全膝关节置换术围手术期复合镇痛疗效观察

目的评价全膝置换围手术期复合镇痛效果,探讨最佳镇痛方案。方法将2006年1月至2008年1月我院收治的90例单侧全膝关节置换（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）手术患者随机分成两组,采用不同镇痛方案进行围手术期镇痛治疗,对术后疼痛情况进行积分分析并观察并发症。结果积极持续的镇痛方法具有明显的镇痛效果,患者满意率及功能康复效果取得明显改善。结论TKA术围手术期采用积极、持续、综合的镇痛措施具有重要意义。     

全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛研究进展

全膝关节置换术(TKA)围手术期的疼痛管理是TKA手术重要的一环,对疼痛的良好控制有助于减少术后相关并发症发生以及促进患者快速康复。口服镇痛药物、关节腔周围注射、外周神经阻滞等镇痛方式可以减轻患者术后疼痛,减少阿片类药物的应用及其不良反应,降低术后并发症发生的风险,但是目前还没有一种镇痛方式能够彻底缓解TKA围手术期疼痛。该文对目前TKA围手术期镇痛研究进展作一综述。     

全膝关节置换术后应用连续股神经阻滞镇痛和静脉自控镇痛的效果比较

目的比较连续股神经阻滞镇痛（CFNB）和静脉患者自控镇痛（PCIA）在全膝关节置换手术（TKA）围手术期的镇痛效果及术后1年膝关节功能评估的随访结果。方法选取2008年11月至2009年10月因膝关节骨关节炎行TKA的患者60例,数字随机分成2组,每组30例（n=30）。分别给予PCIA和CFNB作为术后镇痛方式。两组患者均采用腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉方式。在围手术期,采用视觉模拟（VAS）评分法观察患者的疼痛评分。记录吗啡累计用量,观察患肢肌力,初次下地时间及镇痛相关并发症等指标。在术后1年随访时,根据膝关节学会评分系统（KSS）对患者膝关节功能进行评估。结果在术后6、12、24、36、48h静息状态下,CFNB组的疼痛评分（VAS评分）均比PCIA组明显低（P〈0.05）。术后24h,48h进行膝关节持续被动活动（CPM）时累计吗啡用量均比PCIA组明显低（P〈0.05）。嗜睡、恶心呕吐等不良反应也低于PCIA组。术后1年,两组在膝关节功能评价方面无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论 CFNB在TKA术中的初期镇痛效果优于PCIA。与PCIA相比,CFNB患者术后不良反应较少,膝关节功能恢复更好,患者的满意程度更高。为TKA术后镇痛策略中一种安全、实用和有效的方法。术后1年,两组患者在功能评估方面无统计学差异。     

绩效考核在规范围手术期镇痛管理的效果

【摘要】〓目的 〓分析绩效考核在规范围手术期镇痛管理的效果。方法〓采用历史对照研究,抽取我院2014年3月~2014年8月腹部外科手术患者100例作为观察组,2013年7月~2013年12月100例腹部外科手术患者设为对照组,对两组围手术期镇痛管理效果进行比较。结果〓两组患者术后疼痛情况比较显示,观察组1 d、2 d、3 d疼痛最大值和疼痛均值均低于对照组(P<0.05),镇痛管理满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后3 d睡眠时间明显长于对照组,平均下床活动时间明显早于对照组,观察组并发症发生率为8%,明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论〓将绩效考核纳入围手术期镇痛管理,可全面提升护理质量,实现护理目标,是当前切实可行的护理管理模式。     

全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛的研究现状

全膝关节置换术(TKA)是当前公认的治疗膝关节顽固性疼痛与非手术治疗无效的功能障碍的最有效方法,但TKA术后常伴随严重的疼痛.良好的围手术期镇痛对早期功能康复具有关键性的作用[1],缓解患者痛苦的同时,降低并发症的发生率,缩短住院时间,提高对手术的满意度.     

不同止血带使用方法对TKA围手术期失血量影响的临床研究

目的研究人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）中两种不同止血带使用方法对围手术失血总量的影响。方法选取2009年1月至2010年6月60例60～75岁单侧TKA患者进行研究,随机分成A组（30例,术中采用截骨完成后使用止血带至手术结束）和B组（30例,术中采用全程在止血带下完成手术）,所有手术均由同一组医师完成,比较A、B两组患者围手术期总失血量、显性出血量、隐性失血量、输血比例、输血量及手术时间的差异。结果 A组在显性失血量、手术时间较B组明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而在围手术期总失血量、隐性失血量、输血比例、输血量A组较B组明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在TKA手术当中截骨完成后开始使用止血带的方法,是一种能够明显减少围手术期总失血量、降低输血比例及输血量的新手术方式,同时减少了手术后并发症的发生率。     

收肌管阻滞用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛的研究进展

正全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)常导致术后剧烈疼痛,影响术后早期活动和功能锻炼[1],增加术后膝关节僵直[2]、深静脉血栓等围术期并发症的风险,影响手术效果。因此,充分的TKA术后镇痛显得尤为重要。由于镇痛效能强,多年来普遍使用硬膜外方式进行     

伴有心脏疾患病人全膝关节置换术中关节周围大剂量布比卡因注射镇痛的疗效和安全性

[目的]研究人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)中关节周围软组织注射含有大剂量布比卡因的混合药物进行术后镇痛对于伴有心脏疾患病人的临床疗效以及有无毒副反应。[方法]35例准备进行单侧TKA的骨关节炎病人根据是否伴发心脏疾患分为心脏病组(12例)和非心脏病组(23例)。在围手术期所有患者按相同镇痛方案治疗,术中关节周围注射Ranawat Cocktail镇痛药液(包含0.75%布比卡因250 mg,吗啡4 mg,肾上腺素0.3 mg,甲基强的松龙40 mg,头孢唑啉0.5 g,生理盐水57 ml)。记录患者术后疼痛VAS评分、满意度、膝关节活动度、主动直腿抬高时间、伤口并发症、术后住院天数、心电图异常及心血管并发症等。[结果]两组病人术后VAS评分、满意度、膝关节活动度、主动直腿抬高时间和术后住院天数均无统计学差异,所有病人无伤口并发症以及心血管并发症发生。[结论]在TKA术中,关节周围注射含有大剂量布比卡因的Ranawat Cocktail混合药物对伴发心脏疾患的病人同样可以提供很好的术后镇痛效果,并且具有良好的安全性。     

肛肠病围手术期的综合镇痛疗法

目的:探讨综合镇痛疗法在肛肠病围手术期的止痛效果。方法:对我院330例肛肠病围手术期采取不同镇痛方法的临床资料进行分析。结果:患者采取综合镇痛疗法后的疼痛程度低于对照组(P<0.01),Ⅱ级疼痛人数占2.5％,无Ⅲ级疼痛出现。综合镇痛疗法满意度97％,而对照组平均为60.3％。结论:肛肠病围手术期的综合镇痛疗法贯穿于术前、术中及术后每个阶段,采用综合镇痛疗法最大限度缓解了肛肠病围手术期疼痛,降低了术后并发症的发生率。     

多模式镇痛在腹腔镜脾脏切除加贲门周围血管离断术围手术期中的应用

目的 :探讨基于加速康复外科(FTS)理念的围手术期多模式镇痛在腹腔镜脾脏切除加贲门周围血管离断术(LS+PDA)中的临床应用价值。方法:2015年9月—2017年3月陕西中医药大学附属医院对69例门静脉高压患者实施LS+PDA,以随机法分成两组,37例采用传统的围手术期镇痛方案(简称传统组),32例采用基于FTS理念的围手术期多模式镇痛方案(简称FTS组)。比较两组患者的术后疼痛程度、下床活动时间、进食时间、肛门排气时间、胃管减压留置时间、术后72 h睡眠时间、术后住院时间、术后不良反应等。结果:FTS组术后1、4、8、12、24、48及72 h的疼痛数字评估量表评分(VAS)均明显小于传统组(P0.05)。FTS组术后下床活动时间、进食时间、肛门排气时间、胃管加压留置时间及术后住院时间均明显短于传统组(P0.01),而术后72 h睡眠时间明显比传统组延长(P0.01)。FTS组术后恶心呕吐、反酸、呼吸困难、脾热等并发症发生率明显低于传统组(P0.05),胸腹水形成及尿潴留发生率两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。FTS组术后镇痛效果患者整体满意率明显高于传统组(P0.05)。结论:LS+PDA围手术期采用基于FTS理念的多模式镇痛安全、有效,基本能够达到全程无痛的手术效果。     

全膝关节置换术中关节周围注射混合镇痛液的疗效观察

目的探讨全膝关节置换（TKA）中向关节周围注射混合镇痛液的疗效。方法将本组48例行TKA的患者随机分成两组,24例行术中关节周围注射混合镇痛药,另24例不注射任何药物,两组均在术后48h内使用患者白控镇痛（PCA）,术后于不同时间点分别记录PCA的用量,采用视觉模拟疼痛量表（VAS）评估患者疼痛程度。结果注射组在术后各时段PCA使用量和48h内PCA使用总量比对照组明显少（P〈0．05）。与对照组相比,注射组术后在第2、6、10、12、24、36、48小时的静息状态VAS评分和术后24、36、48小时活动状态下的VAS评分明显低（P〈0．05）;两组患者在术后第3、7、15、42天静息和活动状态下的VAS评分间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论TKA术中向关节周围注射混合镇痛液在术后早期可有效缓解疼痛并减少阿片类药物的用量。     

Efficacy of periarticular multimodal drug injection in total knee arthroplasty. A randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Postoperative analgesia with the use of parenteral opioids or epidural analgesia can be associated with troublesome side effects. Good perioperative analgesia facilitates rehabilitation, improves patient satisfaction, and may reduce the hospital stay. We investigated the analgesic effect of locally injected drugs around a total knee prosthesis. METHODS: Sixty-four patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized either to receive a periarticular intraoperative injection containing ropivacaine, ketorolac, epimorphine, and epinephrine or to receive no injection. The perioperative analgesic regimen was standardized. All patients in both groups received patient-controlled analgesia for twenty-four hours after the surgery, and this was followed by standard analgesia. Visual analog scores for pain, during activity and at rest, and for patient satisfaction were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively and at the six-week follow-up examination. The consumption of patient-controlled analgesia at specific postoperative time-points and the overall analgesic requirement were measured. RESULTS: The patients who had received the injection used significantly less patient-controlled analgesia at six hours, at twelve hours, and over the first twenty-four hours after the surgery. In addition, they had higher visual analog scores for patient satisfaction and lower visual analog scores for pain during activity in the post-anesthetic-care unit and four hours after the operation. No cardiac or central nervous system toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative periarticular injection with multimodal drugs can significantly reduce the requirements for patient-controlled analgesia and improve patient satisfaction, with no apparent risks, following total knee arthroplasty.     

Three-in-one nerve block with different concentrations of bupivacaine in total knee arthroplasty: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Pain after total knee arthroplasty may be severe and lead to adverse outcomes. Using 2 concentrations of bupivacaine, we investigated 3-in-1 nerve block's effect on pain control, narcotic use, sedation, and patient satisfaction. One hundred five patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomized into 3 groups: low-dose or high-dose bupivacaine or placebo. Ninety-nine patients completed the study. Three-in-1 nerve block reduced patient-controlled opioid analgesia usage and improved pain relief in the early postoperative period but had little effect beyond postoperative day 1. There were no significant differences among groups with respect to nausea or sedation. Patients in each group exhibited high overall satisfaction. Low-dose bupivacaine was superior to high-dose bupivacaine for pain relief, narcotic consumption, and patient satisfaction in the early postoperative period.     

全膝关节置换术中关节周围局部注药镇痛效果的研究

[目的]围手术期使用鸦片类药物或椎管内麻醉镇痛会带来很多副作用。良好的围手术期镇痛有利于康复,增加患者对医院的满意度,减少住院时间。作者做全膝关节假体周围注药疗效的研究。[方法]38名全膝关节置换患者随机分为2组:一组接受吗啡、布比卡因、甲强龙、肾上腺素,而另外一组不接受注药。围手术期镇痛方案标准化。所有的患者术后48h接受患者自控式的镇痛,随访采用标准化镇痛方案。可视模拟的疼痛评分,记录患者在术前、术后和术后6周的疼痛评分。并衡量术后特定时间点的自控镇痛消耗量,全面的镇痛要求。[结果]接受注药的患者术后24h注药组为(28.26±8.14)mg,对照组为(40.16±9.17)mg,t=4.229,P=0.00,注药组对镇痛的需求量显著降低;术后48h注药组为(48.79±11.43)mg,对照组为(66.58±10.93)mg,t=4.904,P=0.00,注药组对镇痛的要求显著降低。在术后24、48h使用的自控镇痛明显减少。术后复苏、术后4h、术后1d时的疼痛评分降低。未发现心脏和中枢神经系统的毒性。[结论]全膝关节置换术中注射多种药物显著的降低了患者自控镇痛,提高了患者满意度,并且未见明显副作用。     

Three-in-One Nerve Block With Different Concentrations of Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty : Randomized,Placebo-Controlled,Double-Blind Trial

Pain after total knee arthroplasty may be severe and lead to adverse outcomes. Using 2 concentrations of bupivacaine, we investigated 3-in-1 nerve block's effect on pain control, narcotic use, sedation, and patient satisfaction. One hundred five patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomized into 3 groups: low-dose or high-dose bupivacaine or placebo. Ninety-nine patients completed the study. Three-in-1 nerve block reduced patient-controlled opioid analgesia usage and improved pain relief in the early postoperative period but had little effect beyond postoperative day 1. There were no significant differences among groups with respect to nausea or sedation. Patients in each group exhibited high overall satisfaction. Low-dose bupivacaine was superior to high-dose bupivacaine for pain relief, narcotic consumption, and patient satisfaction in the early postoperative period.     

不同剂量氨酚羟考酮对膝关节置换术后镇痛效果的研究

目的观察口服氨酚羟考酮片在膝关节置换术后患者中的镇痛疗效和安全性,选择最佳的给药剂量。方法选择行单侧全膝关节置换患者50例,随机分为氨酚羟考酮10mg组和5mg组,均为Q8H给药,同时使用股神经阻滞（0.2%罗哌卡因）,两组患者均维持镇痛5 d。术后记录静息痛、康复锻炼疼痛最重时、康复锻炼结束时疼痛评分、膝关节被动活动度、膝关节主动活动度,记录功能活动时疼痛：下床、行走、即刻松拐疼痛评分,以及药物相关的并发症。结果氨酚羟考酮10mg组患者在术后1 d、3 d的静息痛VAS评分及膝关节主动活动优于5mg组,不良反应发生率10mg组为26.7%,5mg组为10%。结论氨酚羟考酮用于全膝关节置换术后康复镇痛效果良好,建议在术后早期（1～3天）使用10mg,Q8H给药,以缓解患者的静息痛、锻炼痛,之后可以减药量为5mg,Q8H,也可以达到满意的功能表现,同时减少药物的副作用。     

Continuous femoral nerve block in total knee arthroplasty: immediate and two-year outcomes

We conducted a prospective study to investigate the immediate and 2-year outcomes of total knee arthroplasty patients who received continuous femoral nerve block (FNB) for analgesia. Sixty patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomized into 3 groups and received high-dose continuous FNB, low-dose continuous FNB, or no FNB. In the immediate postoperative period, we studied their pain scores, cumulative morphine use, any FNB-related complications, time of first ambulation, and patient satisfaction. At 2 years, we assessed their functional outcomes with Oxford knee questionnaire and Knee Society clinical rating system. Immediately after surgery, there was less pain, higher satisfaction, and lower morphine use among patients on continuous FNB regardless of ropivacaine dosage used. At 2 years, there were no significant differences in functional outcomes.     

Does Dexamethasone Reduce Hospital Readiness for Discharge,Pain, Nausea,and Early Patient Satisfaction in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? A Randomized,Controlled Trial

Background

Reduction in postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty may facilitate earlier discharge from hospital and reduce healthcare costs. This study was performed to primarily assess whether perioperative dexamethasone reduced hospital length of stay and to assess the effect on pain, nausea and vomiting, and patient satisfaction.