颈髓损伤并发应激性溃疡的防治

目的研究颈髓损伤后发生应激性溃疡的机制、临床特点及预防治疗措施。方法回顾性分析6例颈髓损伤后发生应激性溃疡患者的临床资料。结果4例经保守治疗后治愈,2例死亡。结论颈髓损伤后发生应激性溃疡死亡率高,应早期预防。     

急性颈髓损伤后应激性溃疡的临床特点及治疗

目的 :总结急性颈髓损伤后应激性溃疡的临床特点及治疗体会。方法 :将 2 89例急性颈髓损伤患者按是否并发应激性溃疡 ,分为发病组和未发病组 ,并对两组的临床资料进行比较 ,其中包括 :性别、年龄、损伤平面、损伤程度、合并伤、并发症及早期应用激素。同时回顾性分析应激性溃疡的治疗方法。结果 :在年龄≥ 5 5岁、损伤平面在C4以上、完全性脊髓损伤、合并其它脏器损伤、并发肺内感染及早期应用大剂量甲基强的松龙方面 ,发病组与未发病组之间的差异具有显著性意义。经综合治疗 2 4h内出血停止 8例 ,2 4～ 48h出血停止 6例 ,48～ 72h出血停止 1例 ,1例因并发多脏器功能衰竭而死亡。结论 :急性颈髓损伤后应激性溃疡的发生与年龄、颈髓损伤的平面、损伤程度、合并伤、并发肺内感染及脊髓损伤后早期用药有关。诊断后应采取综合治疗     

颈髓损伤并发消化道应激性溃疡出血的临床分析

目的:探讨颈髓损伤患者并发消化道应激性溃疡的机制、预防和治疗。方法:1996年2月~2002年12月期间收治颈椎骨折脱位伴颈髓损伤患者279例,发生消化道应激性溃疡9例,其中完全性脊髓损伤患者6例,不完全性脊髓损伤患者3例。均给予胃肠减压、胃内灌洗及药物治疗。结果:9例患者治疗1~3d后,柏油便及胃肠减压咖啡样液体均消失,2例因并发呼吸循环衰竭于入院30d后死亡,与溃疡出血无关。结论:应激性溃疡是颈髓损伤治疗中不可忽略的并发症,对颈髓损伤患者应常规用药预防此并发症,并对出现应激性溃疡者积极治疗。     

急性中央性颈脊髓损伤综合征的诊断和治疗

急性中央性颈脊髓损伤综合征是较常见的脊髓不全损伤类型之一，多见于颈髓损伤。诊断和治疗很具特点，预后较好。我院自1997年5月-2005年5月，收治该综合征21例，就其中17例资料完整者，现报告如下。     

颈椎颈髓损伤与消化道应激性溃疡

随着交通和建筑事业的迅速发展,颈椎骨折合并颈髓损伤已成为骨科领域中常见的疾患。高位颈髓损伤可发生四肢瘫,其并发症可出现于损伤早期、恢复期和晚期。过去常将呼吸衰竭、呼吸道感染、褥疮、尿路感染等作为脊髓损伤的四大并发症,而对应激性溃疡较少报道。应激性溃疡(stressulcer,SU)是临床各种危重病人和严重创伤的并发症,易并发上消化道出血,发病率及死亡率高,预后凶险。但由于颈椎颈髓损伤后,损伤平面以下的躯体和四肢存在感觉和运动障碍,发生SU后,常不易及时发现,故常被忽视。作者就急性颈椎颈髓损伤并发SU的病因、诊断、预防及治…     

应激性溃疡大出血的诊断与治疗

应激性溃疡大出血的诊断与治疗第三军医大学新桥医院普外科（６３００３７）罗云生胃肠道是对严重创伤、休克、大面积烧伤、颅脑伤、大手术等反应比较强烈的部位。急性胃十二指肠溃疡也是在严重创伤后的一种常见并发症。由于原发创伤的不同，溃疡的发生部位、侵蚀的深度、...     

急性脊髓损伤并应激性溃疡的高危因素分析

目的探讨急性脊髓损伤(ASCI)并应激性溃疡的发病因素及预防措施。方法162例ASCI患者,并发应激性溃疡21例,分析其发病的相关高危因素。结果ASCI合并应激性溃疡的发生率与脊髓损伤的部位、程度、低血压、代谢性酸中毒等差异有显著性(P<0·05),与患者是否手术、高热、有无预防性应用甲氰咪呱等差异无显著性(P>0·05)。结论对ASCI后应激性溃疡的预防,应重视原发脊髓损伤与继发性病理生理的早期处理。     

骨科应激性溃疡诊断与治疗

应激性溃疡(stress ulcer,SU)是指机体在遭受各类严重创伤或身患危重疾病应激状态下,发生的急件浅表性胃、十二指肠黏膜糜烂和溃疡.研究发现80%以上的严重创伤或大手术后患者都有急性胃粘膜病变,但SU并发上消化道大出血时,死亡率接近50%,在骨科领域中,常继发于急性颈髓损伤,复杂的脊柱手术,人工关节置换术后和严重的骨盆骨折.     

颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡出血的诊治体会

目的 :探讨颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡上消化道出血的机制和防治。方法 :回顾性分析本科 1999年以来收治颅脑损伤 2 75例 ,其中并发应激性溃疡出血 41例。结果 :颅脑损伤愈重 ,GCS评分愈低 ,应激性溃疡发生率愈高 ;应用激素治疗者发病率高 ;预防性用药者 ,发生率低。结论 :应激性溃疡出血与GCS评分和糖皮质激素应用者有密切关系。     

重症颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡的护理分析

目的探讨重症颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡患者实施优质护理后的临床效果。方法收集2010年1月-2012年11月来我院就诊的重型颅脑损伤并发消化道应激性溃疡患者118例,将患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组59例,对照组实施常规护理方式。观察组采用优质护理措施。用统计学方法比较两组临床效果。结果研究组显效27例,有效30例,总有效率为96.61%,对照组为81.36%,研究组总有效率高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论重症颅脑损伤并发应激性溃疡患者实施优质护理能明显提高患者的有效率,改善患者预后,可以在临床推广应用。     

急性颈椎脊髓损伤的诊断和手术治疗

作者报告123例急性颈椎脊髓损伤,MRI检查46例.其中92例经颈前路于损伤节段施行减压和植骨融合术;18例行单开门椎管扩大成形加活页侧椎板间植骨术;13例行椎板切除减压,其中5例行“H”形植骨.术后随访4个月至3年.以临床症状、体征和影像检查评价其效果.结果:按照Frankle,功能分级法,术后神经功能提高一级以上者占87.2%.提示MRI对急性颈椎脊髓损伤早期诊断,预后判断及治疗方法的选择提供了可靠的依据.及时解除对脊髓的压迫,有助于神经功能的恢复.     

急性颈髓损伤围手术期处理探讨

目的 :探讨急性颈髓损伤围手术期处理 ,为降低手术危险性、促进功能康复提供依据。方法 :对我院 1989～ 1999年收治 5 0例手术病人进行回顾性分析。结果 :术前术后并发症发生率为 96.4%。术中 ,院内无死亡病人。按Frenkle标准优良率为 86.95 %。结论 :急性颈髓损伤病人病情复杂。术前对病人并发症、并发病积极处理 ,严格掌握手术时机。     

急性脊髓外伤后脑脊液脂质过氧化物的变化及意义

测定36例急性脊髓外伤患者伤后48h内CSF—LPO的含量,与正常对照组比较,同时对不同损伤程度及不同预后等的患者进行比较。采用医学统计学方法,予显著性t检验。结果显示急性脊髓外伤患者CSF-LPO含量显著高于正常对照组(P<0.001),且与脊髓损伤程度、脊髓水肿范围、脊髓受压、髓内出血以及预后有关。认为CSF—LPO含量增高,提示有脊髓损伤存在,其检测值的差异对早期估计脊髓损伤程度,指导临床治疗,判断预后有一定意义。     

Treatment Alternatives for Spinal Cord Injury Related Spasticity

Abstract

Spasticity is a disorder of the motor system that occurs after injury to the central nervous system, which may increase the disability of an individual with spinal cord injury (SCI). Treatment options detailed in this review include rehabilitation techniques and modalities, pharmacological options, injection techniques, intrathecal baclofen, and surgery. This review will hopefully help health professionals to be aware of the treatment alternatives available for patients with SCI related spasticity.     

Treatment of Heterotopic Ossification After Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

A new protocol in management of heterotopic ossification (HO) was evaluated in 46 patients after spinal cord injury (SCI). A group of 24 paraplegic and 22 tetraplegie patients was involved in a prospective study. Diagnosis of HO was made by bone scintigraphy and radiographic evaluation. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I was made up of 33 patients with positive bone scintigraphy and negative evidence of HO and Group II was made up of 13 patients with positive bone scintigraphy and positive radiographic evidence of HO. Etidronate was started intravenously (300 mg/day) for three days followed by oral therapy for six months (20 mg/kg/day). Follow-up of patients was 15.7±8 months after SCI. In Group I, etidronate therapy prevented the development of HO in 79 percent of patients; in 21 percent of patients, a low degree of tissue ossification was found which was not clinically significant. In Group II, there was an inhibitory effect of etidronate on progression of soft tissue ossification in six patients. The remaining seven patients did not respond to therapy and showed an increased growth of HO. Our data indicate that etidronate may prevent HO in the majority of patients when administered at an early stage of HO development and in higher doses than are routinely recommended. (J Spinal Cord Med 1997; 20:60-65)     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的手术治疗

目的：探讨外伤性无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤的手术指证、手术效果并分析影响疗效的因素。方法：外伤性无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤16例，手术治疗的方式均行单开门推管扩大成型术。结果：根据JOA17分法评分，术后脊髓功能均有改善。随访2个月-2年7个月，平均1年8个月。术后脊髓功能优良达81.3％。结论：外伤性无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤，应正确选择术式，早期行手术。     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的手术治疗方法与效果。方法我科自2000年10月至2007年10月手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤21例,其中单节段椎间盘突出4例,双节段椎间盘突出10例,三节段及多节段突出7例,合并椎体后缘骨赘6例,黄韧带肥厚5例,先天性椎体融合2例。合并先天性和发育性颈椎管狭窄9例。致压物主要来源于脊髓前方的单节段、二节段压迫脊髓,采用颈前路椎体次全切除减压自体髂骨植骨融合、带锁钛板内固定术14例。三节段及以上多节段压迫脊髓,采用颈后路单开门或双开门颈椎管扩大椎板成型术7例。结果 21例经平均30个月随访,2例完全性颈脊髓损伤术后难以忍受胸腹部束带感缓解,但四肢肌力、大小便功能无恢复。19例按JOA评分,术前平均5.58分,术后提高到11.46分。结论无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤,根据脊髓致压部位节段争取早期手术治疗,选择适当的手术方法,可较好地改善脊髓功能,提高病人的生活质量。     

Autonomic Hyperreflexia With Spinal Cord Injury

ABSTRACT

Autonomic hyperreflexia occurs in up to 85 percent of individuals with spinal cord injuries above the major splanchnic sympathetic outflow. In such cases, paroxysmal reflex sympathetic activity develops in response to noxious stimuli below the level of the neurologic lesion. The clinical features of autonomic hyperreflexia are due largely to reflex sympathetic adrenergic and cholinergic discharges with dysfunctional supraspinal regulatory control. Cephalgia, diaphoresis, flushing, tachycardia or bradycardia, and paroxysmal hypertension are most commonly observed. Although a variety of stimuli can provoke autonomic responses of variable magnitudes, bladder and bowel distention continue to account for most episodes. Removal of the offending stimulus is important to restoring the autonomic nervous system to its baseline activity. Current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical features, and medical management of this fascinating but potentially serious complication of spinal cord injury are reviewed.     

Breathlessness and Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Objective: To determine the impact of medical complications on adult outcomes of individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI).

Method: Structured interview including standardized measures.

Participants: Individuals who sustained SCI at age 1 8 years or younger and were 24 years of age or older at interview.

Outcome Measures: A structured interview covering employment, independent living and driving, and marriage. Standardized measures include the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART), the Short Form (SF-12), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).

Results: Two hundred sixteen individuals were interviewed, with a mean age at injury of 14 years and a mean age at follow-up of 29 years. Of all the complications, pressure ulcers, severe urinary tract infection (UTI), and spasticity had the greatest impact on adult outcomes. Pressure ulcers were statistically related to all main outcomes. Severe UTI was statistically associated with all the outcomes except for marriage. Spasticity was associated with all the measured outcomes, except for marriage and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was most significantly associated with severe UTI, pressure ulcers, pain, and respiratory complications.

Conclusion: Medical complications significantly affect adult outcomes of individuals with pediatric-onset SCI.     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的比较手术和保守治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤后,脊髓功能恢复程度的差异。方法回顾性分析28例无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者,其中13例行保守治疗,15例行手术治疗。根据损伤时日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,治疗后随访JOA评分,比较治疗前后JOA评分的增加幅度。结果治疗后3个月JOA评分的增加幅度:保守组为1.92±0.58,手术组为4.93±0.91,治疗后6个月JOA评分增加幅度:保守组为2.71±0.64,手术组为6.24±0.93;治疗后12个月JOA评分增加幅度:保守组为4.23±0.75,手术组为7.80±0.98。经t检验,两组差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论手术治疗效果明显优于保守治疗,无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤一旦确诊,应当积极争取早期手术。