颅底凹陷型难复性寰枢椎脱位术后齿状突下移与神经功能的关系

目的 研究颅底凹陷型难复性寰枢椎脱位术后齿状突下移与神经功能的关系。方法 选择本院2016年9月～2018年9月收治的30例颅底凹陷型难复性寰枢椎脱位患者作为研究对象,分析其术前和术后6～24个月的颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index, NDI)、齿状突与麦氏线距离、Bull角、克劳指数、Boogard角、寰椎后弓与齿状突前缘距离、枕骨斜坡与齿状突后缘夹角、齿状突下移率、ASIA神经功能评分。结果 患者术前和术后6～24个月的NDI指数、齿状突与麦氏线距离、Bull角、克劳指数、Boogard角、寰椎后弓与齿状突前缘距离比较,患者术前和术后24个月的枕骨斜坡与齿状突后缘夹角比较,差异均有统计学有意义(P<0.05)。患者术后6～24个月的齿状突下移率比较,患者术前和术后6～24个月的ASIA神经功能评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson直线相关法分析,术后齿状突下移率与ASIA神经功能评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 颅底凹陷型难复性寰枢椎脱位术后齿状突下移对神经功能有显著影响,临床可通过促进齿状突下移,提高患者的神经...     

齿状突疾患合并寰枢椎脱位的手术治疗

目的：评价各种类型手术治疗齿状突突患并寰枢椎脱位的应用效果，方法：回顾性分析1995年6月－2000年4月间收治的32例齿状突疾患合并寰枢仪表闰的病例，其中齿状突骨折20例，齿状突畸形10例，齿状突骨巨细胞瘤2例。后路C1－2钢丝固定5例，Apolfix椎板夹5例，寰椎侧块螺钉6例，不能复位者行枕融合术8例，前路齿状突螺钉固定6例，前后路联合手术（前路肿切除，后路寰枢椎融合）2例，所有术式自体或异体骨植骨融合术。结果：术后随访14月－5年，平均2年6个月，30例获得坚强骨愈合，2例不愈合。无主中，后并发症，亦无内固定松动，脱出，断裂，及肿瘤复发转移，结论：运用多种术式治疗齿状突疾患合并寰枢椎位，只要适应证选择恰当，其结果是令人满意的，其中对能复位的寰枢椎脱们以前路或后路螺钉固定与植骨融合术最为简单，安全，有效，值得推广应用。     

齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的手术治疗

目的评价几种手术方法治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎脱位的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析了采用手术治疗的24例齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎脱位的病例,其中齿状突Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型14例,采用前路齿状突加压螺钉内固定8例;椎板间ATLAS钛缆系统固定或Apofix椎板夹固定、后路寰枢椎融合10例;改良后路Magerl联合Gallie内固定、寰枢椎融合6例。结果术后随访3～30个月,颈椎活动度的保持以齿状突螺钉固定最佳,后路椎板间固定和Magerl联合Gallie内固定病例颈椎旋转度丧失较多;7例出现不完全性四肢瘫患者的术前脊髓功能Frankel分级C级4例、D级3例,术后D级5例、E级2例,无一例发生脊髓损伤加重及术后感染;术后3个月X线片显示所有内置物无松动、脱落及断裂,无复位丢失。结论前路齿状突螺钉技术是治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎脱位的首选,只有在齿状突螺钉禁忌时才考虑采用寰枢椎融合;坚强内固定是后路寰枢椎融合的有力保障,改良Magerl联合Gallie三点内固定具有较好的生物力学性能,是实施后路寰枢椎融合的理想内固定技术。     

寰枢椎后路融合术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

目的：探讨3种寰枢椎后路融合术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的临床效果。方法：对18例齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患行寰枢椎后路融合术：包括Callie钢丝法7例,Brooks钢丝法7例,Apofix椎板夹内固定法4例。结果：术后16例寰枢椎脱位完全复位,2例大部分复位（复位不满意才另行枕颈融合,不在此列）。经0．5－10年（平均4．5年）随访,除1例术后6个月死亡后,其余17例均获骨性融合,其中钢丝断裂而植骨已融合1例,寰椎后弓钢丝切割断裂移位后融合1例;所有患颈痛全部消失;8例有脊髓病症状中,1例无改善（术前JOA评分分别为5分）,其余7例JOA评分均较术前提高,分别为13－17分。结论：3种寰枢椎后路融合术均有其适用性,是治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的有效方法：Apofix椎板夹为寰枢椎后路融合术的首选内固定方式;术前牵引复位是手术成功的关键。     

两种不同手术方式治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位并颅底凹陷效果对比研究

目的 评价经颈前咽前路松解结合枕颈融合内固定术与单纯后路枕颈融合内固定术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位并颅底凹陷的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2015-01—2019-06郑州大学第一附属医院收治的32例难复性寰枢椎脱位并颅底凹陷患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为经颈前咽前路松解结合枕颈融合内固定术组(前后路联合组)和单纯后路枕颈融合...     

齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的个性化手术治疗

目的 评价个性化手术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的临床应用效果.方法 回顾性分析采用不同手术方式治疗20例齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位.采用前路中空螺钉内固定8例;后路经椎弓根螺钉行寰枢椎内固定12例.结果 随访时间6～24个月,平均13个月,全部骨性愈合,未出现内固定物断裂,无延迟愈合和骨不连,脊髓神经功能全部恢复到E级.前...     

前后路联合手术治疗齿状突骨折畸形愈合伴难复性寰枢椎脱位

目的:探讨经口前路松解齿状突部分切除与后路复位固定融合治疗齿状突骨折畸形愈合伴难复性寰枢椎脱位的疗效。方法:2008年1月～2011年1月我院共收治7例齿状突骨折畸形愈合致难复性寰枢椎脱位患者,男5例,女2例,年龄21～51岁,平均36.4岁。术前神经功能JOA评分为5～9分,平均7.3±2.1分;脊髓有效空间(space available for the cord,SAC)为4～12mm,平均8.34±3.68mm。均行经口前路松解、齿状突部分切除,一期后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统进一步提拉复位、固定、融合术,术后观察神经功能改善情况,并行X线、CT、MRI检查观察复位及植骨融合情况。结果:手术时间280～360min,平均310min。术中出血510～930ml,平均670ml。术中无脊髓神经损伤;1例术中置入枢椎椎弓根螺钉时损伤椎动脉,经原钉道拧入螺钉后完成止血,术后随访无椎动脉损伤的临床表现;1例术中置入寰椎椎弓根螺钉时寰椎后弓下壁破裂,未改变钉道,继续沿椎弓根方向置入螺钉,术后随访无寰枢椎的再失稳和移位。所有患者均获得满意复位。随访9～36个月,平均19.6个月。均在术后6个月获得骨性融合,随访期间未发现螺钉松动、移位、断裂,无寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象。末次随访时,JOA评分为11～15分,平均13.1±2.1分,与术前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),改善率为78.8%～93.5%,平均87.4%;末次随访时的SAC为11～18mm,平均14.78±2.15mm,与术前比较明显增大(P<0.05)。结论:对于齿状突骨折畸形愈合伴难复性寰枢椎脱位患者,经口咽前路松解齿状突部分切除与后路复位固定融合术可获得好的复位效果,近期疗效满意。     

一期前路松解后路固定治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位

[目的]介绍一期颈前咽后入路松解后路复位固定融合治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位的手术技术与初步疗效.[方法] 2016年3月～2019年1月应用颈前咽后入路寰枢松解后路复位固定融合治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位患者38例.患者首先取仰卧位,经Smith-Robinson入路显露寰枢关节腹侧结构,去除寰枢关节周围瘢痕韧带等实现寰枢松解;然后...     

CT量化评分评估寰枢椎脱位及合并颅底凹陷症寰枢椎脱位复位难易程度的可行性研究

目的:探讨应用CT量化评分评估寰枢椎脱位(atantoaxial dislocatiion,AAD)及合并颅底凹陷症(basilar invagination,BI)的AAD复位难易程度的可行性,为手术决策提供指导.方法:2018年3月～2019年12月,对88例AAD(BI/AAD)患者入院后行颈椎CT扫描,依据定义...     

The Classification of Axial Deformity in Patients with Basilar Invagination

ObjectiveTo summarize the variation types of the axis in patients with basilar invagination (BI), then propose a classification scheme of the axis deformity.MethodsFrom December 2013 to September 2020, 92 patients (male 42, female 50) who were diagnosed with BI were studied retrospectively. Based on the imaging data of CT, the width and height of the axis pedicle and the sagittal diameter of the lateral mass were measured in each patient. According to the development of axis pedicle and lateral mass, the types of axis variation were summarized, and then the classification scheme of axis deformity was put forward.ResultsAll cases were analyzed and axis deformities were divided into four types. Type I: the axis is basically normal (53 cases, 57.6%). Type II: axis lateral mass is dysplasia (eight cases, 8.7%), which includes two subtypes: type IIA, the axis unilateral lateral mass is dysplasia (three cases); type IIB, the axis bilateral lateral masses are all dysplasia (five cases). Type III: axis pedicle is dysplasia (11 cases, 12%), which is subdivided into two subtypes: type IIIA, the axis unilateral pedicle is dysplasia (six cases); type IIIB, the axis bilateral pedicles are all dysplasia (five cases). Type IV: axis pedicle and lateral mass are all dysplasia (20 cases, 21.7%), this type contains the following four subtypes: type IVA, the unilateral axis pedicle and unilateral lateral mass (contralateral or ipsilateral) are all hypoplasia (four cases); type IVB, the unilateral axis pedicle and bilateral lateral masses are all hypoplasia (five cases); type IVC, the bilateral axis pedicles and unilateral lateral mass are all dysplasia (seven cases); type IVD, the bilateral axis pedicles and bilateral lateral masses are all dysplasia (four cases). The left and right abnormal lateral mass sagittal diameter (Type II) was (7.23 ± 1.39) mm and (5.96 ± 1.37) mm, respectively, the left and right abnormal pedicle width (Type III) was (2.61 ± 1.01) mm and (3.23 ± 0.66) mm, respectively, left and right abnormal pedicle height (Type III) was (5.43 ± 2.19) mm and (4.92 ± 1.76) mm, respectively. Moreover, the classification scheme has good repeatability and credibility.ConclusionsThe classification about axis deformity could provide personalized guidance for axis screw placement in the BI and other upper cervical surgery, and axis screw placement errors would be effectively avoided.     

牵引复位手术治疗颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位

目的 探讨牵引复位后手术治疗颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位的治疗方法和临床疗效。方法颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位患者20例．术前均采用颅骨牵引．其中18例在牵引4～10d后复位,行后路手术减压、枕颈融合术,2例在牵引2周后未能复位．行前路口咽入路松解减压,后路寰椎后弓切除忱颈融合术。术后头颈胸支具固定6～12个月。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～48个月。平均32个月。20例患者神经功能均恢复良好,术后6～12个月内植骨均融合良好,尤内固定松动、断裂,JOA评分由术前平均8．6分增加到15．6分,14例能恢复正常生活、工作,6例达到生活自理。结论颅底凹陷症合并寰枢椎脱位的治疗,术前有效的牵引复位和手术重建枕颈区的稳定性是治疗的关键。     

前路经口减压后路固定和枕骨大孔减压治疗颅底凹陷症

目的 探讨前路经口寰枢关节松解减压后路固定融合术（TAAR）与后路枕骨大孔减压术（FMD）治疗颅底凹陷症的疗效.方法 对18例颅底凹陷患者采用TAAR治疗9例、FMD治疗9例.术前测量Chamberlain 线、McRae线、Wackenheim线、寰齿前间距（AID）、Klaus高度指数及延脊髓角;记录患者手术时间、术中出血总量.应用JOA颈椎病疗效判定标准,比较两种方式的疗效.结果 McRae线、Wackenheim线和AID值TAAR组均明显大于FMD组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Chamberlain 线值、Klaus值和延脊髓角度指标两组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.JOA评分：TAAR组优4例,良3例,好转1例,差1例;FMD组优7例,良1例,好转1例;两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 对有固定寰枢关节脱位颅底凹陷症且齿状突高于McRae 线和Wackenheim线者行TAAR,对无寰枢关节脱位且齿状突低于McRae 线和Wackenheim线者行FMD,两种方法疗效相当.     

陈旧性寰枢椎脱位并截瘫的治疗

１９８４年，作者对１５具尸体做了寰枢椎平面椎管及椎管内各组织问关系的测量分析，并观察了用２具尸体模拟齿状突骨折、寰枢椎脱位的情况。另外，对５０例正常人（１５～５８岁）的颈椎Ｘ线侧位片进行了测量。在上述基础上，于１９８４年～１９９２年对３４例陈旧性寰枢椎脱位并有脊髓压迫者主要采用了：（１）经日前路减压复位，（２）头颈双向牵引加后路寰枢椎融合术进行治疗，经平均４年的随访，疗效满意。尤其是第一种方法，可达到减压、复位的双重目的，重点对该术式的基本原理、术中预防椎动脉损伤及预防感染等手术相关问题作了讨论。     

Atlantoaxial Joint Interlocking Following Type II Odontoid Fracture Associated with Posterolateral Atlantoaxial Dislocation: a Case Report and Review of Published Reports

A rare case of atlantoaxial lateral mass joint interlocking secondary to traumatic posterolateral C_1,2 complete dislocation associated with type II odontoid fracture is herein reported and the impact of atlantoaxial joint interlocking on fracture reduction discussed. A 72‐year‐old man presented with traumatic atlantoaxial lateral mass joint interlocking without spinal cord signal change, the diagnosis being confirmed by radiography and 3‐D reconstruction digital anatomy. Posterior internal fixation was performed after failure to achieve closed reduction by skull traction. After many surgical attempts at setting had failed because of interlocking of the lateral mass joints, reduction was achieved by compressing the posterior parts of the atlantal and axial screws. Odontoid bone union and C_1,2 posterior bone graft fusion were eventually obtained by the 12‐month follow‐up. The patient had a complete neurological recovery with no residual neck pain or radiculopathy.     

钩钢板侧块螺钉内固定在治疗寰枢椎脱位中的应用

目的通过对寰枢椎脱位患者行后路钩钢板侧块螺钉内固定的治疗及术后随访,探讨钩钢板侧块螺钉内固定在寰枢椎脱位后路固定手术的操作方式、注意问题及临床疗效。方法通过对2001年4月至2008年8月收治的8例寰枢椎脱位患者行后路钩钢板侧块螺钉内固定治疗,术后随访7～95个月不等,对患者的症状改善情况、骨性融合情况进行分析,以探讨该手术方式的可行性及临床效果。结果 8例患者手术过程顺利,未发生脊髓、神经根、椎动脉等重要解剖结构的损伤;后路手术出血量100～200 mL,平均出血量140 mL,手术时间170～220 min;术后脊髓功能均获得改善,肢体麻木、无力症状减轻;未出现内固定松动、断钉及再脱位情况,全部患者获得骨性融合;术后未出现头晕头痛等脑缺血症状及与该手术操作可引起的其他相关症状。结论对可复性寰枢椎脱位采用后路钩钢板侧块螺钉内固定治疗是可行、安全、有效的。     

Usefulness of a Three‐Dimensional‐Printed Model in the Treatment of Irreducible Atlantoaxial Dislocation with Transoral Atlantoaxial Reduction Plate

ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of a 3D‐printed model for transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) surgery in the treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD).MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 23 patients (13 men, 10 women; mean age 58.17 ± 5.27 years) with IAAD who underwent TARP from January 2015 to July 2017. Patients were divided into a 3D group (12 patients) and a non‐3D group (11 patients). A preoperative simulation process was undertaken for the patients in the 3D group, with preselection of the TARP system using a 3D‐printed 1:1 scale model, while only imaging data was used for the non‐3D group. Complications, clinical outcomes (Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] and visual analogue score [VAS]), and image measurements (atlas–dens interval [ADI], cervicomedullary angle [CMA], and clivus‐canal angle [CCA]) were noted preoperatively and at the last follow up.ResultsA total of 23 patients with a follow‐up time of 16.26 ± 4.27 months were included in the present study. The surgery duration, intraoperative blood loss, and fluoroscopy times in the 3D group were found to be shorter than those in non‐3D group, with statistical significance. The surgery duration was 3.29 ± 0.45 h in the 3D group and 4.68 ± 0.90 h in the non‐3D group, and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was 131.67 ± 43.03 mL in the 3D group and 185.45 ± 42.28 mL in the non‐3D group. No patients received blood transfusions. The intraoperative fluoroscopy times were 5.67 ± 0.89 in the 3D group and 7.91 ± 1.45 in the non‐3D group. Preoperatively and at last follow up, JOA and VAS scores and ADI, CCA, and CMA were improved significantly within the two groups. However, no statistical difference was observed between the two groups. However, surgical site infection occurred in 1 patient in the 3D group, who underwent an emergency revision operation of the removal of TARP device and posterior occipitocervical fixation; the patient recovered 2 weeks after the surgery. In 2 patients in the traditional group, a mistake occurred in the placement of screws, with no neurological symptoms related to the misplacement.ConclusionPreoperative surgical simulation using a 3D‐printed real‐size model is an intuitive and effective aid for TARP surgery for treating IAAD. The 3D‐printed biomodel precisely replicated patient‐specific anatomy for use in complicated craniovertebral junction surgery. The information was more useful than that available with 3D reconstructed images.     

陈旧性齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患者寰枢椎侧块关节CT影像学分析

目的 :观察陈旧性齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患者寰枢椎侧块关节三维CT影像学特征,探讨其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月～2020年4月我院收治的陈旧性齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患者,按纳入标准共纳入21例作为观察组(A组);选择年龄段、性别与观察组患者相匹配的21例三维CT未提示枕颈区及颈椎病变或下颈椎曲度异常改变者作为对照组(B组)。在二维CT图像上测量对比两组寰枢椎侧块关节冠、矢状面倾斜角,并将此两指标作为侧块关节形态改变定量评价指标;检验B组观察者间及观察者内信度,测量由两名脊柱外科医师分别独立完成,间隔1周重复测量。统计A组患者骨折病程及寰枢椎侧块关节矢状面倾斜角,使用Pearson相关分析分析骨折病程与侧块关节矢状面倾斜角相关性。根据颈椎过伸位或全麻颅骨牵引下寰枢椎脱位复位情况,将A组患者分为可复型(复位≥50%)与不可复型(复位50%);统计不可复型患者在伴或不伴侧块关节形态改变患者中的占比,分析侧块关节形态改变与寰枢椎脱位复位难易的相关性;比较伴侧块关节形态改变患者与不伴侧块关节形态改变患者寰齿前间隙(ADI)及JOA评分。结果:B组侧块关节冠、矢状面倾斜角测量结果观察者间信度值分别为0.923和0.902,观察者内信度值分别为0.934和0.909。B组42侧侧块关节冠、矢状面倾斜角分别为24.6°±3.9°与14.8°±2.7°;A组41侧(1例伴单侧侧块关节融合无法测量)侧块关节冠状面倾斜角为25.2°±4.1°,两组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),矢状面倾斜角(8.2°±4.9°)小于B组(P0.05)。相关分析提示,骨折病程与双侧寰枢椎侧块关节矢状面倾斜角呈负相关(左:r=-0.702,P0.01;右:r=-0.605,P0.05)。A组患者中12例出现侧块关节塌陷、穹隆状及鱼唇样形态学改变(单侧6例,双侧6例);经全麻下颅骨牵引评估,可复型为10例,不可复型为11例,伴有侧块关节形态改变的患者中不可复型占比为75%(9/12),无关节形态改变的患者中不可复型占比为22.2%(2/9),两者比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。A组中伴侧块关节形态改变患者ADI与JOA评分分别为10.3±1.6mm与9.6±3.2分,与不伴侧块关节形态改变患者(7.2±3.1mm、14.6±3.3分)比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :部分陈旧性齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位的患者伴有寰枢椎侧块关节形态学改变,侧块关节形态学的改变与寰枢椎脱位的发生发展及复位难易有一定的相关性;三维CT评估寰枢椎侧块关节形态对手术决策及术中操作具有指导价值。