PLIF术式治疗椎间盘源性腰痛52例疗效分析

目的 研究采用后路椎间盘切除,椎体间植骨融合椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛术式治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的效果.方法 本文回顾性分析了我院2000-2005年采用后路椎间盘切除,椎间植骨融合椎弓根螺钉内固定手术治疗的52例患者,随访6月-2年的结果,评估其腰痛改善率及术后疗效等级.结果 术后腰痛改善率92%,疗效优为23例,良24例,结论 PLIF术式治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛效果确切.     

后路椎间植骨椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的研究后路椎体间融合加椎弓根固定治疗腰椎间盘源性腰痛的手术疗效。方法 35例腰椎间盘源性下腰痛,选择后路椎体间植骨融合（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）加椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术。分别于术前、术后对患者的腰痛情况进行JOA评分,同时评估术后腰椎融合率。结果术后随访时间8～24个月,平均18个月。术后腰部疼痛症状缓解明显,优21例,良8例,一般4例,差2例,有效率95%。术后椎间植骨临床愈合35例,植骨愈合有效率100%。结论后路椎间植骨椎弓根螺钉固定术对椎间盘源性腰痛是一种有效的治疗方法。     

颈椎前、后路手术的运动学变化

目的：为评价几种颈椎前、后路手术对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法：取四具意外伤亡的新鲜尸体Ｃ２～Ｔ１标本，保留所有韧带和椎间连接，行如下手术：１．Ｃ５，６椎间盘切除；２．椎间植骨；３．前方椎体钢板螺钉内固定；４．Ｃ５全椎板减压；５．Ｃ５，６椎弓根钢板螺钉内固定（去除该部椎体钢板）；６．去除椎弓根钢板和植骨块。测量上述诸术Ｃ２～Ｔ１各节段间的前屈、后伸、左右侧弯，左右旋转运动变化，以完整标本作对照。结果：Ｃ５，６椎间盘切除后的前屈运动增加６７．８％（Ｐ＜０．０１），后伸运动增加５９％（Ｐ＜０．０１），侧弯和旋转运动增加１０％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。植骨后运动变化不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。椎体钢板和椎弓根内固定后各向运动均明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），以侧弯和旋转尤为明显，椎弓根固定后明显增强三维稳定性。而椎体钢板固定的旋转稳定性最佳。然椎间盘和椎板同时切除引起三维运动明显不稳。损伤和固定节段的运动增大和减小，伴随其相邻上或下节段运动的代偿性减小和增大，但无显著性。结论：以上结果为临床开展颈椎前、后路手术所造成的稳定性变化和在手术内外固定方法的选择上提供了运动学和生物力学理论参考     

椎弓根内固定一期前后路TFC椎体融合治疗腰椎滑脱

目的 探讨采用椎弓根内固定及椎间融合技术治疗腰椎滑脱的方法。方法 腰椎滑脱患者２６例,男１４例,女１２例;采ＲＦ及ＳＯＣＯＮ椎弓根内固定器,Ⅰ期行前路和后路植骨及ＴＦＣ椎体融合治疗腰椎滑脱,其中,采用ＲＦ内固定 时行ＴＦＣ椎体后路融合６例,采用ＳＯＣＯＮ同时加ＴＦＣ椎体后路融合１５例;余５例均行ＲＦ加Ⅰ期前路异体骨环加自体松质骨植骨融合。结果 本ＴＦＣ椎体后路融合１５例;余５例均行ＲＦ加Ⅰ期前路异     

椎弓根钉棒加关节突植骨治疗腰椎失稳并椎间盘突出症

目的：观察椎弓根钉内固定、一侧开窗髓核摘除、对侧小关节、椎扳间植骨融合治疗单纯下腰椎失稳（I度以内滑脱）合并一侧椎间盘突出症的手术效果。方法：采用后路减压椎弓根系统内固定、一侧开窗髓核摘除、对侧小关节椎扳间植骨融合治疗23例。并对术后植骨融合手术效果进行评价。结果：优19例，良4例。术后随访1-3年，脊柱无失稳，椎弓根螺钉无松动，临床症状基本消失，植骨融合率为：第一年82％，第二年全部骨性融合，椎间隙高度无丢失。结论：采用椎管减压，髓核摘除椎弓根内固定及小关节、椎板间植骨融合，可达到脊柱稳定、解除症状的目的。     

椎体间螺纹融合器在下腰椎融合的应用

目的：报道应用椎体间螺纹融合器（ｔｈｒｅａｄｅｄｆｕｓｉｏｎｃａｇｅ,ＴＦＣ）治疗下腰椎疾病的临床结果,并对其适应证、融合方式、并发症防治进行讨论。方法：回顾分析了４８例应用ＴＦＣ治疗腰椎不稳或滑脱患者的临床资料。单纯ＴＦＣ融合２６例,ＴＦＣ＋节段性内固定２２例;后路椎间融合４４例,前路椎间融合３例,侧前路椎间融合１例。结果：术后经６～２１个月随访,临床疗效优良率９２％（优７９５％,良１２．５％）,骨融合率９８％,伤口感染１例,短时神经功能障碍２例。结论：ＴＦＣ融合术是治疗下腰椎不稳或滑脱的一种有效手段。     

椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断及手术治疗

目的:分析和总结椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断及手术疗效。方法:对50例腰痛患者应用MRI及椎间盘造影进行术前检查,并对确诊患者行后路病变节段的椎间盘切除、椎间融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定术手术治疗,对治疗结果作回顾性分析。结果:39例确诊患者经治疗后,效果确切,优良率92.3%。统计学结果显示,术前MRI信号改变,包括高信号(HIZ)现象以及终板信号改变,与椎间盘造影阳性的结果在本组患者中显示有较高相关性。结论:MRI、椎间盘造影可为椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断提供重要的依据;后路椎间盘切除、椎体间融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛疗效确切。     

经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的观察经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的近期疗效。方法将经临床检查和椎间盘造影确诊的19例椎间盘源性腰痛患者行经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定术，术后经12～24个月的随访，观察患者腰痛改善率和椎间融合情况。结果根据JOA标准评定，腰痛改善率平均92％，17例骨性融合，2例未融合。结论经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛近期疗效满意。     

椎弓根内固定加植骨治疗腰椎不稳并椎间盘突出症

目的 观察椎弓根钉内固定、一侧开窗髓核摘除,对侧小关节、椎板横突间植骨融合治疗下腰椎不稳合并一侧椎间盘突出症的手术效果.方法 采用后路减压椎弓根系统同定,一侧开窗髓核摘除、对侧小关节椎板间植骨融合治疗23例.并对术后植骨融合手术效果进行评价.结果 优19例,良4例.术后随访9～36月,脊柱无失稳,椎弓根螺钉无松动,临床症状基本消失,植骨融合率为:第一年82%,第二年全部骨性融合,椎间隙高度无丢失.结论 采用椎管减压,髓核摘除椎弓根内同定及小关节、椎板间植骨融合,可达到脊柱稳定、解除症状的目的 .     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的手术治疗策略

目的探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗方法。方法对28例骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用经椎弓根植骨后路短节段椎弓根内固定,椎间盘变性破裂者切除椎间盘行椎体间植骨融合术。结果患者术后伤椎前缘高度和Cobb角恢复满意,患者获随访24～36个月,伤椎矫正度无明显丢失。结论经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折远期疗效满意,对椎间盘破裂者需同时切除椎间盘行椎体间充分植骨融合。     

经神经根孔入路腰椎融合加椎弓根固定治疗腰椎间盘源性下腰痛

目的研究经神经根孔入路腰椎融合(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)加椎弓根固定治疗腰椎间盘源性下腰痛的手术疗效。方法26例腰椎间盘源性下腰痛,选择行后路TLIF手术加椎弓根固定治疗。分别于术前、术后对患者的腰痛情况进行VAS评分,同时评估术后腰椎融合率。结果术后随访时间8~24个月,平均16个月。25例术后腰腿痛症状基本消失,1例仍有轻度腰痛,融合率为100%。结论严格掌握手术适应证,后路腰椎椎体间融合术是治疗腰椎间盘源性下腰痛的有效方法。     

微创单侧椎弓根螺钉固定、椎体间融合治疗腰椎疾患所致腰痛的临床观察

目的:评价微创单侧椎弓根螺钉固定、椎间融合治疗腰椎疾患所致腰痛的临床疗效。方法:2003年12月～2006年8月,共收治不同原因所致腰痛患者29例,其中腰椎间盘突出症13例,腰椎不稳8例,椎间盘源性腰痛5例,MED术后复发3例,均采用可扩张管道系统经椎间孔行椎体间植骨融合、单侧椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗。应用视觉模拟评分系统(VAS)评估患者术前、术后疼痛情况,应用Kim方法评价临床效果,应用Schulte方法观察植骨融合情况。结果:1例患者术后出现对侧下肢放射性疼痛,保守治疗无效,再次手术行神经根管减压和内固定后症状缓解。随访21～36个月,平均31.5个月,术前VAS评分为7.7±0.6分,术后3个月时为1.9±0.9分,两者比较有显著性差异(P0.001),术后3个月时Kim优良率为89.7%,末次随访时Kim优良率为96.6%,满意率为96.6%。末次随访时椎间融合率为93.1%,1例可能融合和1例假关节形成。结论:微创单侧椎弓根螺钉固定是治疗腰痛的一种有效方法,但需要严格把握手术适应证。     

Circumferential and posterolateral fusion for lumbar disc disease

Clinical outcome of low back fusion is unpredictable. There are various reports discussing the merits and clinical outcome of these two procedures. The patients were selected from a population of patients who had chronic low back pain unresponsive to conservative treatment. Thirty-six instrumented posterolateral fusions and 35 instrumented circumferential fusions with posterior lumbar interbody fusions were done simultaneously. Preoperative radiographic assessment included plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging scans, and provocative discography in all the patients. Posterolateral fusion or anterior lumbar interbody fusion was done for internal disc disruption. The Oswestry disability index, subjective scoring, and assessment of fusion were done at a minimum followup of 2 years. On subjective scoring assessment there was a satisfactory outcome of 63.9% (23 patients) in the posterolateral fusion group and 82.8% (29 patients) in the posterior lumbar interbody fusion group. On assessment by the Oswestry index no difference was found in outcome between the two groups. The posterolateral fusion group had a 63.9% satisfactory outcome and the posterior lumbar interbody fusion group had an 80% satisfactory outcome using the Oswestry disability index for postoperative assessment. There was 61.1% improvement in working ability in the posterolateral fusion group and 77.1% improvement in the posterior lumbar interbody fusion group which was not statistically significant. The authors consider instrumented circumferential fusion with posterior lumbar interbody fusion better than instrumented posterolateral fusion for managing chronic disabling low back pain.     

ALIF加椎弓根内固定治疗腰椎间盘源性腰痛

目的探讨前路椎体间融合(anterior lumbar interbody fusion,ALIF)加椎弓根内固定治疗腰椎间盘源性腰痛的手术疗效。方法16例腰椎间盘源性下腰痛患者,均行ALIF加后路椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术。比较手术前后腰痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分,同时评估术后腰椎融合率。结果本组均获随访,时间8~28个月。15例术后腰腿痛症状基本消失,1例仍有轻度腰痛。术前平均VAS和ODI评分分别为7.7±1.1和38.7±2.3,术后分别为2.3±0.2和12.6±1.3,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。本组植骨融合率为100%。结论ALIF加椎弓根内固定是治疗腰椎间盘源性下腰痛的有效方法,但需严格掌握手术适应证。     

Vertebral osteolysis after posterior interbody lumbar fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2: a report of five cases.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rh-BMP-2) is frequently used in an off-label fashion. Its application for posterior interbody fusion appears intuitive because its use obviates the need for iliac crest bone graft and shows higher fusion rates than with the use of local autologous bone graft. To date, there is no report of adverse outcomes with such use of rh-BMP-2. PURPOSE: To draw attention to this unusual complication of posterior interbody lumbar fusion and to review the relevant literature. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report of five cases of vertebral osteolysis that developed postoperatively from lumbar transforaminal interbody fusion of the L5/S1 motion segment using cages and rh-BMP-2. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease with discogenic back pain. Five of these 68 patients developed vertebral osteolysis within 4 months from their surgery. Their clinical presentation and radiographic findings are presented in this case series. RESULTS: Each one of these five patients had uneventful surgery and postoperative recovery. Their back and leg pain improved in the immediate postoperative period. However, each patient reported worsening back pain with variable radicular pain as early as 4 weeks and as late as 3 months after the index procedure. Diagnostic workup revealed evidence of vertebral osteolysis typically involving the L5 vertebral body. In all five patients, osteolytic defects filled in spontaneously, and symptoms typically resolved within an additional 3 months of nonoperative care. CONCLUSIONS: Vertebral osteolysis can occur with the use of rh-BMP-2 in posterior lumbar interbody fusions. Violation of the end plate during decortication may be a contributing factor. Symptoms often resolve spontaneously.     

Lumbar interbody fusion with threaded titanium cages. Results on 222 cases

Retrospective analysis of 222 cases of degenerative disc disease treated by threaded cage fusion. The objective was to determine the safety and efficiency of lumbar interbody fusions using screwed titanium cages and autogenous bone. Two hundred twenty-two patients had lumbar fusion at 243 levels between L2 and S1, at one or two disc spaces. Main indication was discogenic back pain with radicular leg radiation in degenerative discopathy complicated by disc protusion, segmental canal stenosis with chronic instability or spondylolysthesis of the first degree. Previous failed surgery after discectomy, nonunion or biologically cured discitis were other indications in selected cases. Results were classified as good to excellent in 80%, 15% improved but remained disabled, 5% had minimal or no improvement. Fusion rate was 91% at one year and 96% at 2 years. Peroperative dural tears occurred in 10 patients and transient neurological deficits in 9. A superficial infection occurred in one patient. Reoperation in the first three months included a cage revision in one patient and a foraminotomy in another. Two osteoporotic women needed an additional posterior fixation for kyphotic deformity. In conclusion, lumbar interbody fusion with threaded titanium cages appears to be efficacious with an acceptable rate of complications. Experience up to 7 years confirms that impression. Long term observation is needed before recommending this new method.     

腰椎后路椎间植骨融合器后移的危险因素

目的探讨腰椎后路椎间植骨融合器后移的危险因素,以有助于完善预防措施。方法回顾性分析2011年1月—2013年5月在本院接受单节段或多节段腰椎后路减压椎弓根钉棒内固定椎间植骨融合术(简称腰椎后路椎间植骨融合术)治疗的238例患者的完整病历及影像学资料,共280个节段,278枚椎间融合器(Cage)。患者年龄42~76岁,平均56.9岁;平均手术节段1.4个(1~4个);随访时间12~24个月,平均20.3个月。根据术后是否出现突然的腰痛和下肢症状决定非手术治疗或行翻修手术。结果本研究组中Cage后移7例,Cage7枚,均发生在L4/L5节段。Cage后移发生在术后1~3个月,平均1.6个月,7例患者均未因Cage后移出现腰痛或下肢症状,所有患者未行翻修手术。结论 Cage后移的危险因素有使用Cage型号过小、Cage无角度、直线型终板、术前椎间隙前后缘高度过大及合并退行性侧凸等。     

Does provocative discography screening of discogenic back pain improve surgical outcome?

The value of preoperative provocative discography in the setting of discogenic low back pain was investigated by evaluating surgical outcomes. Seventy-three consecutive patients who underwent posterolateral interbody and posterior spinal arthrodesis for discogenic low back pain refractory to nonoperative management were reviewed. Chronologically, the first 41 patients (group A) were indicated without discography, whereas the remaining 32 (group B) had been indicated only if their pain had been reproduced during disc injection. The two groups were similar in demographic, psychometric, and radiologic parameters. Average follow-up time in group A was 2.8 years and in group B it was 2.4 years, both with a 2-year minimum. Using modified Oswestry scoring, group A and group B patients had satisfactory outcomes of 75.6% and 81.2%, respectively. This difference was neither statistically significant nor suggestive. In this study, provocative discography screening did not improve surgical outcomes after circumferential fusion for lumbar discogenic back pain.     

前路和后路椎间融合手术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的比较性分析

目的 比较分析椎间盘源性腰痛前路(ALIF)或后路(PLIF)植骨融合内固定术后的临床疗效.方法 2006-05-2009-11收治的53例单节段椎间盘源性下腰痛患者,随机分为ALIF手术组(25例)和PLIF手术组(28例),观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血、并发症发生率、术后临床疗效等的差异.结果 两组患者手术时间、手术并发症发生率无明显差异,但前路手术术中平均出血量和术后腰背部僵硬、酸胀感发生率明显小于PLIF手术组患者(P＜0.01),术前、术后3月、术后1年及术后2年随访时的VAS评分和ODI评分结果两组间比较无明显统计学差异.结论 ALIF或PLIF椎间融合术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛均能取得满意疗效,可以根据患者的具体情况和手术者操作经验合理、个性化选择前路或后路手术.