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1.
目的 探讨踝关节外侧结构稳定性在胫骨pilon骨折治疗中的意义.方法 从2005年7月至2008年1月共收治18例胫骨pilon骨折伴踝关节外侧结构损伤患者,其中男13例,女5例,平均年龄41.3岁.闭合性骨折16例,开放性骨折2例.AO分型:B1型3例,B2型5例;C1型3例,C2型7例.对于12例闭合性胫骨pilon骨折患者,首先采用后外侧切口进行腓骨复位和内固定,接着采用改良前内侧切口进行胫骨Chaput结节的复位和固定,中间关节面以及内侧骨块参照Chaput结节进行复位.对于2例开放性骨折和4例伴有严重软组织损伤或多发伤的闭合性胫骨pilon骨折患者,采用分期手术治疗,一期腓骨切开复位钢板内固定结合内侧胫骨跨踝关节外固定支架固定,对内侧结构只做克氏针或螺钉临时复位固定,二期(平均14 d后)拆除胫骨外固定支架或行胫骨切开复位钢板内固定. 结果 14例患者术后获8~30个月(平均18.4个月)随访,4例失访.14例骨折均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为5.4个月.关节面复位评价:解剖复位9例,一般4例,差1例.临床功能评价:优6例,良3例,可4例,差1例.1例开放性胫骨pilon骨折外固定后出现感染,在抗感染治疗后7周更换内固定,同时放置庆大霉素珠链,术后30周骨折愈合. 结论踝关节外侧结构稳定性的恢复在胫骨pilon骨折治疗中极其重要.  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨T形钢板内固定治疗后踝骨折伴脱位的临床疗效。方法采用改良后外侧切口结合内侧切口入路,俯卧位,对32例AO分型中B3和C3型踝关节骨折伴脱位且后踝骨折块位于后外侧的患者采用T形钢板固定后踝骨折,术后8周开始功能煅炼。结果本组均获随访6~24个月,骨折全部愈合,疗效按Baird-Jackson踝关节评分标准评定:优25例,良4例,可2例,差1例。结论 T形钢板内固定后踝骨折符合胫骨远端后侧解剖形态,同时可起到加压固定作用,使后踝骨折恢复生理骨性结构,术后可早期功能煅炼,促进踝关节功能恢复。  相似文献   

3.
[目的]探讨膝关节后侧和(或)前侧入路治疗胫骨平台粉碎性骨折的手术方法.[方法]10例胫骨平台粉碎性骨折的患者,采用后内侧和(或)后外侧入路和(或)前侧入路切开复位内固定治疗.[结果]10例均获随访,随访时间13~21个月(15.3±2)个月.患者膝关节功能评定按Hohl评分标准:优8例,良2例.复查X线片:骨折复位良好,关节面未见明显塌陷及内外翻情况.[结论]后侧入路较常规前侧入路能更充分地暴露胫骨平台后髁及后关节间隙,提供了更广阔的操作空间,有利于骨折的复位内固定.  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨Carlson后内侧或后外侧入路内固定治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折的可行性及近期疗效。方法对2010年4月至2012年1月15例胫骨平台后侧骨折患者行Carlson后侧入路切开复位内固定治疗并进行随访,做疗效分析。结果 15例均获随访,随访时间6~15个月,平均11个月,骨折愈合后以美国特种外科医院(the hospital forspecial surgery,HSS)膝关节评分标准进行膝关节功能评估。骨折愈合后HSS评分72~94分,平均85.3分。结论 Carlson后内侧或后外侧入路对胫骨平台后侧骨折可以很好的显露并复位内固定,术后膝关节功能恢复较满意。  相似文献   

5.
后侧入路钢板内固定治疗胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的 探讨胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折的手术入路及固定方法.方法 对8例胫骨平台后侧劈裂骨折采用后内侧或(和)后外侧入路切开复位钢板内固定并植骨治疗,观察其疗效.结果 8例术后获12~24个月(平均16.4个月)随访,骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间11~18周,平均15周,术后12个月膝关节功能评定按Hohl评分标准:优5例,良2...  相似文献   

6.
[目的]探讨前侧入路微创经皮钢板技术治疗胫骨远端骨折疗效.[方法]自2006年7月~2008年9月,本院胫骨远端骨折病例共23例,按AO分型:A型17例(9例A1,5例A2,3例A3),B型5例,C型1例.[结果]21例获得随访,随访率为91.3%,随访时间(16.3±5.8)个月(7~23个月),所有骨折均获顺利愈合,影像学愈合时间(3.4±2.2)个月(2~6个月),临床愈合时间为(4.4±1.8)个月(3~6个月),完全负重时间为(11.1±4.3)周(7~18周),按Johner-Ruhs膝踝关节功能评分法,优15例,良4例,中2例,差0例,优良率90.5%.[结论]前侧入路微创经皮钢板技术是治疗胫骨远端骨折的有效方法,当踝关节内侧存在软组织损伤,或外侧骨折块较难复位时,前侧MIPPO技术优势更为明显.  相似文献   

7.
后内侧解剖板治疗陈旧后踝骨折伴踝关节脱位   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的探讨胫骨远端后内侧解剖板治疗陈旧性后踝骨折伴踝关节后脱位的临床疗效。方法采用小腿后内侧入路胫骨远端后内侧解剖型钢板内固定,对16例陈旧性后踝骨折伴踝关节后脱位患者进行手术治疗。结果术后随访8~24个月(平均12个月),所有伤口均一期愈合,无皮肤坏死、伤口感染、钢板外露等严重并发症。骨折临床愈合时间10~16周,平均12周。按Mazur踝关节功能评定标准进行评价,本组优12例,良3例,可1例,优良率93.75%。结论胫骨远端内后侧解剖型板符合胫骨远端内后侧的解剖形态,起到一种压板效应,能使陈旧后踝骨折块容易复位,固定确切可靠,符合后踝骨折固定的生物力学原理,对于陈旧后踝骨折伴踩关节后脱位具有明显的优越性。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨经前正中有限切口结合胫骨内侧解剖型锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗Rüedi-Allg(o)werⅡ、Ⅲ型pilon骨折的疗效.方法 对2008年1月至2011年5月收治的22例Rüedi-Allg(o)werⅡ、Ⅲ型pilon骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,男16例,女6例;年龄22~62岁,平均44岁;骨折分型:Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型10例.均采用前正中有限切口,长5 ~8 cm,直视下复位关节面,并将LCP固定于胫骨内侧,近端经皮打入螺钉.结果 所有患者术后获6~ 24个月(平均12个月)随访.按Burwell-Charnley放射学评价标准评定复位质量:解剖复位14例,复位可7例,复位差1例;按Tornetta临床疗效评价标准评定疗效:优15例,良6例,可1例,优良率95.5%.切口一期愈合19例,一期愈合率达86.4%.结论 经前正中有限切口结合胫骨内侧解剖型LCP治疗Rüedi-Allg(o)werⅡ、Ⅲ型pilon骨折具有手术创伤小、固定牢靠、愈合率高、切口并发症少、功能恢复满意等优点.  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨后内侧手术入路结合前外侧有限切开治疗Pilon骨折的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法 2010年3月至2015年1月采用后内侧手术入路结合前外侧有限切开治疗胫骨Pilon骨折10例,其中男9例,女1例;年龄24~56岁,平均36.5岁。左侧7例,右侧3例。伤后至手术时间5h~14d,平均9d。病例均为有较大胫骨远端后侧骨折块的闭合性骨折。按AO/OTA分型,43C1型2例,43C2型8例。软组织损伤按Tscherne分度,0度4例,1度4例,2度2例。行前外侧有限切开复位固定腓骨及前外侧骨折块,再经后内侧入路显露复位螺钉固定后侧及内侧骨折块,经皮内侧锁定板支撑固定胫骨远端。结果切口愈合良好。患者随访12~24个月,平均16.5个月。骨折愈合时间12~20周,平均15.1周。按Mazur踝关节评分系统评价疗效,优6例,良2例,可2例,优良率为80%。结论后内侧手术入路结合前外侧有限切开适用于有较大胫骨远端后侧骨折块的闭合性Pilon骨折。该技术能有效显露并复位固定Pilon骨折的后侧及内侧骨折块,减少术中软组织损伤,保护骨折端血供,术后并发症少,疗效优良。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨后外侧联合前内侧入路钢板内固定治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折的手术方法和临床疗效。方法对12例合并后侧骨块移位的Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折采用后外侧入路显露、固定腓骨和后侧骨块。先经腓骨短肌前方行腓骨骨折复位固定,同一切口内沿拇长屈肌外缘显露胫骨后踝并固定,再取踝前内侧切口,直视下行胫骨关节面复位,充分植骨后胫骨前方行钢板固定。结果术后随访平均11.7个月。末次随访时按Mazur评分标准评定疗效:优8例,良3例,可1例。结论后外侧联合前内侧入路钢板内固定治疗合并后侧骨块移位Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折可充分显露和固定后侧骨块,为胫骨远端关节面复位提供标志,且不增加软组织并发症。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

15.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

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