middle cerebral artery, 11% versus 85% at the ICA-PComA, and 7 versus 81% at other locations. CONCLUSION: The aspect ratio between ruptured aneurysms and unruptured aneurysms was found to be statistically significant, and almost 80% of the ruptured aneurysms showed an aspect ratio of more than 1.6, whereas almost 90% of the unruptured aneurysms showed an aspect ratio of less than 1.6. This study therefore suggests that the aspect ratio may be useful in predicting imminent aneurysmal ruptures.     

The absence of a metal-on-metal bearing does not preclude the formation of a destructive pseudotumor in the hip—a case report

4 patients with a mean age of 20 years and isolated congenital radial head dislocation (1 unilateral anterior, 1 unilateral posterior and 2 bilateral anterior dislocations) were all pain-free and had almost normal elbow function.     

Using a tightRope? to treat a complex fracture of the trapezium

We present the case of a 23-year-old man with a combined scaphoid fracture and comminuted trapezium fracture, treated surgically with percutaneous fixation of the scaphoid fracture and concomitant Arthrex Mini TightRope^® stabilisation of base of thumb metacarpal to base of index finger metacarpal. The patient made a good functional recovery, returning to usual activities within six weeks. We suggest that this technique could be used to treat complex trapezium fractures that cannot be reconstructed with surgery.     

Angioleiomyoma of the extremities — report of a recurrence at the heel

Summary Angioleiomyoma, or vascular leiomyoma, is a rare, benign, smooth muscle tumor, originated in the tunica media of veins. It is predominantly found as a solitary painful or tender intracutaneous or subcutaneous nodule, on the anterior aspect of the leg, especially in middle aged women. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous masses of the extremities. A case of recurrence at the right heel is described. The recurrence of this tumor is unusual, and it should be treated as a low-grade malignancy and excised widely rather than be shelled out.     

以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的 设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的股部皮肤穿支血管的嵌合皮瓣,为修复口腔颌面部的大面积、复杂的洞穿性缺损提供一种新的方法.方法 根据旋股外侧动脉降支的走行及分支、其在股部正面及两侧可能存在的皮肤穿支血管,设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损8例.此种皮瓣可分为3种类型:股前外侧皮瓣+股前内侧皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣+股直肌穿支皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣+股前外侧皮瓣.结果 术后8例16块皮瓣均成活,无并发症,且供区均直接拉拢缝合,未行皮片移植.术后随访1～9个月,患者面部外形和功能均良好,供区畸形和功能障碍均不明显.结论 以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的穿支嵌合皮瓣吻合血管数量少,较切取2个皮瓣供区损伤小,组织量大,适合口腔颌面部大型复杂的组织缺损的修复.     

旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣重建肘部复合组织缺损的临床应用

目的 探讨以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣,游离移植修复肘部肱动脉伴皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 2000年3月-2008年2月,对8例肘部肱动脉损伤伴皮肤软组织缺损的患者,急诊一期采用旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复,同时用横支血管桥接缺损的肱动脉(3～7cm),皮瓣切取面积为12cm×6cm～20cm×10 cm.结果 8例肢体及皮瓣均顺利存活,术后随访10～21个月,肘部皮瓣无明显臃肿及瘢痕挛缩现象,肘关节屈伸活动度平均为105°(95°～125°),8例患侧肢体前臂远端尺、桡动脉搏动强度与健侧相同,B超显示患侧肱动脉血流与健侧基本相同.结论 切取股前外侧皮瓣时,如发现旋股外侧动脉降支有变异,可切取以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂的股前外侧皮瓣,重建肘部肱动脉损伤和软组织缺损.     

旋股外侧动脉内侧降支移植修复掌浅弓缺损

目的探讨应用旋股外侧动脉内侧降支移植修复掌浅弓缺损的可行性。方法通过对旋股外侧动脉内侧降支的应用解剖学研究,1999年5月-2004年2月,对8例手掌严重损伤致掌浅弓缺损的患者,切取上述血管移植重建掌浅动脉弓,血管切取长度为9～15cm。结果术后患者手指及移植皮瓣全部成活,手功能恢复满意,血管供区血液循环无影响,肌力正常。结论旋股外侧动脉内侧降支,与掌浅弓有十分相似的解剖学结构,且解剖位置恒定,切取方便。该血管最佳适应证是修复掌浅弓缺损和同时伴有皮肤软组织缺损。     

旋股外侧动脉降支多叶组织瓣修复手部多部位软组织缺损

目的 探讨旋股外侧动脉降支多叶瓣修复手部多部位软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法对手部多部位软组织缺损15例,采用旋股外侧动脉降支多叶瓣修复,根据手部缺损情况设计股前外侧皮瓣,沿皮瓣穿支血管向远端继续解剖旋股外侧动脉降支,考虑好手部各缺损处间距,按需切取分叶穿支皮瓣、阔筋膜瓣、股直肌肌瓣、股外侧肌肌瓣、股中间肌肌瓣或旋股外侧动脉降支远端肌间隔瓣。形成以旋股外侧动脉降支为主干的一蒂多叶瓣,在肌瓣及阔筋膜瓣上植皮,一次修复手部多部位软组织缺损。 结果 术后无血管危象发生。修复各创面在肌瓣、阔筋膜瓣或旋股外侧动脉降支远端血管肌间隔上植皮均成活良好,外形无臃肿,植皮处恢复保护性感觉,供区创面愈合好,股四头肌肌力及膝关节屈、伸活动均正常。全部病例获得随访,随访时间6 ～ 20个月,平均8.7个月。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定标准：优3例,良9例,可3例,优良率80％。 结论 旋股外侧动脉降支多叶瓣能一次修复手部多部位软组织缺损,缩短手术时间及疗程,手部功能恢复良好,外形满意,是修复手部多部位软组织缺损的理想方法。     

股前外侧皮瓣远侧肌皮穿支的解剖学研究与临床应用

目的 研究供养股前外侧皮瓣的远侧肌皮穿支的解剖特征及其在股前外侧皮瓣移植中的应用价值.方法 2007年7月至2009年12月,对10例新鲜尸体及96例应用股前外侧皮瓣修复创面病例的远侧肌皮支进行解剖学观察.临床应用股前外侧远侧肌皮穿支皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损35例,男19例,女16例;年龄28～55岁,平均38.5岁;单瓣20例,分叶皮瓣15例.单瓣切取面积7 cm×15cm～9 cm×25 cm,分叶皮瓣切取面积5 cm×7 cm～8 cm×20 cm.皮瓣切取时间1～1.5 h.结果 组织瓣移植全部成活32例,部分性坏死3例.术后随访6～11个月,平均7.8个月.1例患者术后早期主诉膝关节不稳定感,术后6个月改善.尸体解剖研究发现:位于髂前上棘与髌骨外上缘连线远1/4段内的皮支均以肌皮穿支的形式出现,肌皮支穿出部位靠近股外侧肌前内缘,不超过肌肉横径1/2,一般在肌肉横径的1/3以内;远侧肌皮支主要来源于旋股外侧血管降支,1例2侧来源于股动脉,1例2侧来源于股深动脉穿支.临床解剖观察发现:94例出现2～5个远侧肌皮穿支,2例无远侧肌皮穿支,其主干旋股外侧动脉降支变异为直接肌皮支,近端有肌间隔肌皮支出现.结论 远侧肌皮穿支相对恒定,可以作为股前外侧皮瓣近侧肌皮支缺如病例的替代血管,也是实现分叶皮瓣移植的解剖基础.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the anatomical characteristics and clinical application of the distal musculocutaneous perforators derived from the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery in the anterolateral thigh flap transplantation. Methods From July 2007 to December 2009, the anatomic variations of musculocutaneous perforator were investigated in 96 cases who received anterolateral thigh flap and 10 preserved cadavers. Thirty-five cases who received the anterolateral thigh flap using the distal musculocutaneous perforators were included in the study. There were 19 males and 16 females. The age ranged from 28-55 years old, with an average of 38.5 years old. Single flap was used in 20 cases while lobulated flap in 15 cases. Single flap area ranged from 7 cm×15 cm to 9 cm×25 cm, lobulated flap ranged from 5 cm×7 cm to 8 cm×20 cm. Results The cadaver study found that the most musculocutaneous perforators were concentrated in the far fourth of the anterolateral thigh region. The musculocutaneous perforators commonly arose from the the lateral femoral circumflex artery. The perforator arose directly from the femoral artery or the deep femoral artery in one case separately. In the clinical study, 2-5 musculocutaneous perforators were found in 94 cases but not in the other 2 cases. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery became the direct m musculocutaneous perforator. The proximal intermuscularseptum perforator was found in 2 cases. Postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6-11 months. All flaps survived in the follow-up.Marginal necrosis was found in 3 cases. Only 1 case had complained of knee joint instability. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the vascular anatomy of the distal musculocutaneous perforator was reliable. The perforator may serve as an option for proximal one in anterolateral thigh flap transplantation.     

Lateral circumflex femoral arterial system and perforators of the anterolateral thigh flap: an anatomic study

The authors performed an anatomic study on 16 thighs of 11 fresh white cadavers at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munchen, Germany. They analyzed the anatomic pattern and caliber of both the lateral circumflex femoral arterial system and the perforators nourishing the anterolateral thigh flap. They found regularly a majority of musculocutaneous perforators, mainly in the central third of the thigh, arising from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Despite the small number of cadavers, they identified several differences in the anatomy of the lateral circumflex femoral arterial system. These variabilities, especially regarding the descending branch and its perforators, could have clinical importance. They also suggest new dissection studies by comparing white and oriental anatomy. Their aim is to establish whether any difference in the variability of the lateral circumflex femoral arterial system could increase the popularity, currently greater in Eastern Europe, of the anterolateral thigh flap.     

代偿性股前内侧游离皮瓣移植

自１９８８年以来，共开展股前外侧游离皮瓣手术１２０余例，其中１０例因见供血皮支系于股前内侧间隙穿出而临时改变为股前内侧皮瓣。据观察此１０例股前中区的供血血管有３种类型：旋股外侧动脉降支内侧支型６例，股浅动脉供血型２例，股动脉直接分支供血型２例。文中还就皮瓣的命名、手术方法以及大腿前中区血管的代偿特点等进行了讨论。     

The oblique branch trap in the harvest of the anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap

A 67‐year‐old man with squamous cell carcinoma underwent reconstruction with a free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap. Unroofing the skin perforators found that the skin perforators originated from the oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery with no connections with the descending branch. Thus, the flap was harvested based on the oblique branch, leaving the descending branch in situ. Reconstruction was completed uneventfully and he had an excellent outcome at 1‐year follow‐up. The anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap was reputed to be a technically easy flap to harvest. The perforators supplying the skin were visualized and a block of muscle incorporating the perforators harvested with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery as the pedicle of the flap. However, not infrequently with this approach, the flap thus harvested has a well‐perfused muscle component, whereas the skin component was not viable. This situation is explained anatomically by the potential occurrence of an alternative pedicle that supplies the anterolateral thigh flap, called the oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Our case presented here was a “classic” intraoperative finding of this potential trap and the importance of defining the anatomy before committing oneself to the harvest by unroofing all the skin perforators was emphasized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.     

股前外侧皮瓣联合股外侧皮神经营养血管吻合技术治疗前中足严重脱套伤

目的探讨股前外侧皮瓣联合股外侧皮神经营养血管吻合技术修复前中足严重脱套伤的临床疗效。方法2016年3月-2019年6月,应用股前外侧皮瓣修复创面同时将股外侧皮神经营养血管与旋股外侧动脉降支远端吻合用以修复前中足严重脱套伤13例,并在患者出院后定期复诊、随访。结果13例移植皮瓣全部成活,外观恢复满意,根据感觉功能评定标准评定:10例皮瓣感觉恢复至S2,3例皮瓣恢复至S3。结论应用股前外侧皮瓣联合股外侧皮神经营养血管吻合技术修复前足严重脱套伤是一种可行的手术方法,值得推广应用。     

旋股外侧动脉降支多叶组织瓣修复多指(趾)软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂的一蒂多叶组织瓣一次修复多指(趾)软组织缺损的方法和临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年12月,收治8例多指(趾)软组织缺损患者,男5例,女3例;年龄22～38岁,平均27.6岁.设计以旋股外侧动脉降支的肌皮穿支或肌间隙穿支为蒂形成股前外侧穿支皮瓣,带股外侧皮神经前支;以股外侧肌肌支、股直肌肌支、股中间肌肌支、远端肌间隔支为分叶瓣,依受区缺损面积及各指(趾)蹼间距切取各组织瓣,在肌瓣上植全厚皮,一次修复手(足)部创面.结果 术后8例患者均未发生血管危象,植皮均成活.全部病例获6个月～3年(平均10.5个月)随访,修复各创面外形均良好,无臃肿,植皮处轻微挛缩.肌瓣植皮处恢复保护性感觉,各皮瓣两点辨别觉约8～10 mm.修复1例左足一至三趾软组织缺损病例,术后患足无疼痛及不适,负重行走正常;修复7例手部缺损病例,按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准进行评价:优1例,良4例,可2例,优良率71%.结论 以旋股外侧动脉降支为蒂多叶组织瓣能一次修复多指(趾)软组织缺损,仅需吻合一组血管,无需行分指及整形手术,是修复多指(趾)软组织缺损的理想方法.