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1.
目的 分析绝经后骨质疏松人群雌激素受体(ER)基因XbaⅠ多态性与骨密度的相关性以及在基因多态性下年龄、绝经年限及体重指数(BMI)对骨密度的影响。方法 用双能X线骨密度仪检测患者151例,以PCR-RFLP的方法检测ER基因XbaⅠ多态性,SPSS软件进行相关回归分析。结果 ER基因型的频率分布为XX型16.6%,Xx型67.5%,xx型15.9%,XX型的骨密度在腰椎、股骨颈和Ward’s三角要高于Xs型和xx型。但ER多态性与骨密度无相关性。在Xx型和XX型人群中年龄越大,绝经年限越长,腰椎和股骨上端骨密度则越低。在XX型中,BMI是影响股骨颈和Ward’s三角骨密度的主要因素。而在xx型中,腰椎和ward’s三角骨密度与年龄、BMI和绝经年限无相关性,绝经年限与股骨颈骨密度相关,大转子与BMI相关。结论 福州地区绝经后骨质疏松人群ER基因XbaⅠ基因型与骨密度无明显相关性,但在不同基因型人群中,其骨密度的丢失趋势和影响因素也各异,临床上应采用不同的防治措施。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨哈尔滨市绝经后妇女雌激素受体α(ER-α)基因和维生素D受体(VDR)基因多态性与骨密度的关系。方法对哈尔滨市81例无亲缘关系汉族健康妇女进行PCR-RFLP测定ER-α基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性和VDR基因BSMⅠ多态性,用双能X线吸收法测定骨密度(BMD)。结果本研究人群PP、Pp及pp基因型频率分别为13.6%、49.4%、37.0%;XX、Xx及xx基因型频率各为4.9%、40.7%、54.4%;BB、Bb及bb基因型频率各为0%、16.0%、84.0%,t检验分析各基因型与BMD值的关系显示:绝经后妇女中,雌激素受体基因型仅与腰椎骨密度有显著差异。维生素D受体基因型在股骨颈、大转子部位有显著差异。PvuⅡ多态性和BSMⅠ多态性共同作用对骨密度影响更大。结论雌激素受体、维生素D受体基因型分布频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律,并且与骨密度有一定的关联,尤其是基因与基因的共同作用与骨密度的关系更为密切。  相似文献   

3.
目的 对中国南方绝经后妇女雌激素受体(ER)基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ核酸限制性内切酶多态性与脊柱骨质疏松的关系进行病例一对照调查,了解ER基因多态性与妇女绝经后脊柱骨质疏松的关系。方法 182名中国南方绝经后妇女,均用DEXA检测腰椎(L2-5)的骨密度,用PCR—RFLP鉴定雌激素受体的基因型。分析ER基因多态性与骨密度关系以及各基因型在骨质疏松组与对照组的分布。结果 骨密度呈以下分布规律:PP〈Pp〈PP、xx〈Xx〈XX。PP,PPxx,Ppxx的骨密度较其他基因型低。在分层分析中,表明PP型及复合基因型PPxx及Ppxx型在脊柱的骨质疏松组中的分布频率高于对照组,差异有显著性(P〈0.01)。结论 ER基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ核酸限制性内Ⅵ酶多态性与骨质疏松存在关系,可以将ER基因PvuⅡ和Xbal多态性作为在中国南方进行筛选绝经后脊柱骨质疏忪高危人群的依据之一。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨内蒙古地区蒙古族男性雌激素受体a(estrogen receptor,ER)基因多态性与骨密度(BMD)的关系.方法采用PCR- 限制性片段长度多态性检测500名无血缘关系的蒙古族健康男性ER- a基因XbaⅠ和PvuⅡ多态性,结合双能X 线吸收仪检查腰椎(L2-L4)和股骨近端股骨颈( femoral neck)、大转子区( trochanter) 和Ward三角部位BMD.结果 本研究人群XbaⅠ和PvuⅡ等位基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg 定律.PvuⅡ多态性与腰椎(L2-L4)和Ward三角部位BMD 值均有相关性( P<0.05),而XbaⅠ多态性与各部位BMD 值均无相关性; PP基因型在上述部位平均BMD值明显高于Pp和pp 基因型(P< 0.05).结论 本研究结果提示ER-a基因PvuⅡ多态性直接影响蒙古族男性松质骨的骨峰值.  相似文献   

5.
[目的]对中国南方绝经后妇女中雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ核酸限制性内切酶多态性与骨质疏松症的关系进行了病例一对照调查。[方法]研究对象总共182名中国南方绝经后妇女,研究对象均用DEXA检测骨密度,用PCR-RFLP的方法鉴定雌激素受体的基因型,分析雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的关系及各基因型在骨质疏松组与对照组的分布。[结果]PP、xx、Ppxx、PPxx型在骨质疏松组中的分布频率高于正常对照组,差别有统计学意义。PP、XX、Ppxx、PPxx4种基因型的携带者比正常人骨质疏松的易患程度分别高2.46、2.972、2.2、15倍。[结论]可以将ER基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ多态性作为在中国南方进行筛选绝经后骨质疏松症的高危人群的依据之一。  相似文献   

6.
目的 通过雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ基因分型,筛选绝经后骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 检测759例绝经后骨质疏松症者腰椎、股骨上段的骨密度和198例雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ基因型,分析不同基因型的年龄、体重指数等因素与骨密度的相关性。结果 在PP型,低体重是股骨颈、大转子骨密度的危险因素;在pp型,高龄是大转子、Ward’s区骨密度的危险因素;在Pp型,高龄是腰椎、股骨颈、Ward’s骨密度的危险因素;低体重是股骨颈、大转子骨密度的危险因素。结论 通过雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ多态性筛选危险因素对临床防治绝经后骨质疏松有重要的指导价值。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨安徽地区绝经后妇女雌激素受体(ER)基因多态性的分布及其与骨密度的相关性。方法随机选择288名安徽合肥地区健康绝经后妇女,运用双能X线骨密度吸收法(DEXA)测定腰椎和股骨颈、大转子骨密度(BMD),并采用PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性)法分析ER基因多态性,并分析其相关性。结果安徽地区绝经后妇女ER基因型分布频率PP(13.2%)、Pp(45.8%)、pp(40.9%),XX(5.21%)、Xx(31.6%)、xx(63.2%),联合PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ这两种基因型后得到:PPXX(5.6%),PPXx(3.8%),PPxx(6.3%),PpXX(1.4%),PpXx(23.3%),Ppxx(25%),ppxx(34.7%),未检测到ppXX及ppXx型。PvuⅡ多态性与绝经后妇女腰椎BMD相关,PP基因型腰椎BMD显著低于pp和Pp基因型(P〈0.05),ER基因P等位基因是一种有益于骨量的基因型。XbaⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女各部位BMD间无明显相关性(P〉0.05)。联合分析PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女BMD相关性发现,有Px单倍型的妇女腰椎部位的BMD显著低于无此单倍型的妇女(P〈0.01)。结论ER基因PVuⅡ多态性与绝经后妇女腰椎BMD有相关性,PP基因型妇女腰椎BMD减低,而具有Px单倍型的ER基因可能对BMD有不利影响。  相似文献   

8.
目的研究呼和浩特地区汉族老年男性髋部骨折患者雌激素受体基因多态性与骨质疏松症的关系。方法收集老年男性髋部骨质疏松性骨折128例,按年龄配比选取汉族男性健康体检者128名,进行病例对照研究。所有受试者均行骨密度检查,并进行雌激素受体基因多态性检测。结果骨质疏松组雌激素受体PvuⅡ基因型PP、Pp及pp频率分别为7.8%,42.2%和50.0%;对照组雌激素受体PvuⅡ基因型PP、Pp及pp频率分别为13.3%,53.9%和32.8%,卡方检验提示,骨质疏松组和对照组之间Pp,pp,PP三种基因型的频率分布差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。骨质疏松组雌激素受体XbaI基因型XX、Xx及xx频率分别为4.7%,44.5%和50.8%;对照组雌激素受体PvuⅡ基因型XX、Xx及xx频率分别为3.1%,39.1%和57.8%,卡方检验提示,骨质疏松组和对照组之间XX、Xx及xx三种基因型的频率分布差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论雌激素受体基因型分布频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律,呼和浩特地区老年男性ERα基因基因PvuⅡ酶切位点与原发性骨质疏松症存在相关性。老年髋部骨折与雌激素受体基因多态性可能存在相关性。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨中国北方地区汉族人群中的雌激素α受体(ERα)的XbaⅠ和PvuⅡ基因多态性与乳腺癌的关系。方法选取138例女性乳腺癌患者和140例年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照,应用RFLP方法,对其ERα基因的XbaⅠ和PvuⅡ基因多态性进行鉴定;分析XbaⅠ和PvuⅡ基因多态性与罹患乳腺癌危险性的关系。结果正常中国北方汉族人群ERα的XbaⅠ和PvuⅡ等位基因频率分别为X289%,P396%;XX和PP基因型频率分别是43%和150%。乳腺癌组和对照组的Xx基因型频率分别为348%和493%(P=0013),X等位基因携带者(XX和Xx)频率分别为391%和536%(P=0016)。与xx基因型相比,杂合子Xx基因型和X等位基因携带者(XX和Xx)的OR分别为0538(95%CI0330~0879)和0557(95%CI0346~0897),二者患乳腺癌的危险性降低。这种差异在绝经后的女性中尤为显著,OR值分别为0366(95%CI0161~0834)和0371(95%CI0167~0823)。PvuⅡ基因型的分布在乳腺癌组和对照组之间没有差异,对绝经前后的患病率也没有明显影响。结论ERα的XbaⅠ基因多态性影响中国汉族女性罹患乳腺癌的危险性,尤其是对绝经后的妇女,X等位基因具有降低乳腺癌危险的作用。ERα的PvuⅡ基因多态性对女性罹患乳腺癌的危险性没有明显影响。  相似文献   

10.
目的对中国南方绝经后妇女中雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ核酸限制性内切酶多态性与骨质疏松症的关系进行了病例一对照调查。方法中国南方绝经后妇女182人,分为骨质疏松组和正常对照组,每组91人;均用DEXA检测骨密度,用PCR—RFLP的方法鉴定雌激素受体的基因型,分析雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的关系及各基因型在骨质疏松组与对照组的分布。结果PP、xx、Ppxx、PPxx型在骨质疏松组中的分布频率高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义。PP、xx、Ppxx、PPxx四种基因型的携带者比正常人骨质疏松的易患程度分别高2.46、2.972、2.2、15倍。结论可以将ER基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ多态性作为在中国南方进行筛选绝经后骨质疏松症的高危人群的依据之一。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

15.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

16.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

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