胫骨平台骨折合并膝关节侧副韧带损伤手术治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨影响胫骨平台骨折合并膝关节侧副韧带损伤手术治疗疗效的因素。方法自2002年1月～2008年11月手术治疗30例胫骨平台骨折合并膝关节侧副韧带损伤患者。结果随访9个月～2年,平均15个月,采用临床和放射评分方法,优良率分别为93.2%和90.3%。结论胫骨平台骨折合并膝关节侧副韧带损伤获得良好治疗效果的影响因素有:早期准确诊断,恢复膝关节稳定性,术后适时制动及完善合理的康复治疗。     

关节镜辅助分期手术治疗膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折的疗效观察

目的观察关节镜辅助分期手术治疗膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-10—2016-11采用关节镜辅助分期手术治疗的9例膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折,一期手术在关节镜下行胫骨平台骨折有限切开复位内固定、半月板撕裂成形、软骨修复、侧副韧带修复,3~5个月后二期手术进行前交叉韧带和(或)后交叉韧带重建。结果 9例均获得随访,随访时间平均37(22~58)个月。术后所有患者胫骨平台骨折均愈合,未出现骨筋膜室综合征、血管神经损伤、感染等并发症。术后仅1例前抽屉试验及Lachman试验呈弱阳性。末次随访时膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(90.6±2.6)分,较术前(51.3±4.0)分明显提高。末次随访时膝关节功能IKDC评分为(91.2±3.0)分,较术前(50.1±3.7)分明显提高。结论关节镜辅助分期手术治疗膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折疗效肯定,具有关节面解剖复位满意、胫骨平台骨折固定可靠、膝关节稳定性恢复良好、并发症少等优点。     

关节镜辅助一期手术治疗前交叉韧带断裂合并胫骨平台后外侧骨折

目的 探讨关节镜辅助一期手术治疗前交叉韧带断裂合并胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月至2021年4月安徽省芜湖市中医医院采用关节镜辅助下一期前交叉韧带重建联合经改良Carlson后外侧入路切开复位锁定支撑钢板内固定治疗前交叉韧带断裂合并胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折的8例患者资料，男3例，女5例；年龄32～58岁，平均(44.5±9.0)岁；致伤原因：交通伤5例，运动伤3例；其中合并内侧副韧带损伤2例，合并内侧半月板损伤2例。术后随访并记录骨折愈合情况，测量胫骨平台后倾角(posterior tibial slope, PTS)变化；通过国际膝关节文献委员会(international knee documentation committee, IKDC)评分、Lysholm评分系统评价膝关节功能，记录膝关节活动度，通过Lachmann试验及轴移试验评价膝关节前后及旋转稳定性。结果 8例患者均获随访，随访时间6～24个月，平均(12.3±2.4)个月。末次随访时膝关节屈曲125°～135°,平均(130±4.63)°。所有患者骨折均获得骨性愈合，愈合时间10～16周，...     

胫骨髁间隆起撕脱骨折的手术治疗

自１９７５～１９９５年，作者采用切开复位，钢丝内固定治疗了胫骨髁间隆起撕脱骨折以及合并胫侧副韧带等损伤３１例，其中单纯胫骨髁间隆起撕脱骨折２４例；合并胫侧副韧带或内外侧半月板损伤者７例。术中骨折均达到解剖复位。术后骨折愈合良好，检查抽屉试验转阴率为８９％。膝关节功能恢复满意，优良率为８９．６％，而同期非手术治疗者优良率仅为７９．２％。作者认为：膝关节稳定性和功能的恢复，与骨折块良好复位及周围软组织损伤的修复有关。单纯保守治疗，骨折块移位愈合，交叉韧带处于松弛状态，可引起膝关节不稳定和继发性损害。采用手术治疗则能满足骨折复位和膝关节功能恢复的需要。因此，对该类型骨折宜早期手术治疗为好。     

微创治疗SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折合并膝内侧副韧带损伤

目的对于临床常见的SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折合并膝内侧副韧带损伤进行手术治疗,探讨微创治疗的有效、实用方法。方法 11例SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折合并膝内侧副韧带损伤采用微创下开窗撬拨植骨结合微创钢板内固定技术（MIPPO）复位固定胫骨平台骨折,双固定螺钉固定膝内侧副韧带损伤,术后支具外固定配合积极康复功能训练。结果本组手术时间50~75 min,平均62 min。11例均获得平均13（5~20）个月随访,膝关节功能良好,无复位不良、感染、骨折不愈合、创伤性关节炎以及膝关节失稳等并发症,术后X线片显示骨折复位固定满意。末次随访时按Rasmussen评分法对膝关节功能进行评估：优7例,良3例,可1例。结论采用微创技术治疗膝外翻应力所致SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折合并膝内侧副韧带损伤具有操作简便、固定牢靠、功能恢复良好、治疗效果确切的优点。     

膝关节镜辅助治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效观察

目的探讨膝关节镜辅助复位及治疗胫骨平台骨折的有效性及近期疗效观察。方法我院2012年6月至2014年7月共43例胫骨平台骨折行关节镜辅助下骨折复位内固定术,其中男25例,女18例;年龄20~66岁,平均年龄46岁。根据Schatzker分型,Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型15例,Ⅲ型12例,Ⅵ型7例。术后CPM功能锻炼,定期摄片复查,指导功能锻炼及负重。门诊定期随访观察,根据Rasmussen临床和影像学评分进行复位效果及临床疗效的评价。结果43例胫骨平台患者均获得随访,随访时间15~40个月,平均28个月。其中合并半月板损伤共11例,合并侧副韧带损伤8例,前后交叉韧带损伤5例。交叉韧带撕脱骨折术中均行一期固定,1例患者交叉韧带完全撕裂病例术后二期行人工韧带重建手术。所有骨折均获得一期愈合,其中伤口感染1例,为浅表感染,经伤口换药及抗生素治疗后治愈。术中及术后无骨筋膜室综合征发生,术后无深静脉栓塞发生。Rasmussen临床和影像学评分优良率分别为88%和86%。结论膝关节镜辅助复位治疗胫骨平台骨折,特别是SchatzkerⅠ~Ⅳ骨折,近期疗效优良,可为胫骨平台治疗提供更好的选择方案。     

胫骨平台骨折非解剖复位对膝关节功能影响的研究

目的分析随访病例关节移位的类型、部位、程度对膝关节功能的影响,探讨影响胫骨平台骨折治疗效果的关键因素。方法对1991年6月～2004年6月间在我院治疗的不同类型胫骨平台骨折进行回顾性分析,对有良好随访的29例未达解剖复位或术后出现复位丢失的病例的X线片进行分析,并进行膝关节功能评分。结果随访6个月～13年,平均3.5年,膝关节功能参照Rasmussen评分法,优11例,良13例,可4例,差1例,优良率达82.75%。结论胫骨平台骨折获得良好治疗效果首先要恢复膝关节的稳定性,其次要恢复膝关节良好的力线,再者要在保护膝关节周围软组织情况下恢复关节面的解剖复位,并要有完善、合理的康复计划。     

胫骨平台骨折后漏诊的膝关节韧带损伤的诊治

目的提高对胫骨平台骨折伴膝关节韧带损伤的认识,从而降低漏诊率。方法回顾性分析2001年1月～2004年12月手术治疗的126例胫骨平台骨折患者中伴膝关节韧带损伤的15例患者。通过术后随访、临床表现、手术和MRI检查,明确是否伴有膝关节韧带损伤及膝关节明显不稳。证实存在膝关节韧带损伤者行手术治疗,内侧副韧带损伤患者行修补或“鹅足”转移成形术,前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤患者行Jones改良骨-韧带-骨重建术,后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤患者行Augustine术。结果术后患者获6～14个月(平均10个月)随访。15例胫骨平台骨折患者均伴有膝关节韧带损伤,行相应手术治疗后功能满意者12例,3例出现上、下楼梯困难,并且退变加重。结论胫骨平台骨折常伴膝关节韧带损伤,术前认识不足、术中探查不力、术后随访不到位是漏诊并遗留关节功能障碍的主要原因。     

近膝关节骨折并交叉韧带损伤的早期诊断与治疗

目的探讨近膝关节骨折合并交叉韧带损伤时，避免交叉韧带损伤漏诊的方法。方法２２例胫骨平台及股骨髁骨折患者，于麻醉后或内固定后行膝关节稳定试验，呈阳性者在内固定术同时行膝关节探查及交叉韧带修补术，结果２２例术中抽屉试验均为阳性，与探查结果完全符合。术后经７－４６个月随访：所有中层得膝关节稳定性良好，抽屉试验阴性，未见创伤性关节炎发生。结论对有内固定手术指征的近膝关节骨折，术中应检查交叉韧带是否损伤，避     

关节镜与C型臂x线机辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折

[目的]探讨在关节镜与C型臂X线机辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折的方法及疗效.[方法]自2004年2月-2008年2月收治胫骨平台骨折患者31例,合并半月板损伤5例,侧副韧带损伤2例,前交叉韧带损伤3例.Schatzker分型为Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型1例,患肢基本消肿后进行手术,常规进行膝关节镜检查,对合并伤进行相应的处理后,在关节镜与C型臂X线机辅助下微创进行骨折复位、植骨及固定,术后早期行患肢功能锻炼.[结果]31例患者获6～18个月随访,平均随访时间12个月,在3～4个月骨性愈合,未出现塌陷、移位、膝关节畸形等.根据HSS膝关节临床功能评分标准:优21例,良7例,中3例.[结论]关节镜与C型臂X线机辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折,具有创伤小、同时处理关节内合并伤、获得良好复位及术后功能恢复快、效果好的优点.     

关节镜辅助下胫骨平台重度粉碎性骨折的固定与重建

目的 探讨胫骨平台重度粉碎性骨折的临床特点及关节镜辅助下进行复位固定的疗效.方法 2007年6月至2010年5月共收治12例胫骨平台重度粉碎性骨折患者,男10例,女2例;年龄19 ～53岁,平均33.8岁.骨折按Schatzker分型:V型4例,Ⅵ型8例.受伤至手术时间为2～15d(平均4.3d).术中先在关节镜下探查膝关节腔内韧带及半月板损伤情况;然后复位胫骨平台干骺端骨折,并在关节镜直视下行胫骨平台关节面塌陷性骨折的顶起复位与充填植骨;最后根据胫骨干骺端骨折部位及复位情况采用侧方钢板固定.结果 12例患者术后获12 ～42个月(平均26个月)随访.12例患者骨折复位情况按Rasmussen胫骨平台骨折影像学评分系统评定:评分为10～17分,平均15.6分;其中优10例,良2例.12例患者骨折均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间为3.0～4.5个月(平均3.5个月).术后6个月膝关节功能采用Rasmussen评分系统评定:评分为18 ～28分,平均25.8分;其中优3例,良8例,可1例.随访期间无内固定失效、膝内、外翻畸形及深部感染等并发症发生.结论 关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台重度粉碎性骨折具有手术创伤小、恢复快及并发症少等优点.关节镜直视下胫骨平台塌陷关节面的复位与重建是一种安全、可行的微创治疗手段.     

关节镜及C臂监视下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜及C臂X光线机监视下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折的手术方法及近期疗效。方法胫骨平台骨折患者23例,均在关节镜及C臂监视下小切口复位骨折,行螺钉钢板内固定,术中不切开关节囊,并用关节镜同时处理合并的半月板损伤6例,另有交叉韧带损伤的2例留待二期行重建术。结果所有骨折均解剖复位,3~5个月内愈合,未出现感染、切口愈合不良和骨筋膜室综合征等早期并发症。23例均获随访,时间6~24个月,无骨折端移位、塌陷、内固定松动断裂,无创伤性膝关节炎和膝关节内外翻畸形。按Hohl-Luck膝关节评分评定疗效,优18例,良4例,可1例。结论关节镜及C臂监视下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折具有创伤小,复位固定满意,可同时处理关节内合并伤,术后关节功能恢复快的优点。     

复杂过伸型胫骨平台骨折的形态特征及手术策略

目的探讨复杂过伸型胫骨平台骨折的形态特征、手术策略及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年1月治疗27例复杂过伸型胫骨平台骨折患者资料,男19例,女8例;年龄23~68岁,平均43.4岁。根据胫骨平台骨折Schatzker分型:Ⅳ型8例,Ⅴ型5例,Ⅵ型14例;三柱理论分型:双柱骨折8例,三柱骨折19例。双髁骨折采用内侧和前外侧入路,内侧Tomofix锁定钢板固定,前外侧"L"型锁定钢板固定;胫骨内髁骨折采用扩大内侧入路,分别于前内侧"T"型钢板固定和内后侧锁定钢板固定;合并胫骨前缘骨折患者采用改良前正中入路,胫骨前缘采用水平带状钢板固定。修复合并软组织或骨损伤。术后和终末随访通过X线片及CT扫描评估骨折愈合、复位情况。采用Rasmussen放射学标准评估胫骨平台骨折复位情况,采用美国特种外科医院(hospital for special surgery,HSS)评分评估术后12个月膝关节功能。结果27例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间为130~350 min,平均165 min。27例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均15.8个月。所有骨折均获得骨性愈合,骨折临床愈合时间10~18周,平均13.5周。术后12个月Rasmussen胫骨平台骨折复位放射学评分为13~18分,平均16.7分,其中优19例,良8例,优良率为100%(27/27)。术后12个月HSS膝关节评分82~98分,平均93.2分,其中优22例,良4例,可1例,优良率96.2%(26/27)。结论复杂过伸型胫骨平台骨折常出现胫骨双髁骨折、胫骨内侧髁或胫骨前缘骨折,根据不同的骨折位置选择手术入路和固定方式,同时修复韧带软组织结构,重建膝关节稳定性,可取得满意的疗效。     

Posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures

OBJECTIVE: To present a case series of patients with posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated by direct fracture exposure and fixation through dual incisions. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Level 1 trauma centers. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients were identified that had posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Two patients had depressed posterolateral tibial plateau fractures with contained defects and did not have direct fracture exposure. One patient died of medical problems leaving 5 patients who underwent direct fracture exposure, reduction, and fixation. INTERVENTION: Posteromedial followed by posterolateral open reduction and internal fixation of posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. RESULTS: At 6 to 24 months follow-up (mean 13 months), all patients returned to near full activities, each with aching after prolonged standing (8-hour shift). Range of motion averaged 2 degrees to 121 degrees of flexion. Three of 5 returned to manual labor jobs; the others were not employed at the time of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures have a high association with lateral meniscal pathology and can be associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Reduction of the posterior plateau condyles is easiest with the knee in full extension. Flexion contractures can be a problem, and patients should be encouraged to regain/maintain knee extension. The dual-incision approach to these challenging fractures can result in good to excellent knee function for these patients.     

The prevalence of soft tissue injuries in nonoperative tibial plateau fractures as determined by magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of meniscus tears and complete ligament disruption in nondisplaced and minimally displaced tibial plateau fractures, which are otherwise amenable to nonoperative management. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Level I urban trauma center. INTERVENTION: Magnetic resonance imaging of 20 consecutive nonoperative tibial plateau fractures. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 20 consecutive nonoperative (nondisplaced or minimally displaced) tibial plateau fractures to determine the frequency of significant soft tissue injuries. Ninety percent (18 of 20) had magnetic resonance imaging-diagnosed significant injuries to the soft tissues, including 80% (16 of 20) with meniscal tears, and 40% (8 of 20) with complete ligament disruptions. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a high prevalence of soft tissue injuries with nondisplaced fractures of the tibial plateau and cautions the physician and patient with respect to future knee function and possible arthrosis.     

Proximal avulsion of five ligaments and revised diagonal principle in tibial plateau fractures

PurposeThe aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of proximal avulsion of the five main ligaments and to revise the diagonal tension/compression concept in tibial plateau fractures.MethodsComputed tomographic images of 1263 cases of tibial plateau fractures were retrospectively analyzed by the OTA/AO classification and four-column nine-segment classification. The correlation between proximal avulsion of five ligaments and the injury mechanism was analyzed.ResultsIn total, 1263 tibial plateau fractures in 1253 patients were included. A total of 92 cases (7.3%) associated with proximal avulsions were identified among the 1263 tibial plateau fracture cases obtained from our institution's database. The 92 avulsions occurred in 82 patients, among whom 10 patients had two different avulsions in a single knee. The incidence of proximal avulsion fracture of the medial and lateral collateral ligament was 3.6% (45/1263) and 2.1% (26/1263), respectively. The incidence of avulsion of the anterior cruciate ligament and avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament was much lower at 0.2% (2/1263) and 0.1% (1/1263), respectively. Proximal avulsion of the patellar ligament occurred in 18 cases (incidence rate = 1.4%). Several combinations of injuries, composed of distal tibial plateau fractures and proximal avulsion of ligaments, were identified.ConclusionsAmong the patients with tibial plateau fracture, the incidence of proximal avulsion of the five ligaments was 7.3% (92/1263). The four-column and nine-segment classification is an exhaustive method for recording injuries in these ligaments. The revised diagonal injury concept is useful for understanding the injury mechanism and choosing the appropriate surgical strategy.     

A new method of closed reduction using the spring action of Kirschner wires for fractures of the tibial plateau--a preliminary report

The treatment of fractures of the lateral tibial plateau is still a subject of controversy. Many authors have emphasized the importance of early mobilization of the knee joint following fractures of the tibial plateau. However, local depression fractures of the tibial plateau occur quite frequently in elderly patients and have presented many difficult problems in management. In 1982, the authors developed a new method of closed reduction using the spring action of Kirschner wires for severely displaced local depression fractures of the tibial plateau. The principle of this procedure is to apply continuous positive pressure to the depressed fragment for its reduction and retention. By re-establishing stability in the fracture, active knee mobilization can be allowed from the beginning. Seven patients were treated with this procedure, and the results of short-term follow-up, ranging from three to 26 months, were promising as to the range of motion, stability and relief of pain.     

Multiligament knee injuries with associated tibial plateau fractures: A report of two cases

The management of a combination of fracture and multiligament knee injury (MKI) in traumatic knee injury remains controversial, and there are evolving treatment recommendations. Currently, there are no studies focusing on older adult patients with MKI’s in combination with tibia fractures. As a result, there is no well-established treatment algorithm for older adult patients with these complex injuries. We report two cases of MKI’s with concomitant fractures in patients fifty years of age or older. Both patients were treated surgically for their associated tibial plateau fractures, but were managed with conservative treatment of the multiligamentous knee injuries. We also provide a review of the literature and guidelines for older adult patients with these types of complex traumatic injuries. Early to mid term acceptable outcomes were achieved for both patients through surgical fixation of the tibial plateau fracture and conservative treatment of the ligament injuries. We propose a comprehensive treatment algorithm for management of these complex injuries.     

内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定的方法,评估内固定手术的疗效。方法回顾性分析本组收治的胫骨平台骨折患者74例。均为外伤后2周内的新鲜骨折,男58例,女16例,年龄16～72岁,平均46．3岁。合并膝关节韧带及半月板损伤共30例。骨折按Schatzker分类,I型9例,Ⅱ型42例,Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型5例,V型3例,Ⅵ型7例,根据骨折的类型采用不同的切口进行切开复位内固定治疗,骨缺损者同时予以植骨。结果72例患者均获得随访,随访期3～42个月,平均34个月,伞部骨性愈合。术后膝关节功能评价参照HSS评分标准：优51例,良12例,中9例,优良率为87．5％。结论内固定是治疗胫骨平台骨折的有效方法,手术方法根据骨折的不同类型而异,术后并发症的发生与骨折损伤程度、手术时机的选择和手术复位的质最密切相关。应尽肇争取早期解剖复位、骨缺损植骨、稳定固定和早期非负重功能锻炼。术前必须重视软组织损伤的评估。