同种异体骨与聚醚醚酮椎间融合器应用于颈椎病的荟萃分析

目的 分析并比较同种异体骨与聚醚醚酮（PEEK）椎间融合器应用于颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（ACDF）治疗颈椎病的疗效与安全性。方法 通过PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Medline、EMBASE、中国知网、万方数据和维普网数据库检索同种异体骨与PEEK椎间融合器应用于ACDF治疗颈椎病的相关文献,检索时间范围为建库至2021年7月1日。提取患者术后颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、颈椎曲度变化、融合率、置入物沉降率、假关节形成率、再手术率等资料,采用RevMan 5.3软件对研究结果进行荟萃分析。结果 共纳入8篇文献,包含6 950例患者,其中4 569例应用同种异体骨（同种异体骨组）,2 381例应用PEEK椎间融合器（PEEK组）。2组患者术后颈椎曲度、NDI和VAS评分差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;同种异体骨组融合率高于PEEK组[比值比（OR）=3.12,95%置信区间（CI）1.19 ~ 8.15,P<0.05],假关节形成率低于PEEK组（OR=0.25,95%CI 0.09 ~ 0.69,P<0.05）,再手术率低于PEEK组（OR=0.25,95%CI 0.12 ~ 0.52,P<0.05）,融合器沉降率与PEEK组相比差异无统计学意义（OR=0.71,95%CI 0.37 ~ 1.36,P>0.05）。结论 ACDF治疗颈椎病,应用同种异体骨和PEEK融合器临床疗效相当,融合器沉降率无明显差异;但应用同种异体骨具有较高的融合率、较低的假关节形成率和较低的再手术率。     

三种植骨材料局部植骨治疗骶髂关节结核的疗效比较

目的 比较三种植骨材料局部植骨治疗骶髂关节结核的疗效。方法 回顾性选取2015年2月至2021年1月我院收治的65例骶髂关节结核病人作为研究对象,骶髂关节结核病灶清除术后,27例予以载有利福平的医用硫酸钙颗粒（Osteoset人工骨组）、21例采用同种异体骨（同种异体骨组）、17例采用自体髂骨（自体髂骨组）,实施局部植骨融合术。比较三组手术时间、红细胞沉降率、术中出血量、融合分级与腰骶角、植骨愈合时间、腰骶部疼痛与下肢放射疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、骨代谢标志物［骨钙素、β-胶原特殊序列（β-CTx）、1型胶原氨基端延长肽（P1NP）］、骨盆功能临床分级、并发症、复发率。结果 三组术后红细胞沉降率均低于术前,腰骶角均高于术前（P＜0.05）;三组手术时间、术中出血量、红细胞沉降率、腰骶角的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。三组在随访中均未发现Ⅳ级融合,Osteoset人工骨组植骨融合时间短于自体髂骨组、同种异体骨组（P＜0.05）;三组术后18个月融合分级比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。三组术后2周、4周腰骶部疼痛与下肢放射痛VAS评分均低于术前（P＜0.05）,组间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。三组术后2周、术后4周骨钙素、P1NP均高于术前（P＜0.05）;Osteoset人工骨组术后2周、术后4周骨钙素、P1NP高于自体髂骨组、同种异体骨组（P＜0.05）。三组术后18个月骨盆功能优良率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;三组并发症、复发率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 病灶清除术联合自体骨、同种异体骨、人工骨移植治疗骶髂关节结核均能获得满意效果,其中载有注射用利福平的医用硫酸钙颗粒在缩短植骨融合时间、诱导骨形成中更有优势。     

三种腰椎后路椎间融合植骨材料的临床对比研究

目的探讨3种不同植骨材料及骨质疏松因素对腰后路椎间植骨成功率的影响、、方法回顾分析使用自体髂骨块（A组）、同种异体骨（B组）、融合器＋自体松质骨（C组）3种不同植骨材料行腰椎后路椎M融合手术患者共1121例,其中骨质疏松者共180例,通过X线及CT检查,对植骨融合率、融合时间、椎间高度、内同定火败率进行随访并对数据进行统计学分析。结果B组6l例中,11例患者（18．5％）出现植骨不融合．其中断钉6例,断棒2例．该组l在植骨融合率、内固定失败率、椎间高度丢失、融合时间等方面比另2组差（P〈O．05）。A组和C组植骨融合率分别为97．6％、98．2％,2组比较在各方面差异无统计学意义（p〉0．05）。在180例骨质疏松患行中,A绀患者融合率（90．3％）高于C组（84．6％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论后路腰椎椎间融合,使用同种异体骨融合率最低,内固定失败、惟间隙塌陷发生率较高;自体髂骨块与融合器＋自体骨植骨融合率高,内固定失败发生率小;埘于骨质疏松者,自体髂骨块融合情况更佳。     

同种异体骨与自体骨后路腰椎Cage椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病

目的探讨后路腰椎Cage椎间融合术中应用同种异体骨和自体骨植骨治疗腰椎退行性疾病的疗效差异。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年12月柳州市柳江县人民医院收治的行腰椎后路Cage椎间融合术的60例腰椎退行性疾病患者的临床资料,其中自体骨植骨组和同种异体骨植骨组各30例,记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生情况;术后3、6、12个月采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价疗效;定期行影像学检查观察固定节段融合情况。结果自体骨组手术时间和术中出血量均少于同种异体骨组(P0.05)。术后12个月两组融合率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但自体骨组术后3、6个月融合率高于同种异体骨组(P0.05)。术后3、6、12个月两组ODI指数优良率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。同种异体骨组感染1例,骨延迟愈合1例,自体骨组供区疼痛1例;随访期间两组患者均无椎弓根螺钉断裂、松动、脱出及椎间融合器脱出等并发症发生。结论后路腰椎Cage椎间融合术中应用自体骨植骨,具有手术时间短,术中损伤轻微,早期融合率高的优点;同种异体植骨可达到与自体骨植骨类似的近期临床效果,在无法进行自体骨移植或自体骨移植骨量不足等情况下可以使用,远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

三种椎间植骨材料治疗腰椎滑脱的比较研究

目的比较采用自体髂骨、自体骨椎间融合器和骨形成蛋白（bone morphogenetic protein,BMP）人工骨椎间融合器椎间融合治疗成人腰椎滑脱的效果。方法1997年1月-2004年1月,收治114例腰椎滑脱患者。男45例,女69例;年龄32-61岁,平均43岁。其中度滑脱85例,度滑脱24例,度滑脱5例。患者均行椎弓根螺钉固定、后路椎间融合术,根据椎间融合材料的不同,将患者分为A组（自体髂骨椎间融合,42例）;B组（自体骨/单枚椎间融合器,36例）;C组（BMP人工骨/单枚椎间融合器,36例）。比较术后三组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、临床疗效、融合率和手术节段椎间隙高度的变化。结果术后患者均获随访13-30个月,平均15个月。三组手术时间、术中出血量及术前椎间隙高度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。最后随访时,A、B及C组临床疗效评估优良率分别为81.0%、80.6%及83.3%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后1年,椎间融合率分别为81.0%、83.3%及97.0%,A、B组与C组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;椎间隙高度丢失A组与B、C组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论BMP人工骨椎间融合器作为腰椎滑脱后路椎间融合的植骨材料,术后融合率高,椎间隙高度丢失少,临床疗效好,优于自体髂骨和自体骨椎间融合器。     

Solis融合器与自体髂骨块植骨联合钛板治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较Solis融合器与自体髂骨块植骨联合钛板治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效,并探讨Solis融合器的适应证选择和应用注意事项。方法回顾性分析自2008-01—2012-06行手术治疗且资料完整的39例单节段脊髓型颈椎病,行颈前路减压植骨融合术(ACDF),其中使用Solis融合器植骨融合者为A组(n=19),使用自体髂骨块植骨联合钛板内固定者为B组(n=20);2组性别比、年龄、病程、术前JOA评分及手术节段分布比较,差异均无统计学意义。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院时间、术后JOA评分及JOA改善率、椎间融合率和并发症发生率。结果所有患者获得随访22~45个月,平均32个月。术后症状改善率和融合率2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组1例发生融合器下沉,B组1例术后取骨区血肿形成、2例术后1年发生取骨处疼痛、2例术后发生吞咽困难,2组并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用Solis融合器和与自体髂骨块植骨联合钛板治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病均可取得较好的疗效,Solis融合器操作简便、术后并发症发生率较低,但对于严重骨质疏松的患者,不宜单独使用Solis融合器。     

三种融合材料在TLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱中融合作用的研究

目的比较在TLIF手术中使用自体髂骨、同种异体骨融合器、PEEKCage对术后融合率、椎间隙高度和临床疗效的差异。方法对38例腰椎滑脱行TLIF手术,根据不同的融合材料分为自体髂骨组(A组),同种异体骨融合器组(B组)和PEEK cage组(C组)。比较三组在不同时期的融合效果、椎间隙高度、JOA评分等情况。结果术后1周椎间隙高度和JOA评分在三组间无统计学差异(P0.05),三组术后椎间隙高度均有不同程度的丢失,以A组丢失明显。术后2年B组和C组JOA评分较A组高,差异有统计学差义。结论在TLIF手术中应用同种异体骨融合器和PEEK cage具有相似的疗效,均优于自体髂骨,可根据患者的实际情况选择。     

同种异体髂骨结合钢板在颈椎前路手术中的应用

[目的]探讨同种异体髂骨块植骨结合前路钢板在颈椎前路椎间植骨融合中的应用效果。[方法]对68例颈椎前路减压植骨融合的患者应用同种异体髂骨块植骨结合前路钢板，记录手术时间、术中出血量及定期X线片等资料，并与同期自体髂骨块植骨结合前路钢板的32例对照组的相关资料进行比较。[结果]同种异体髂骨块植骨结合前路钢板组与同期自体髂骨块植骨结合前路钢板组比较，手术时间以及手术出血量较后者显著减少（P〈0．05），随访1年，两组均成功实现椎体间骨融合，但前者融合时间较后者显著延长（P〈0．05），两组无1例发生钢板断裂或螺钉松动、滑脱。[结论]同种异体髂骨块植骨结合前路钢板，手术时间短，术中出血少，植骨可顺利融合，是颈椎前路手术较好的术式。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66融合器在颈椎前路椎间融合术中应用的中期效果

目的 :探讨纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66椎间融合器(n-HA/PA66 cage)重建颈椎前中柱稳定性的中期效果。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年1月在我院行颈前路减压椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)的患者。根据术中所用的植骨材料不同将患者分为两组:A组采用nHA/PA66 cage植骨融合,124例;B组采用PEEK cage植骨融合,50例。比较两组的性别、年龄、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率、术后影像学和临床疗效。影像学评价包括颈椎曲度、融合节段曲度、融合节段高度,采用Brantigan评分判断植骨融合和cage下沉、移位等情况。临床疗效采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分和颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)评价。结果 :两组患者性别比、年龄、术前VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI,术前颈椎曲度、融合节段高度、融合节段曲度、手术时间、术中出血量等均无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后B组2例患者出现短暂的咽喉部不适,术后72h消失,无吞咽困难发生。所有患者均未出现脑脊液漏、血肿、切口感染等并发症。所有患者术后均获得随访,A组随访52.10±24.30个月,B组随访49.50±26.50个月,两组随访时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访时两组患者VAS评分、NDI及JOA评分较术前均有显著性改善(P0.05);术后和末次随访时融合节段高度、融合节段曲度、颈椎曲度与术前比较均有显著性差异(P0.05),两组同时间点比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。A组2例患者cage出现下沉,B组3例患者cage出现下沉,两组下沉率比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。其他患者未发现cage移位、破裂以及其他内固定并发症。两组患者末次随访时均获得满意融合(Brantigan评分均≥3分),融合时间分别为4.2±1.8个月及4.1±2.0个月(P0.05)。结论:应用n-HA/PA66 cage行颈前路椎间植骨融合的骨融合率与PEEK cage相似,可维持融合节段高度及曲度,是一种较理想的颈椎前中柱重建材料。     

自体髂骨与同种异体骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折的比较

目的比较自体髂骨与同种异体骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2018-01采用重建肱骨近端内侧柱联合锁定钢板内固定诊治的17例Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折,其中10例采用自体髂骨植骨(自体骨组),7例采用同种异体骨植骨(异体骨组)。结果 17例均获得随访,随访时间为(22.1±8.6)个月。自体骨组手术时间较异体骨组长,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05); 2组住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、骨折愈合时间,末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Constant肩关节评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与异体骨组比较,自体骨组肱骨头内翻角度较小、肱骨远端沉降高度较低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论自体髂骨与同种异体骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer四部分肱骨近端骨折均能取得较好疗效,自体髂骨支撑植骨联合锁定钢板内固定在术后能获得更好的手术疗效。     

Data,information, knowledge,wisdom, and understanding

The digital age commenced in the mid-20th century and since we have seen approximately exponential growth in information. This period has also seen the rapid growth of computer technology that has facilitated, for instance, the derivation of whole genomes and automated drug discovery. Data, information, knowledge and wisdom lay the foundations for understanding how experience is formed from evidence and observations. When data are put into context, the resultant information can drive growth and further contribute to increased knowledge. Appreciating the source of data enables us to recognize and hopefully correct for inherent error and bias. Ultimately knowledge discovery can be automated to gain information from data and so on, enhancing our understanding of a given subject and expanding collective wisdom.     

Hypotension, hypoxia, and head injury: frequency, duration, and consequences

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies have suggested an association between systemic hypotension and hypoxia and worsened outcome from traumatic brain injury. Little is known, however, about the frequency and duration of these potentially preventable causes of secondary brain injury. HYPOTHESIS: Early episodes of hypoxia and hypotension occurring during initial resuscitation will have a significant impact on outcome following traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Urban level I trauma center. PATIENTS: Patients with a traumatic brain injury who had a Glasgow Coma Score of 12 or less within the first 24 hours of admission to the hospital and computed tomographic scan results demonstrating intracranial pathologic features. Patients who died in the emergency department were excluded from the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Automated blood pressure and pulse oximetry readings were collected prospectively from the time of arrival through initial resuscitation. The number and duration of hypotensive (systolic blood pressure, < or =90 mm Hg) and hypoxic (oxygen saturation, < or =92%) events were analyzed for their association with mortality and neurological outcome. RESULTS: One hundred seven patients met the enrollment criteria (median Glasgow Coma Score, 7). Overall mortality was 43%. Twenty-six patients (24%) had hypotension while in the emergency department, with an average of 1.5 episodes per patient (mean duration, 9.1 minutes). Of these 26 patients with hypotension, 17 (65%) died (P =.01). When the number of hypotensive episodes increased from 1 to 2 or more, the odds ratio for death increased from 2.1 to 8.1. Forty-one patients (38%) had hypoxia, with an average of 2.1 episodes per patient (mean duration, 8.7 minutes). Of these 41 patients with hypoxia, 18 (44%) died (P =.68). CONCLUSIONS: Hypotension, but not hypoxia, occurring in the initial phase of resuscitation is significantly (P =.009) associated with increased mortality following brain injury, even when episodes are relatively short. These prospective data reinforce the need for early continuous monitoring and improved treatment of hypotension in brain-injured patients.     

Distribution, elimination, and action of d-tubocurarine in neonates, infants, children, and adults

The relation of plasma concentration of d-tubocurarine (dTc) to neuromuscular blockade, and the distribution and urinary excretion of dTc was determined in neonates (n = 4), infants (n = 6), children (n = 8), and adults (n = 8). The plasma concentration-time course curves to 24 hr are best described for all groups by three-compartment models. Both neonates and infants exhibit decreased plasma clearance (CLP), 1.1 +/- 0.08 and 1.0 +/- 0.06 ml X kg-1 X min-1, and in addition a prolonged t1/2 terminal phase, 311 +/- 44 and 306 +/- 35 (mean +/- SEM, min). The neonates' 24-hr urinary excretion, 27 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM, % total dose) is significantly less than the adult value, 45 +/- 4% total dose. There was no significant difference seen in the log plasma concentration-evoked compound electromyogram (ECEMG) response between 20-80% paralysis for adults, children, infants, and five of the seven neonates studied. Two of the neonates had a significant shift of their log concentration-response curve to the right. There was also no significant difference between any of the groups in the time for 50% return of ECEMG stimulus height or the time required for recovery of the ECEMG from 25 to 75% of control value. for recovery of the ECEMG from 25 to 75% of control value.