经口咽入路钢板内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折

目的:分析应用经口咽入路钢板内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法:2007年7月至2011年6月,应用经口咽入路钢板内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折8例,男6例,女2例;年龄23～48岁,平均39.5岁;高处坠落伤5例,交通伤3例。双侧寰椎前弓骨折(前1/2 Jefferson骨折,Landells type Ⅰ)3例,单侧寰椎前后弓双骨折(半环Jefferson骨折,Landells typeⅡ)3例,双侧寰椎前后弓双骨折伴单侧侧块骨折(Landells typeⅢ)2例。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间6～24个月,平均13个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。平均手术时间为98min(80～140min);平均出血量为200ml(100～300ml);平均透视时间55s;术中术后均未发生神经、椎动脉损伤和其他手术相关并发症。复查X线片及CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉。结论:经口咽入路采用寰椎侧块螺钉固定钢板重建寰椎前环是治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的一种可靠及安全的方法。它既保持了寰枢关节的旋转运动功能,同时又恢复了寰枕关节和寰枢关节的协调运动。     

经口咽入路内固定治疗孤立性寰椎骨折临床疗效分析

目的评价应用经口咽入路内固定治疗孤立性寰椎骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2008年7月～2010年12月,应用经口咽入路钢板内固定治疗10例孤立性寰椎骨折患者,其中3例双侧寰椎前弓骨折（前1/2 Jefferson骨折,Landells typeⅠ）、5例单侧寰椎前后弓双骨折（半环Jefferson骨折,Landells typeⅡ）、2例寰椎前弓骨折合并寰椎后弓发育不良。结果所有病例术后随访10～24个月,平均15个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。平均手术时间为100 min（80～120 m in）;平均出血量为200 mL（100～300 mL）;平均透视时间60 s;10例患者术均未发生神经、椎动脉和其他手术相关并发症。随访复查X线片和CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉。结论经口咽入路采用C1侧块螺钉固定钢板重建寰椎前环是治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的一种新的技术方法。它既保持了C1/C2关节的旋转运动功能,同时又恢复了寰枕关节和寰枢关节的协调运动。     

C1，2椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定融合技术治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）的临床疗效和应用价值。 方法 对2005年5月~2008年1月收治的17例寰椎骨折病例进行回顾性分析,患者均予后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定术并行自体髂骨植骨融合。 结果 术中未发生与置钉相关的并发症。所有病例术后均获随访,随访时间为12~24个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。复查X线片、CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰枢椎均获骨性融合。术后随访效果满意。 结论 寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）,能使上颈椎获得即刻稳定,效果良好,是寰枢椎后路固定术中较好的手术方式之一。     

C1,2椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）疗效分析

目的探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定融合技术治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）的临床疗效和应用价值。方法对2005年5月-2008年1月收治的17例寰椎骨折病例进行回顾性分析,患者均予后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定术并行自体髂骨植骨融合。结果术中未发生与置钉相关的并发症。所有病例术后均获随访,随访时间为12-24个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。复查X线片、CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰枢椎均获骨性融合。术后随访效果满意。结论寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）,能使上颈椎获得即刻稳定,效果良好,是寰枢椎后路固定术中较好的手术方式之一。     

后路寰椎钉板系统内固定治疗不稳定型Jefferson骨折

目的:探讨后路钉板系统单纯寰椎内固定治疗不稳定型Jefferson骨折的可行性及临床疗效。方法:2005年2月~2009年10月共收治外伤后不稳定型Jefferson骨折患者10例,男7例,女3例,均有枕颈部疼痛及活动受限,术前VAS评分平均7.5分,4例伴随脊髓功能损伤表现,Frankel分级C级1例,D级3例。均采用后路钉板系统单纯经寰椎椎弓根固定治疗,随访观察临床疗效、骨折复位及稳定性、手术并发症等情况。结果:手术时间70～120min,平均90min;术中出血110～300ml,平均200ml,无脊髓损伤、硬膜破裂及椎动脉损伤等并发症。患者枕颈部疼痛均明显减轻,术后VAS评分平均2.1分;伴脊髓损伤患者神经功能均恢复正常;影像学复查示所有患者达解剖复位,螺钉位置良好。随访8～48个月,平均25个月,患者寰椎骨折均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为6个月。患者颈部的前屈与后伸35°～42°,平均38°;左右旋转60°～73°,平均66°;左右侧屈40°～45°,平均42°,颈椎活动度接近正常。结论:后路钉板系统单纯寰椎椎弓根内固定治疗不稳定型Jefferson骨折具有复位效果好、融合率高、寰枢椎活动度保留完整、手术并发症少等特点,为Jefferson骨折的治疗提供了一种新的术式。     

侧块钉板固定器治疗寰椎前弓游离并寰枢关节不稳5例

目的探讨寰枢椎不稳后路手术治疗的一种方式。方法用北大第三医院王超教授设计的钛制寰枢椎侧块钉板固定器,改良的椎弓根钉螺钉和侧块钛板相结合治疗寰椎前弓游离并寰枢关节不稳5例。结果探所有螺钉均成功植入,复位固定满意。5例患者全部得到随访,随访12-24个月,平均21个月,均达到骨性愈合。没有神经、血管损伤,未发现螺钉松动、断钉和寰枢椎再移位病例。所有患者颈部前屈后伸及旋转功能良好,结果满意。结论探该型骨折并寰枢关节不稳后路选择寰枢椎侧块钉板固定使治疗变的安全、确切、稳定。     

枢椎棘突螺钉单侧应用联合对侧椎弓根螺钉固定的有限元分析

目的分析枢椎棘突螺钉单侧应用联合对侧椎弓根螺钉固定在寰枢和枕颈固定中的生物力学稳定性。方法构建正常枢椎解剖、椎板薄和椎动脉变异椎弓根细小3种不同解剖状态下的完整上部颈椎有限元模型作为完整模型组,然后分别模拟齿状突骨折进行寰枢固定和寰椎骨折进行枕颈固定。在寰枢固定中,比较单侧枢椎棘突螺钉+对侧椎弓根螺钉+双侧寰椎侧块螺钉固定组(棘突螺钉组)和枢椎双侧椎弓根螺钉+双侧寰椎侧块螺钉固定组(椎弓根螺钉组);在枕颈固定中,比较单侧枢椎棘突螺钉+对侧椎弓根螺钉+枕骨螺钉固定组(棘突螺钉组)和枢椎双侧椎弓根螺钉+枕骨螺钉固定组(椎弓根螺钉组)。枢椎棘突螺钉分别测试水平、斜向、垂直置钉3种不同的固定技术。模拟颈椎运动,测量枕颈的屈伸、侧屈、旋转的关节活动范围(ROM)。结果在寰枢和枕颈固定中,棘突螺钉组和椎弓根螺钉组的C1~C2屈伸、侧屈、旋转ROM均较完整模型组均明显下降。在寰枢固定中棘突螺钉组C0~C2屈伸、侧屈、旋转的ROM大于椎弓根螺钉组;在枕颈固定中,棘突螺钉组C1~C2侧屈的ROM大于椎弓根螺钉组,棘突螺钉组的C0~C2旋转的ROM大于椎弓根螺钉组。枢椎棘突螺钉分别测试水平、斜向、垂直固定间有差异,但不明显。结论在寰枢和枕颈固定中,枢椎双侧椎弓根螺钉固定和枢椎单侧棘突螺钉联合对侧椎弓根螺钉组合式固定方法均具有良好的稳定性。在寰枢固定中,相对于枢椎棘突螺钉组合式固定,枢椎双侧椎弓根螺钉固定具有更好的寰枢稳定性。在枕颈固定中,枢椎双侧椎弓根螺钉固定在侧屈和旋转活动上较枢椎棘突螺钉组合式固定稳定性更好。枢椎三种棘突螺钉置钉技术间的稳定性差异并不明显。     

手术治疗7例变异型Jefferson骨折

目的 探讨变异型Jefferson骨折的手术治疗效果.方法 对7例变异型Jefferson骨折行寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术.结果 平均随访18个月,7例寰枢椎骨折脱位基本复位.术后1年神经功能JOA评分平均16.1分.结论 对于变异型Jefferson骨折手术可有效复位固定骨折,促进骨折愈合,重建颈椎的稳定性.     

CT测量在经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板内固定手术的作用

目的探讨术前CT测量在经口咽入路改良Ⅱ代解剖型寰枢椎复位钢板(TARP)内固定手术中的作用.方法15例难复性寰枢椎脱位患者均采用Ⅱ代解剖型TARP内固定手术,术前行寰枢椎薄层CT扫描及三维重建,测量与TARP内固定的相关指标,并应用测量数据指导手术实施.结果术前CT测量寰椎钉道长度为18.7±1.3(16.2～21.1)mm,枢椎钉道长度为14.7±0.9(12.8～15.6)mm,寰椎进钉外偏角为12.2°±0.4°(10.2°～14.6°),枢椎进钉内偏角为7.3°±0.3°(5.1°～9.4°),寰椎向外侧显露不能超过寰椎侧块外缘至前结节的距离为22.4±2.1(18.6～25.6)mm,根据寰椎进钉点间距和寰枢进钉点的垂直间距确定钢板型号,所有钢板成功安置,术后影像学检查均证实术前测量基本准确.结论术前薄层CT扫描及三维重建测量对Ⅱ代解剖型TARP手术复位固定有很强的指导作用.     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置钉技术的临床应用

目的：探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉置钉技术在上颈椎损伤临床应用的效果。方法选择性应用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗 Jefferson 骨折5例,齿状突骨折11例,Hangman 骨折9例。结果术中无椎动脉、脊髓及神经根损伤发生。1例暴露时损伤静脉丛,予以压迫即能止血;1例寰枢椎骨折不完全复位。患者均获随访,时间1～2年。患者临床症状明显改善,术后1年行 X 线及 CT 检查,显示所有骨折均骨性愈合,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉。结论寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术具有固定可靠及骨折愈合率高等特点,为上颈椎损伤提供了坚固的稳定性。     

Atlas fractures

Fractures of the atlas account for 1-2% of all vertebral fractures. We divide atlas fractures into 5 groups: isolated fractures of the anterior arch of the atlas, isolated fractures of the posterior arch, combined fractures of the anterior and posterior arch (so-called Jefferson fractures), isolated fractures of the lateral mass and fractures of the transverse process. Isolated fractures of the anterior or posterior arch are benign and are treated conservatively with a soft collar until the neck pain has disappeared. Jefferson fractures are divided into stable and unstable fracture depending on the integrity of the transverse ligament. Stable Jefferson fractures are treated conservatively with good outcome while unstable Jefferson fractures are probably best treated operatively with a posterior atlanto-axial or occipito-axial stabilization and fusion. The authors preferred treatment modality is the immediate open reduction of the dislocated lateral masses combined with a stabilization in the reduced position using a transarticular screw fixation C1/C2 according to Magerl. This has the advantage of saving the atlanto-occipital joints and offering an immediate stability which makes immobilization in an halo or Minerva cast superfluous. In late instabilities C1/2 with incongruency of the lateral masses occurring after primary conservative treatment, an occipito-cervical fusion is indicated. Isolated fractures of the lateral masses are very rare and may, if the lateral mass is totally destroyed, be a reason for an occipito-cervical fusion. Fractures of the transverse processes may be the cause for a thrombosis of the vertebral artery. No treatment is necessary for the fracture itself.     

Bilateral atlas laminar hook combined with transarticular screw fixation for an unstable bursting atlantal fracture

Introduction  The unstable atlas burst fracture (“Jefferson fracture”) is a fracture of the anterior and posterior atlantal arch with rupture of the transverse atlantal ligament and an incongruence of the atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial joint facets. The posterior atlantoaxial fusion is frequently used to reconstruct the stability of atlantoaxial joint. Conventional posterior atlantoaxial fixations are associated with high rates of pseudoarthrosis and chronic atlantoaxial instability. As a modified three-point fixation the bilateral C1-2 transarticular screws combined with C1 laminar hook and bone grafts can provide best biomechanical stability, but no standard protocol has been reported for the use of this fusion technique. A retrospective review of clinical series should be conducted to evaluate the clinical outcome of bilateral atlas laminar hook combined with transarticular screw fixation for unstable bursting atlantal fracture. Materials and methods  From March 2002 to March 2006, there were total 12 cases of unstable atlantal bursting fractures, 10 males and 2 females, age ranging 18–54, with mean of 36 years old. All patients were operated on posterior atlantoaxial fusion using bilateral atlas laminar hook combined with transarticular screw fixation after atlantoaxial joint were reduced and followed up for 12–24 months. The medical records and radiographs of the 12 patients were reviewed. Each patient underwent a complete cervical radiograph series including lateral flexion-extension view and a computed topographic scan. The Frankel grades and ASIA scores were applied to assess the neurologic status. Results  In all patients, a good bony fusion of the atlanto-axial segment was achieved. All patients showed significant improvement of the neurologic defect and no instability on their follow-up plain radiographs and computerized tomography in follow-up interval. Conclusions  For the patients who suffer from the unstable bursting atlantal fracture, the nonoperative methods could carry some clinical complications including infection, nerve injury, etc. and is frequently failure, Posterior atlantoaxial fusion using bilateral atlas laminar hook combined with transarticular screw fixation is an effective treatment. Xiang Guo and Bin Ni contributed equally to the article.     

寰椎骨折合并不连续下颈椎骨折脱位的外科治疗

目的:探讨寰椎骨折合并不连续下颈椎骨折脱位的治疗方法及效果.方法:回顾性分析2005年10月～2011年5月收治的20例寰椎骨折合并不连续下颈椎骨折脱位患者的一期手术治疗效果.男13例,女7例,平均年龄36岁.5例寰椎粉碎性骨折合并有寰椎侧块内侧骨性结构附着处横韧带撕裂(DickmanⅡ型),3例双侧前弓骨折(前1/2 Jefferson骨折),5例单侧前后弓双骨折(半环Jefferson骨折),2例前3/4 Jefferson骨折(前弓二处、后弓一处骨折),5例后3/4 Jefferson骨折(前弓一处、后弓二处骨折).其中并存下颈椎骨折脱位按Allen分型:屈曲压缩型5例,牵张压缩型3例,垂直压缩型8例,屈曲牵张型2例,伸展牵张型2例.20例患者均行上、下颈椎一期手术治疗:5例行后路C1-C2固定融合术,7例行口咽入路钢板内固定术,8例行单纯C1后路螺钉固定术;9例并发脊髓不完全损伤来自于下颈椎骨折脱位者,先行下颈椎融合固定,无脊髓损伤11例患者,先固定相对不稳定节段.随访观察治疗效果.结果:平均手术时间200min( 180～240min);平均失血量760ml(500～1600ml).2例因电刀灼伤C1-C2间血管静脉丛导致出血,行止血纱布、脑棉片填塞止血,未出现颅脑缺血症状;其他病例未出现与手术直接相关并发症及长期卧床所导致的并发症.患者均于术后3d颈托固定后下地行走.随访8～42个月,平均26个月.9例合并脊髓不完全损伤者术后神经功能Frankel分级均有1个级别恢复.复查X线片和CT,未发现患者颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰椎骨折及下颈椎骨折脱位均获骨性愈合.结论:手术治疗寰椎骨折合并不连续下颈椎骨折脱位利于患者早期下床活动,减少长期卧床并发症,可获得较好疗效.     

一期后路寰枢椎固定治疗不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折

 目的探讨一期后路寰枢椎固定融合治疗不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年5月至2013年12月收治32例不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折患者的病历资料,男21例,女11例;年龄22~59岁,平均41.8岁。术前均行颈椎张口位及侧位X线片、CT及MR检查。不稳定性寰椎骨折17例,不稳定性寰椎骨折合并枢椎骨折15例, 其中6例有不同程度的脊髓损害表现,ASIA分级为D级5例、C级1例。32例患者接受一期后路寰枢椎固定融合术。术后观察脊髓功能恢复情况,均行过屈、过伸位X线片和三维CT检查观察寰枢椎复位、融合及内固定情况,采用寰齿前间距（atlanto-dens interval,ADI)、寰椎侧块移位程度（lateral mass distance,LMD）及疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue score,VAS）评价疗效并记录并发症。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间10~24个月,平均15.6个月。骨折与寰枢椎骨性融合时间为5~10个月,平均6.9个月。术前颈枕区VAS评分平均为（5.0土1.4）分,末次随访时（1.0土0.7）分,差异有统计学意义。脊髓功能均得到不同程度地改善,术前D级5例中4例恢复至E级、1例无明显改善,术前C级1例恢复至D级。术后X线片和CT均示复位满意,术前ADI平均为（4.6±1.2） mm,末次随访时为（2.4±1.0） mm;术前LMD平均为（5.6±2.2） mm,末次随访时为（1.2±1.0） mm,差异均有统计学意义。结论一期后路寰枢椎椎弓根固定融合术治疗不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折临床可行,能避免枕颈融合,但寰椎椎弓根螺钉置钉技术具有挑战性。     

Self-designed posterior atlas polyaxial lateral mass screw-plate fixation for unstable atlas fracture

Background contextMost atlas fractures can be effectively treated nonoperatively with external immobilization unless there is an injury to the transverse atlantal ligament. Surgical stabilization is most commonly achieved using a posterior approach with fixation of C1–C2 or C0–C2, but these treatments usually result in loss of the normal motion of the C1–C2 and C0–C1 joints.PurposeTo clinically validate feasibility, safety, and value of open reduction and fixation using an atlas polyaxial lateral mass screw-plate construct in unstable atlas fractures.Study designRetrospective review of patients who sustained unstable atlas fractures treated with polyaxial lateral mass screw-plate construct.Patient sampleTwenty-two patients with unstable atlas fractures who underwent posterior atlas polyaxial lateral mass screw-plate fixation were analyzed.Outcome measuresVisual analog scale, neurologic status, and radiographs for fusion.MethodsFrom January 2011 to September 2012, 22 patients with unstable atlas fractures were treated with this technique. Patients' charts and radiographs were reviewed. Bone fusion, internal fixation placement, and integrity of spinal cord and vertebral arteries were assessed via intraoperative and follow-up imaging. Neurologic function, range of motion, and pain levels were assessed clinically on follow-up.ResultsAll patients were followed up from 12 to 32 months, with an average of 22.5±18.0 months. A total of 22 plates were placed, and all 44 screws were inserted into the atlas lateral masses. The mean duration of the procedure was 86 minutes, and the average estimated blood loss was 120 mL. Computed tomography scans 9 months after surgery confirmed that fusion was achieved in all cases. There was no screw or plate loosening or breakage in any patient. All patients had well-preserved range of motion. No vascular or neurologic complication was noted, and all patients had a good clinical outcome.ConclusionsAn open reduction and posterior internal fixation with atlas polyaxial lateral mass screw-plate is a safe and effective surgical option in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures. This technique can provide immediate reduction and preserve C1–C2 motion.     

Atlantoaxial Screw Fixation for the Treatment of Isolated and Combined Unstable Jefferson Fractures – Experiences with 8 Patients

Summary.  The unstable atlas burst fracture (“Jefferson fracture”) is a fracture of the anterior and posterior atlantal arch with rupture of the transverse atlantal ligament and an incongruence of the atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial joint facets. The question whether it has to be treated surgically or nonsurgically is still discussed and remains controversial. During the last decade 8 patients with unstable atlas burst fractures were examined and treated in our department. Five of the eight patients were first treated conservatively by external immobilization. Because of continuing instability due to insufficient bony fusion of the atlantal fracture all five patients underwent atlanto-axial transarticular screw fixation and fusion – as described by Magerl – with good results. In all 8 patients a good bony fusion of the atlanto-axial segment was achieved. None of the patients exhibited neurological deficits after surgical treatment.  Although immobilization with a halo vest is recommended by most authors, from our view primary transarticular C1–C2 screw fixation has to be discussed as an alternative for unstable atlas burst fractures. Nonsurgical treatment with halo extension always bears the risk of insufficient healing with further instability and a fixated incongruence of the atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial joints, leading to arthrosis, immobility and increasing neck pain. After 10 weeks of insufficient immobilization secondary pre- and intra-operative reposition manoeuvres and surgical fixation hardly can reverse this fixated incongruence. Moreover, halo-extension needs an immobilization of the cervical spine for about 10 weeks and more, which is very uncomfortable and leads to further complications especially in elderly patients. Published online October 31, 2002 Correspondence: Dr. med. Christian Hein, M.D., Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Deggendorf, Perlasbergerstr. 41, D-94469 Deggendorf, Germany.     

陈旧性寰椎横韧带断裂的手术治疗

目的探讨陈旧性寰椎横韧带断裂的后路手术治疗。方法回顾性分析12例陈旧性寰椎横韧带断裂病例,患者病程为伤后3个月~2年,平均为12个月,患者均有程度不等的神经损伤表现。X线检查显示寰齿间距(ADI)为6~12mm。所有患者均接受Apofix固定并寰、枢椎融合术。本组患者术前均施行颅骨牵引,以获得寰枢关节复位或接近解剖复位。结果随访6个月~3年,所有患者术后均未出现寰、枢椎不稳定的表现。结论陈旧性寰椎横韧带断裂是导致寰、枢椎不稳定的重要原因之一。其诊断依赖于ADI测量及MRI检查。一旦诊断明确,后路寰枢椎融合术是一种有效的治疗方法。术前牵引复位是施行后路寰枢椎融合术的前提。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉系统固定治疗寰枢关节不稳的疗效评估

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉系统固定治疗寰枢关节不稳的临床效果.方法 总结2003-06-2008-12运用寰枢椎椎弓根钉系统固定治疗寰枢关节不稳38例.其中,男32例,女6例,年龄18～76岁,平均45.3岁.横韧带损伤3例,Jefferson骨折3例,齿状突骨折伴寰枢关节脱位29例,齿状突发育异常伴寰枢关节不稳3例.结...     

寰枢侧块钉板固定术第1颈椎侧块螺钉置人准确性的分析

目的探讨在无法做正位透视监测的情况下,后路寰枢侧块钉板固定术中在寰椎侧块置钉的准确性。方法术中探查寰椎侧块内缘、间接确定寰椎侧块螺钉穿刺点。收集已行寰枢椎侧块钉板固定术的159例患者的术后CT,从冠状位和轴位CT,观察记录螺钉在寰椎侧块内的位置。在寰椎的CT轴位像上将侧块分为3个区域：A区相当于寰椎侧块上关节面投影区,螺钉在此区域内固定强度最可靠;B区位于上关节面投影区周缘的骨质内（B1内侧,B2外侧）,螺钉在此区域内固定强度不可靠;C区位于侧块以外（C1椎管内,C2横突孔内）,固定依赖于寰椎前弓或寰椎横突,稳定性较差,且有可能损伤脊髓或椎动脉。结果159例患者共置入螺钉318枚,其中308枚位于A区,占96．9％;3枚位于B1区,2枚位于B2区,占1．6％;5枚位于C1区,占1．6％。所有患者在术后4个月随访时寰枢椎后弓间植骨都已融合。结论术中通过探查寰椎侧块内缘、间接确定螺钉穿刺点的方法可准确地将螺钉置入寰椎侧块。     

经后路单纯寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折

目的 探讨经后路单纯寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的临床疗效.方法 2007年3月～2010年4月,采用经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折患者23例,其中8例为后3/4 Jefferson骨折;12例患者为半环Jefferson骨折;3例患者为后1/2 Jefferson骨折.患者均有不同程度的...