老年结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻：附116报告

目的探讨老年结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的处理原则和方法。方法回顾性分析5年间收治的116例老年(≥60岁)结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。全组右半结肠癌并梗阻39例,左半结肠癌并梗阻64例,直肠癌并梗阻13例。采用右半结肠一期切除吻合治疗39例,左半结肠一期切除吻合62例,Hartmann手术9例,Dixon手术4例,肿瘤近端肠管造瘘2例。结果术后出现并发症17例(14.7%)21例次,包括切口感染14例次,腹腔感染5例次和吻合口瘘2例次,死亡1例(0.9%)。115例(99.1%)痊愈出院。结论一定条件下,一期切除吻合治疗结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻,是方便可行而安全有效的方法。     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗（附62例分析）

为探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果．回顾性分析62例大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗的临床资料,其中右半结肠癌并梗阻23例,左半结肠癌和直肠癌并梗阻39例。结果显示,62例均行手术治疗,其中行一期切除吻合45例（右半结肠一期切除吻合16例,左半结肠一期切除吻合29例）。回横结肠吻合7例．Hartmann术4例,单纯造瘘手术2例,Miles术4例。术后发生吻合口漏2例。肺部感染3例,创口感染5例（其中切口裂开2例）,并发症发生率为19．4％。死亡2例,1例（3．2％）死于多器官功能衰竭．1例死于心力衰竭。除死亡2例外,其他病例均通过非手术治疗治愈。结果表明,结、直肠癌并发急性结肠梗阻的治疗要根据患者的全身情况和肿瘤的局部情况来进行综合判定．适应症掌握恰当,一期肿瘤切除和吻合术是安全的。     

大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗(178例临床分析)

目的探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及疗效。方法大肠癌致急性肠梗阻178例,一期行右半结肠切除37例,一期行左半结肠切除80例,一期行结肠次全切除、回肠-乙状结肠(或直肠上段)吻合31例,一期行左半结肠或直肠上段癌切除,近端结肠造瘘、封闭远端结肠(或直肠)、二期吻合13例,结、直肠癌晚期无法根治切除者行结肠造瘘7例,短路手术10例。结果术后并发症发生率为13.5%(24/178),围手术期死亡率为4.5%(8/178)。结论大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗应及时并遵循个体化原则,应创造条件力争一期切除肿瘤,解除梗阻。对左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病人施行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的,但应严格掌握适应证,灵活应用不同的手术方式。     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析l997年l0月～2002年10月76例大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗者的临床资料，其中右半结肠癌并梗阻23例，左半结肠癌和直肠并梗阻53例。结果 76例均行手术治疗，其中行～期切除吻合55例(右半结肠一期切除吻合l9例，左半结直肠一期切除吻合36例)。术后发生吻合口瘘2例，肺部感染2例，伤口感染6例，切口裂开l例，总并发症发生率为14.5％。除l例死于多器官功能衰竭外其它病例均通过非手术治疗治愈，随访统计l，3，5年生存率分别为98．3％，55％，38．5％。结论 一期切除吻合手术治疗大肠癌并肠梗阻是可行的，而合理地选择手术方式，正确的术中操作和围手术期处理对提高疗效，改善患者生活质量有所裨益。     

结直肠肿瘤并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻围手术期的处理方法。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2011年6月收治的97例结直肠肿瘤致急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果 97例均经手术治疗。右半结肠癌伴梗阻32例,其中30例行右半结肠一期切除,无吻合口漏发生,另2例癌肿不能切除行捷径手术;一期左半结肠切除肠吻合术15例,术后发生吻合口漏1例;Hartmann手术13例,术后恢复顺利,造口排便通畅,3～6个月后均进行了顺利关瘘手术;直肠癌Dixon手术27例,低位直肠癌行Miles术10例;行单纯肠造口6例。死亡1例。术后最常见的并发症为切口感染与肺部感染。结论对于结直肠癌并急性发肠梗阻,应根据患者的具体情况决定手术时机及手术方式,左半结肠癌合并肠梗阻可考虑一期切除吻合,但要注意吻合口漏。做好围手术期的处理是减少并发症、降低病死率的关键。     

急性结直肠癌性梗阻的治疗策略

目的 探讨结直肠癌引起急性肠梗阻的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析结直肠癌性肠梗阻26例临床资料,复习手术术式及相关文献.结果 右侧结肠梗阻行根治性右半结肠切除术9例.左侧结直肠癌性梗阻17例：12例行一期根治性切除,其中4例行一期吻合,8例行Hartmann术;3例行梗阻近侧结肠造口术;1例直肠癌并升结肠绞窄行右半结肠切除＋乙状结肠造口术;1例拒绝手术.术后2例死于MODS,1例并发炎症性肠梗阻经保守治疗痊愈;病程中合并脓毒性休克、MODS 3例,肺部感染5例,心脏疾病2例;低蛋白血症16例.结论 右侧结肠癌性梗阻可一期切除吻合,左侧结直肠癌性梗阻应遵循损伤控制理论,先行肠减压或清除腹腔炎性渗液,减少毒素吸收以控制病情进一步加重,再根据病情选择有效、安全的术式.术后加强抗感染和营养支持治疗.     

一期次全或全结肠切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌急性梗阻19例报告

回顾性总结采取一期次全或全结肠切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性梗阻19例,其中结肠脾曲癌4例和降结肠癌5例行一期次全结肠切除回结肠吻合,乙状结肠癌10例行一期全结肠切除回直肠吻合,术后发生切口感染3例,无手术死亡,无吻合口漏,无严重腹泻,随访19例,除4例死于癌转移,2例死于内科疾病外,其余13例健在,认为只要病情允许,该术式是治疗左半结肠癌并急性梗阻,尤其是结肠明显扩张的有效措施。     

结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的治疗方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析64例结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者急诊手术治疗的临床资料.左半结肠癌和直肠癌43例,右半结肠癌21例.其中行I期切除吻合44例(左半结肠23例,右半结肠2l例).结果 术后发生肺部感染3例,吻合口瘘1例,切口裂开1例,伤口感染7例,并发症发生率为18.7%(1...     

一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻临床疗效观察（附46例报告）

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术的安全性及其临床应用.方法 对46例左半结肠癌并梗阻患者行一期肠切除肠吻合术,术中进行有效的结肠减压及清洁灌洗,术后观察疗效.结果 有31例患者左半结肠恶性梗阻患者经保守治疗肠梗阻缓解改限期手术行一期肠切除吻合术,其余15例患者一般情况较好,经全结肠灌洗后一期肠切除吻合术,所有手术均顺利完成,术后并发切口感染8例（17.4％）,吻合口漏4例（8.7％）,经保守治疗痊愈.结论 左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的.     

结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的术式选择

目的探讨结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的外科处理方法。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年6月手术治疗的结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻31例的临床资料。结果31例均经手术治疗。右半结肠癌伴梗阻13例,其中12例行右半结肠一期切除,无吻合口漏发生,另1例癌肿不能切除行捷径手术;横结肠切除一期吻合2例;一期左半结肠切除肠吻合术7例,术后发生吻合口漏1例,其中2例乙状结肠癌伴梗阻行金属内支架置入,解除梗阻后3周行一期肿瘤切除肠吻合;Hartmann手术5例,术后恢复顺利,造口排便通畅,3～6个月后均进行了顺利关瘘手术;肿瘤无法切除行单纯结肠造口4例。结论重视围手术的处理,根据急性梗阻性结直肠癌病人全身情况和局部条件合理选择手术方式。     

One-stage treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer

Large bowel obstruction is due to colorectal carcinoma in 90% of cases. The optimal management of obstructing left colonic carcinoma is still a controversial matter. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the indications for one-stage treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer. Over the period from January 1998 to June 2001, 17 patients were operated on in our department for obstructing colorectal cancer. Twelve patients underwent a one-stage emergency operation by immediate anastomosis without diversion, while five patients were managed palliatively. We performed resection and primary anastomosis following intraoperative irrigation in obstructing sigmoid cancer lacking colonic wall lesions, while subtotal colectomy was carried out in cases of massively distended colon with ischaemic lesions and in patients with good anal continence. Colostomy treatment was indicated only in high-risk patients with unresectable lesions. The authors believe that, in cases of obstructing left colorectal cancer, an experienced, skilled surgeon can perform one-stage resection and anastomosis on patients in good general condition. On the other hand, a defunctioning colostomy may be ideal for surgeons with little experience in colorectal surgery and in patients with a very poor prognosis.     

Emergency management of acute colonic cancer obstruction

Emergency management of obstructing colonic cancer depends on both tumor location and stage, general condition of the patient and surgeon's experience. Right sided or transverse colon obstructing cancers are usually treated by right hemicolectomy-extended if necessary to the transverse colon-with primary anastomosis. For left-sided obstructing cancer, in patients with low surgical risk, primary resection and anastomosis associated with on-table irrigation or manual decompression can be performed. It prevents the confection of a loop colostomy but presents the risk of anastomotic leakage. Subtotal or total colectomy allows the surgeon to encompass distended and fecal-loaded colon, and to perform one-stage resection and anastomosis. Its disadvantage is an increased daily frequency of stools. It must be performed only in cases of diastatic colon perforation or synchronous right colonic cancer. In patients with high surgical risk, Hartmann procedure must be preferred. It allows the treatment of both obstruction and cancer, and prevents anastomotic leakage but needs a second operation to reverse the colostomy. Colonic stenting is clinically successful in up to 90% in specialized groups. It is used as palliation in patients with disseminated disease or bridge to surgery in the others. If stent insertion is not possible, loop colostomy is still indicated in patients at high surgical risk.     

Emergency surgery for obstructing colorectal cancers: a comparison between right-sided and left-sided lesions

BACKGROUND:

Fifteen to twenty percent of patients with primary colorectal cancers present with intestinal obstruction. Traditionally, different approaches have been used in the management of right-sided and left-sided colonic obstruction. Recently, single-stage resection with primary anastomosis in left colonic obstruction has been shown to have good results. The objective of this study was to compare the operative results of patients who had emergency operations for right-sided and left-sided obstructions from primary colorectal cancers.

STUDY DESIGN:

This is a retrospective study including 243 patients who underwent emergency operations for obstructing colorectal cancers from 1989 to 1997. Primary resection of the tumor-bearing segment followed by primary anastomosis was attempted when the conditions were feasible. The operative results of patients with right-sided tumors were compared with those of patients with left-sided tumors.

RESULTS:

One hundred seven patients had obstruction at or proximal to the splenic flexure (right-sided lesions), and 136 had lesions distal to the splenic flexure (left-sided lesions). The primary resection rate was 91.8%. Of the 223 patients with primary resection, primary anastomosis was possible in 197 patients. Among the 101 primary anastomoses in patients with left-sided obstruction, segmental resection with on-table lavage was performed in 75 patients and subtotal colectomy was performed in 26. The overall operative mortality rate was 9.4%, although that of the patients with primary resection and anastomosis was 8.1%. The anastomotic leakage rate for those with primary resection and anastomosis was 6.1%. There were no differences in the mortality or leakage rates between patients with right-sided and left-sided lesions (mortality: 7.3% versus 8.9%, P = 0.79; leakage: 5.2% versus 6.9%, P = 0.77). Colocolonic anastomosis did not show a significant difference in leakage rate when compared with ileocolonic anastomosis (6.1% versus 6.0%, P = 1.0).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study showed that primary resection and anastomosis for left-sided malignant obstruction, either by segmental resection with on-table lavage or subtotal colectomy, was not more hazardous than primary anastomosis for right-sided obstruction. The single-stage procedure should be the objective for the treatment of patients with obstructing colorectal cancers, except when patients are hemodynamically unstable during surgery or when the condition of the bowel is not optimal for primary anastomosis.     

Management of obstructive colorectal cancer with endoscopic stenting followed by single-stage surgery: open or laparoscopic resection?

BACKGROUND: About one-third of patients with colorectal carcinoma present with acute colonic obstruction requiring emergency surgery. Current surgical options are intraoperative lavage and resection of the colonic segment involved with primary anastomosis, subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis, colostomy followed by resection, and resection of the colonic segment involved with end colostomy (Hartmann's procedure) requiring a second operation to reconstruct the colon. These procedures present risks and a poor quality of life. Endoscopic colonic stent insertion can effectively decompress the obstructed colon, allowing bowel preparation and elective resection. METHODS: The authors present their experience managing 31 patients with obstructing colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic colonic decompression with self-expanding metallic stents. A total of 16 patients were treated with open resection, and 6 underwent a laparoscopic resection. The remaining 9 patients were managed with endoscopic palliation and adjuvant therapy. Of the 31 patients, 17 were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The mean interval between stenting and surgery was 11 days (range, 1-21 days). There was no intraoperative morbidity. The incidence of postoperative morbidity was 20% for open surgery and 0% for laparoscopic surgery. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13 days for the open surgery group, and 7 days for the laparoscopic group (p = 0.003). The hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. Follow-up evaluation was completed for 96% of the patients. The minimum follow-up period was 15 months. All the patients in the palliative group died of disease, with a median survival of 3 months. Of the 22 surgically treated patients, 17 (77%) are alive at this writing. CONCLUSION: This initial experience shows that after successful endoscopic stenting of malignant colorectal obstruction, elective surgical resection can be performed safely. The presence of the endoluminal stent does not prevent a laparoscopic approach. The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are a less invasive alternative to the multistage open operations and offer a faster recovery.     

Managing acute colorectal obstruction by "bridge stenting" to laparoscopic surgery: Our experience

AIM: To verify the clinical results of the endoscopic stenting procedure for colorectal obstructions followed by laparoscopic colorectal resection with “one stage anastomosis”.METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2009 in our surgical department, 48 patients underwent endoscopic stenting for colorectal occlusive lesion: 30 males (62.5%) and 18 females (37.5%) with an age range from 40 years to 92 years (median age 69.5). All patients enrolled in our study were diagnosed with an intestinal obstruction originating from the colorectal tract without bowel perforation signs. Obstruction was primitive colorectal cancer in 45 cases (93.7%) and benign anastomotic stricture in 3 cases (6.3%).RESULTS: Surgical resection was totally laparoscopic in 69% of cases (24 patients) while 17% (6 patients) of cases were video-assisted due to the local extension of cancer with infiltrations of surrounding structures (urinary bladder in 2 cases, ileus and iliac vessels in the others). In 14% of cases (5 patients), resection was performed by open surgery due to the high American Society of Anesthesiologists score and the elderly age of patients (median age of 89 years). We performed a terminal stomy in only 7 patients out of 35, 6 colostomies and one ileostomy (in a total colectomy). In the other 28 cases (80%), we performed bowel anastomosis at the same time as resection, employing a temporary ileostomy only in 5 cases.CONCLUSION: Colorectal stenting transforms an emergency operation in to an elective operation performable in a totally laparoscopic manner, limiting the confection of colostomy with its correlated complications.     

急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻的治疗

目的:探讨急性肿瘤性结直肠梗阻的外科处理原则和方法。方法:回顾性分析103例急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果:全部患者经手术治疗，包括急诊手术80例，其中右半结肠癌25例均行一期切除吻合手术，左半结肠癌45例中一期切除吻合37例，直肠癌10例，均行急诊手术。择期性手术23例。术后发生吻合口瘘3例，肺部感染2例，盆腔感染1例，死亡1例，余均治愈出院。 结论:对于急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻除非有急诊手术指征，应首先采用非手术治疗1～3d，尽可能转为择期性手术；只要恰当掌握适应证，一期肿瘤切除吻合术是比较安全的；对于腹腔污染严重、肠壁穿孔，也应尽可能采用一期切除肿瘤。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移的手术疗效。方法1996年8月～2000年8月手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移患者31例,行原发癌与转移癌同时切除者9例,结直肠癌根治术后6月再切除肝转移灶者18例;切除肝转移灶后2月再切除原发病灶者4例。原发灶行右半结肠切除5例,横结肠切除4例,左半结肠切除7例,Dixon术12例,Miles术3例。肝转移灶行左外叶切除5例,左半肝切除2例,右后叶切除4例,右前叶切除2例,左或右肝不规则切除18例。结果全组无手术死亡。术后粘连性肠梗阻1例,切口感染3例,经对症治疗后均痊愈出院。平均随访6.4(0.5～8)年,1、2、5年生存率分别为100%、80.6%、29.0%。同期手术者与分期手术者5年生存率分别为33.3%和27.3%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论对结直肠癌肝转移患者应积极争取手术切除,术后可配合其他综合治疗;对原发灶早期诊断、早期手术治疗及辅助化疗有利于防止结直肠癌肝转移。     

左半结直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的急诊治疗策略

目的探讨左半结、直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的急诊治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2000-2006年哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的36例左半结、直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的病例资料。结果行一期肠切除吻合27例,行姑息性结肠造口4例,另5例经肛门插入型肠梗阻导管减压去污后行一期手术。术后切口感染2例,无吻合口漏发生,无手术死亡病例。结论左半结、直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的急诊治疗中,对于选择性病人,一期肠切除吻合术是安全可行的;经肛门插入型肠梗阻导管结肠减压、灌洗去污是对一期肠切除吻合术的有效补充。     

Emergency subtotal colectomy. A new trend for treatment of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon.

During a 5-year period, 22 patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were operated on in our department. All patients underwent emergency subtotal colectomy with primary ileocolonic or ileorectal anastomosis. The quality of life for patients undergoing subtotal colectomy is excellent. All patients enjoy an almost normal diet and those with an ileorectal anastomosis stabilize on two to three bowel movements per day. During a followup period of 65 months, four patients died from spread of their primary disease while two other patients died of unrelated causes. Sixteen patients are alive and free of disease. We consider subtotal colectomy the procedure of choice for patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left colon.