骨折后外周血间充质干细胞浓度变化的实验研究

[目的]观察骨折后不同时间点外周血间充质干细胞(MSCs)浓度变化,并比较其与骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的异同.[方法]根据不同处理条件将SD大鼠分为:对照组和骨折组(骨折后1、3、7d共3组),每组20只.分别于骨折后1、3、7d抽取外周血,密度梯度离心法分离培养外周血MSCs,计数成纤维细胞集落形成单位(CFU-Fs)数.流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记(CD44、CD90、CD34、CD45).成骨、成脂诱导,碱性磷酸酶、茜素红和油红染色检测其分化特性.[结果]原代外周血MSCs呈集落生长,骨折组集落数明显多于对照组,其中以骨折后3d组形成的集落数最多,具有显著差异(27.25±11.52 CFU-Fs/cuhure vs 2.80±3.96 CFU-Fs/culture,P＜0.01).外周血MSCs高表达CD44、CD90,低表达CD34、CD45,不同的是CD34小部分呈阳性(＜20％).与对照组骨髓MSCs的诱导结果相同,外周血MSCs成骨诱导后28 d出现钙结节,茜素红染色阳性;成脂诱导后21 d有大量脂滴出现,油红染色阳性.[结论]外周血体外密度梯度离心法分离培养的细胞具有多潜能分化的MSCs表面标记且可以向成骨、成脂分化.骨折后外周循环中MSCs数量明显增多,呈一定的时序性变化,可能参与骨折修复.     

人脐血间充质干细胞的分离培养及其多向分化潜能的实验研究

目的 研究人脐血间充质干细胞(MSCs)分离培养的生物学特性及其向成骨、成脂诱导分化的能力.方法 从人脐血中分离扩增MSCs,显微镜下观察其形态及生长情况,绘制生长曲线,电镜下观察超微结构,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物;成骨、成脂诱导后以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色、茜素红染色鉴定MSCs成骨分化潜能,油红O染色鉴定成脂分化潜能.结果 人脐血MSCs为成纤维细胞样,漩涡状贴壁生长排列,传至第110代细胞形态无明显变化;电镜下显示为低分化细胞;细胞表面不表达CD34和CD45,强表达CD29、CD44和CD90;成骨诱导后可检测到ALP表达及钙化结节形成;成脂诱导后可检测到脂滴形成.结论 人脐血中可分离出MSCs,与其他来源的MSCs具有类似的生物学特性及多向分化潜能,脐血有可能成为骨组织工程种子细胞的来源.     

脐血间充质干细胞的分离培养鉴定及诱导分化研究

目的：分离培养人脐血间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells,hUCB-MSC）,体外观察其生长特性,并在特定条件下诱导分化,探讨其成脂成骨分化能力.方法：采用沉降法和密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法自脐血中分离间充质干细胞,倒置显微镜下观察其形态及生长情况;流式细胞仪分析细胞周期并检测细胞表面标志物;用茜素红染色和油红0染色分别鉴定其成骨成脂分化能力.结果：纯化的hUCB-MSC贴壁生长,呈均一梭形,具有较强的增值能力,流式细胞仪分析P3代hUCB-MSC稳定表达间充质干细胞表面抗原标志CD73,CD105和CD90等,不表达造血标志CD34和CD45;成骨诱导后3周后细胞茜素红染色阳性;成脂诱导3周后细胞油红0染色阳性.结论：本实验分离的hUCB-MSC具有较强的增殖能力,表达间充质干细胞的表面标记,具有成骨成脂分化潜能.     

膝关节滑膜间质干细胞分离、培养及其多向分化潜能特性的研究

目的 探讨晚期骨关节炎患者膝关节滑膜间质干细胞(synovium-derived mesenchymalstem cells,SMSCs)体外分离、培养的可行性及其在体外向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞定向分化的特性.方法 取膝关节滑膜组织,胶原酶消化获得有核细胞.挑选单细胞克隆,筛选获得SMSCs.流式细胞技术检测细胞表面特异性抗原标志.培养至第三代,分别向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞诱导分化.油红O染色鉴定向脂肪细胞分化;碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色鉴定向成骨细胞分化;甲苯胺蓝染色鉴定向软骨细胞分化.RT-PCR检测脂肪细胞、成骨细胞标志基因.Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色检测软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达.结果 原代SMSCs体外培养呈葵花样细胞集落,传代后可见圆形巨噬样细胞和纺锤形成纤维样细胞,融合后呈成纤维细胞样生长.CD44、CD90呈阳性,CD34、CD71和CD45呈阴性.向脂肪细胞诱导21d,油红O染色阳性;RT-PCR检测有脂蛋白酶、乙二腈及PPARγ2表达;向成骨细胞诱导7、28 d,ALP,茜素红染色阳性,有ALP、Osteopontin及Osteocalcin表达;向软骨细胞诱导21d,甲苯胺蓝染色阳性,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性.结论 晚期骨关节炎患者膝关节滑膜组织可以分离、培养获得SMSCs. SMSCs具有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞发生定向分化的潜能.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化为表皮细胞的实验观察

目的:研究表皮生长因子(Epidermal growth factor,EGF)加条件培养基体外诱导大鼠 MSCs 向表皮细胞定向分化的可行性。方法:采用 Ficoll-Paque 淋巴细胞分离液分离扩增大鼠骨髓 MSCs,免疫细胞化学染色及流式细胞仪进行鉴定。传至第3代的大鼠 MSCs 用表皮生长因子(EGF)、条件培养基等定向诱导 MSCs 分化为表皮细胞;免疫细胞化学对细胞角蛋白 CK5/8、19(Cytokeratin5/8、19)阳性表达细胞进行检测。结果:从大鼠骨髓中分离培养的 MSCs 增殖能力强,细胞表面标志 CD34、CD45阴性,CD29、CD44阳性,流式细胞仪检测显示细胞纯度高,诱导后7d 细胞免疫化学显示角蛋白5/8、19染色阳性,具有表皮细胞特征。结论:从大鼠骨髓中分离培养出的问充质干细胞,具有自我更新和增殖能力强的特点,经诱导可定向分化表达角蛋白。     

人脐血间充质干细胞在体外向肝样细胞的诱导分化

目的 探讨脐血间充质干细胞(MSCs)在体外能否分化成肝细胞.方法 分离人脐血MSCs,培养传代,流式细胞仪进行细胞表面标志检测.取培养至第三代的细胞,接种于六孔板内,分两个阶段进行细胞分化的诱导,第一阶段采用含地塞米松(终浓度为0.5 μmol/L,下同)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF,10 ng/ml)、表皮生长因子(10 ng/ml)及1×ITS(胰岛素-转铁蛋白-硒)的F12培养基诱导2周,第二阶段用含地塞米松(0.5 μmol/L)、HGF(10 ng/ml)、抑瘤素M(10 ng/ml)及1×ITS的F12培养基继续诱导2周.诱导期间于倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态变化;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测分化细胞的甲胎蛋白(AFP)、白蛋白、人细胞角蛋白18(CK-18)及酪氨酸氨基转移酶(TAT)基因的表达,以免疫荧光染色法检测分化细胞胞浆中AFP、白蛋白、CK-18的表达;用电子显微镜观察分化细胞的超微结构.结果 培养的脐血MSCs不表达CD14、CD34及CD45,也不表达CD49f、CD54及HLA-DR;部分表达CD106;强表达CD13、CD29及CD44.未分化的脐血MSCs不表达AFP、TAT及白蛋白基因,弱表达CK-18基因;诱导分化1周后可检测到AFP基因的表达,诱导分化4周后,不仅表达AFP、CK-18和白蛋白基因,还表达TAT基因.免疫荧光染色显示,未分化的MSCs胞浆中无AFP、白蛋白及CK-18的表达;分化细胞则可以检测到上述物质的表达.诱导至第4周的分化细胞,可见核仁大且明显,细胞核周围有板层状的内质网,胞浆中可见脂滴及簇状糖原,线粒体丰富,细胞表面有微绒毛.结论 脐血MSCs在合适的诱导条件下可以分化为肝样细胞.     

骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及在精原细胞培养条件下生物学特征的观察

目的体外分离、培养、纯化小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),并观察MSCs在精原细胞培养条件下的生物学特征,为体内诱导MSCs分化为精原细胞奠定基础。方法①分离5～6周龄的BALB/c小鼠胫骨、股骨,冲出骨髓,以Percoll密度梯度离心法和贴壁法相结合的方法分离、培养、纯化MSCs;②通过动态观察、苏木精伊红(HE)染色、透射电镜观察、免疫组化检测细胞表面标记等鉴定MSCs;③用ELISA法检测MSCs培养上清中白细胞介素6(IL6)、IL8、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G CSF)、干细胞因子(SCF)等细胞因子的相对含量,与相应对照组比较;④取第3代MSCs,分组进行诱导培养观察,对照组用基本培养液培养MSCs,实验组用条件培养液诱导培养MSCs。通过显微镜下动态观察、HE染色、免疫组化等方法观察诱导结果。结果①获得纯化的MSCs;②动态观察培养细胞具有不断增殖的干细胞特性,HE染色细胞呈梭形,透射电镜观察细胞较幼稚,免疫组化检测细胞表面标记CD44、CD90呈阳性,从而鉴定了MSCs;③MSCs培养上清中IL6、IL8、G CSF、SCF等的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);④实验组细胞形态发生变化,CD29、CD117和Oct4免疫组化染色阳性;对照组细胞形态不变,CD29、CD117和Oct4免疫组化染色阴性。结论①用Percoll密度梯度离心法和贴壁法相结合的方法可获得纯化的MSCs;②     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养及多向分化研究的体外实验

目的 分离培养较高纯度大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）,检测其多向分化潜能.方法 采用密度梯度离心结合差速贴壁法分离培养大鼠BMSCs,观察细胞形态,检测表面标志物CD34、CD44、CD45、CD90表达情况,及其成骨、成脂、成神经诱导后茜素红染色、油红O染色和NSE、GFAP免疫荧光染色情况.结果 细胞呈典型的成纤维细胞样形态,CD44和CD90呈阳性表达,CD34和CD45呈阴性表达,细胞纯度＞98%.成骨、成脂、成神经诱导后,茜素红染色、油红O染色、NSE和GFAP免疫荧光均为阳性.结论 密度梯度离心结合差速贴壁法可分离、培养出高纯度的大鼠BMSCs,该细胞具有成脂、成骨、成神经多向分化潜能,是脊髓损伤修复的一种较理想的种子细胞.     

人脐血源和骨髓源间充质干细胞神经前体细胞分化的研究

目的 对比研究人脐血和骨髓来源的间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)体外的分离、培养和生物学特性,并观察其分化潜能和形态学变化,为组织工程选取种子细胞提供实验依据.方法 Ficoll密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法分别分离纯化成人骨髓和脐血源MSCs,体外培养和连续传代,并在含有2%B27的Neurobasal培养基中添加碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子,将获得的MSCs向神经干细胞定向诱导,利用倒置显微镜连续观察细胞培养、传代和向神经细胞表型转化过程的形态学变化;采用免疫组化和荧光免疫组化法对诱导后细胞进行鉴定.结果 原代分离的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在接种后48 h贴壁,7 d细胞呈长梭形,有一定的方向性,并达到90%融合;而脐血间充质干细胞(UMSCs)48 h后贴壁,似乎贴的不牢,持续14d才能形成小丛、小簇、小集落,21 d排列才有一定的方向性.培养基添加神经营养因子诱导后的细胞呈现典型的神经前体细胞样表型,免疫组化和免疫荧光结果显示,诱导后的细胞能特异性表达神经元特异性标志β微管蛋白(β-tubulin)和星形胶质细胞特异性标志神经胶质相关蛋白(GFAP).结论 人脐血和骨髓中含MSCs,且具备其基本恃征,体外培养UMSCs生长速度比BMSCs缓慢10 d～15 d左右,传代以后的各组细胞生长速度与形态无明显差异.骨髓和脐血来源的MSCs在体外可定向诱导分化为神经细胞.     

成人骨髓基质干细胞体外定向诱导分化为软骨细胞的实验研究

目的 建立临床成人骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)体外培养、定向诱导分化为软骨细胞的途径。方法抽取成人骨髓，Percol密度梯度离心法进行体外培养，贴壁细胞传代，取第3代细胞在培养基中添加软骨分化诱导剂地塞米松、维生素C和不同剂量转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)，培养16d后,在倒置显微镜观察细胞形态，甲苯胺蓝染色蛋白多糖，逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫细胞化学(SABC法)检测Ⅱ型胶原表达，诱导后MSCs与新型材料聚乳酸和羟基乙醇共聚物(PL-GA)复合。结果 Percoll密度梯度离心法培养可获得均一的。MSCs；5、10ng TGF-β诱导分化的MSCs生长迅速。呈典型的软骨细胞形态，甲苯胺蓝染色阳性，Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性，MSCs对材料PL-GA黏附力强。结论 可以从成人骨髓中培养出MSCs，并可定向诱导分化为软骨细胞，5～10ng TGF-β为最佳诱导剂量，成人MSCs可用作临床自体软骨组织工程种子细胞。     

CD34+细胞在干细胞旁分泌下向内皮细胞分化的研究

目的 探讨人脐血CD34+细胞在脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)旁分泌作用下向内皮细胞诱导分化的可行性.方法 收集20份脐血,体积(103.80±19.77)ml.免疫磁珠(MACS)分选CD34+细胞;取脐带用消化贴壁法获得UC-MSC.流式鉴定干细胞表型.实验分单纯培养组、诱导组、共培养组.结果 流式鉴定CD34+细胞纯度(95.02±3.81)%.培养14 d流式检测共培养组表达CD31、CD144、VWF分别为(65.43±5.61)%、(54.40±4.13)%、(47.53±3.96)%(与单纯培养组比较P＜0.05),部分表达CD34,阴性表达CD45,这与诱导组及成熟脐静脉内皮细胞表达率一致.结论 UC-MSCs旁分泌作用与外源性细胞因子都具有促分化作用,均能使脐血CD34+细胞向内皮细胞分化.

Abstract：

Objective To study whether the paracrine action of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) can induce differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells into endothelial cells in vitro. Methods The 20 fresh umbilical cord blood samples were collected with volume of (103. 80 ± 19. 77) ml. CD34+ cells were isolated from the mononuclear cells by magnetic activated cell sorting system (MACS) , and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from umbilical cord by collagenase and trypsin digestion. Three groups were set up: CD34+ cells pure culture group, cytokineinduced group and two stem cells co-culture group with noncontact. Results The average purity of enriched CD34+ cells as assessed by FACS was (95. 02 ± 3. 81) %. Freshly isolated CD34+ cells were small and round which suspended in culture medium. Attached cord-like structure cells of CD34+ cells appeared after 7 days coculture with noncontacted MSC, and when the CD34+ cells grew into large number, they formed colonies. These cells expressed endothelial specific markers, including CD144 (54. 40 ±4. 13)% ,vWF (47. 53 ± 3. 96) % , CD31 (65. 43 ± 5. 61) % ( P ＜ 0. 05, as compared with CD34+ cells pure culture group) , partially expressed CD34 and, the leukocyte common antigen CD45 was negatively expressed.Conclusion Human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells could be induced into endothelial cells under the paracrine action of umbilical cord-derive mesenchymal stem cells which has the same effect of cytokines.     

人脐血间充质干细胞修复大鼠坐骨神经损伤的实验研究

目的 评价用人脐血间充质干细胞(HUCBMSCs)构建组织工程化人工神经修复大鼠坐骨神经10 mm缺损的治疗效果. 方法 用淋巴细胞分离液分离脐血的单个核细胞,以偏酸性的MesencultTM进行培养获得MSCs.30只SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只.A组:将HUCBMSCs与生物蛋白胶混合,种植于羊膜管中修复坐骨神经缺损;B组:仅将生物蛋白胶种植于羊膜管中:C组:坐骨神经切下后再将其缝合.9周后,行大体观察、坐骨神经功能指数、腓肠肌湿重测定、组织学染色,S100免疫组化染色等检查. 结果 32份脐血18份可培养出MSCs,但传代培养大量扩增只有4份.HUCBMSCs植人手术后9周检查结果显示,坐骨神经功能指数、腓肠肌湿重测定A组(-64.2234±2.9461、41.29524±3.88421)优于B组(-74.5882±3.3298、28.34097±3.42889),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 人脐血中含有MSCs并且能够分离培养扩增,HUCBMSCs能够促进大鼠坐骨神经损伤的神经再生.     

Isolation of endothelial cells and their progenitor cells from human peripheral blood

Purpose: We have developed techniques to isolate endothelial cell (EC) progenitors from human peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Methods: Human adult peripheral and umbilical cord blood monocytes were isolated by centrifugation, and progenitor cells were separated with the use of magnetic polystyrene beads that were coated with a monoclonal antibody specific for the CD34 cell–membrane antigen. Cells were propagated in selective media, and developing cultures were immunostained for CD31, CD34, factor VIII, and vascular endothelial growth factor cell receptors. ECs that developed were transfected with a gene for prourokinase and used to line ePTFE grafts, which were evaluated in vitro in a pulsatile flow system. Results: Umbilical cord monocyte cultures demonstrated colonies that resembled ECs at approximately 2 weeks, with growth being best supported by EC growth media plus 20% calf serum with iron. Immunostaining of colonies was positive for CD31 and factor VIII. After 18 days in culture, CD34⁺ cells from adult peripheral blood were noted, which had the typical cobblestone appearance of ECs and immunostained positively for CD31 and factor VIII–related antigens. Cultures of umbilical cord–derived cells and adult peripheral blood–derived cells developed complex line formations within 1 week in culture that stained positively for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Urokinase-transfected ECs were shown to overexpress urokinase. Prosthetic grafts lined with transfected cells showed 87.33% ± 4.97% cell adherence after 2 hours in a pulsatile flow system at clinically relevant shear stress. Conclusion: We conclude that endothelial progenitor cells can be isolated from human adult peripheral and umbilical cord blood and developed into EC cultures as a source of cells for vascular graft seeding and gene therapy. (J Vasc Surg 2000;31:181-9.)     

Osteoclastic potential of human CFU-GM: biphasic effect of GM-CSF.

Human osteoclasts can be efficiently generated in vitro from cord blood mononuclear cells and derived CFU-GM colonies. However, CFU-M colonies are poorly osteoclastogenic. Short-term (2-48 h) treatment with GM-CSF stimulates osteoclast formation by proliferating precursors, whereas longer exposure favors dendritic cell formation. INTRODUCTION: Osteoclasts (OC) differentiate from cells of the myelomonocytic lineage under the influence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL. However, cells of this lineage can also differentiate to macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) depending on the cytokine environment. The aims of this study were to develop an efficient human osteoclastogenesis model and to investigate the roles of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and M-CSF in human OC differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A human osteoclastogenesis model, using as precursors colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies generated from umbilical cord mononuclear cells cultured in methylcellulose with GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-3 and stem cell factor (SCF), has been developed. CFU-GM, colony forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), or mixed colonies were cultured on dentine with soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and human M-CSF with and without GM-CSF. Major endpoints were OC number, dentine resorption, and CD1a+ DC clusters. RESULTS: Osteoclast generation from CFU-GM and mixed colonies treated with M-CSF and sRANKL for 7-14 days was highly efficient, but CFU-M colonies were poorly osteoclastogenic under these conditions. Pretreatment of precursors with M-CSF for 7 or 14 days maintained the precursor pool, but OCs were smaller and resorption was reduced. The effect of GM-CSF treatment was biphasic, depending on the timing and duration of exposure. Short-term treatment (2-48 h) at the beginning of the culture stimulated cell proliferation and enhanced OC formation up to 100%, independent of sRANKL. Longer-term GM-CSF treatment in the presence of sRANKL, however, inhibited OC generation with the formation of extensive CD1a+ DC clusters, accompanied by downregulation of c-Fos mRNA. Delaying the addition of GM-CSF resulted in progressively less inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Human CFU-GM, but not CFU-M, progenitors have high osteoclastogenic potential. GM-CSF plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis and has a biphasic effect: Short-term treatment potentiates OC differentiation by proliferating precursors, but persistent exposure favors DC formation.