微钛板固定与传统丝线悬吊固定颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术对术后C_5神经根麻痹及再关门的影响

目的 观察颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中使用微钛板于开门侧固定椎板,对C_5神经根麻痹和椎板再关门的影响。方法 将105例行颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术+微钛板于开门侧固定椎板的患者设为研究组;将89例行颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者设为对照组。比较两组日本骨科学会脊髓功能损害评分(JOA)、术后C_5神经根麻痹情况、颈椎病疗效评分、随访一年的椎板再关门发生率。结果 两组术前、术后1周的JOA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.233,t=1.613,P0.05);研究组术后1月、3月的JOA评分明显大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.693,t=7.880,P0.05)。研究组术后C_5神经根麻痹发生率7.62%(8/105),显著小于对照组术后C_5神经根麻痹发生率17.98%(16/89),差异具有统计学意义(x~2=4.808,P0.05)。研究组颈椎病疗效总分(17.15±6.16)显著低于对照组(20.52±6.31),差异具有统计学意义(t=3.755,P0.05)。研究组和对照组随访一年的椎板再关门发生率分别为0.95%(1/105)、4.49%(4/89),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x~2=2.368,P0.05)。结果 颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中使用微钛板于开门侧固定椎板,可降低术后C_5神经根麻痹的发生率,在不影响椎板再关门的情况下,改善症状,促进临床疗效。     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术后铰链侧C5神经根麻痹与不同椎板开门角度的临床分析

目的评价颈后路单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术中不同椎板开门角度与术后临床疗效、铰链侧C5神经根麻痹以及再关门的关系。方法回顾性分析2006年7月-2009年1月,采用颈后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗的198例脊髓型颈椎病患者临床资料。通过术后CT测量,按照椎板开门变化角度,以30°为界限将患者分为两组:A组76例为椎板开门变化角度>30°者,其中男44例,女32例;B组122例为椎板开门变化角度15～30°者,其中男71例,女51例;两组患者性别、年龄、病程、病变节段等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分法评定手术前后患者神经功能及改善率,并记录术后出现C5神经根麻痹及再关门患者的情况。结果两组患者手术时间、出血量及住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3周内A组7例(9.2%)、B组2例(1.6%)铰链侧发生C5神经根麻痹,均经对症治疗后恢复;两组C5神经根麻痹发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.568,P=0.033)。术后患者均获随访,随访时间24～48个月。术后24个月A、B组JOA改善率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前及术后24个月两组间JOA评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且同一组内术后24个月较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。术后24个月,9例C5神经根麻痹患者患肢上举功能均恢复;CT检查示A组患者无再关门发生,B组患者4例(3.3%)发生再关门,但随访期间症状无反复或加重。结论颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术中不同椎板开门角度临床疗效相似,C5神经根麻痹的预后良好;将椎板开门变化角度控制在15～30°降低了铰链侧C5神经根麻痹的发生率,但应注意开门应固定牢固,防止再关门发生。     

颈椎后路减压术后脊髓后移的临床意义

 目的 探讨颈椎后路全椎板减压和椎管成形术后脊髓后移对多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床 意义。方法 回顾性分析 2004年 6月至 2007年 9月 65例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的病例资料, 男 41例, 女 24例;年龄 39~75岁, 平均 56.3岁。 33例采用颈后路选择性椎板切除术(切除组), 32例采用 颈后路单开门椎管成形术(开门组)。两组患者术前日本矫形骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedics Associa tion, JOA)评分、颈椎曲度指数的差异无统计学意义。术后 1年, 评估两组的脊髓后移距离、神经功能 (JOA评分)改善率、颈椎曲度指数丢失及轴性症状评分。结果 全部病例均获得 26~47个月的随访, 平均 34个月。切除组术后 1年脊髓后移距离(1.4±0.6) mm, 开门组(3.3±1.2) mm,差异有统计学意义;切除组 JOA评分改善率 60.5%±21.3%, 开门组 61.1%±17.9%,差异无统计学意义;切除组颈椎曲度指数丢失 3.3%±1.7%, 开门组 3.1%±2.4%, 差异无统计学意义;切除组 18.2%(6/33)的患者术后有明显轴性症状, 开门组为 33.3%(10/30), 两组轴性症状临床评分的差异有统计学意义。结论 选择性椎板切除术后脊髓后移距离小于单开门椎管成形术。脊髓后移程度与术后功能恢复程度及颈椎曲度无关, 而与轴性症 状有关。     

椎间孔切开在预防椎板成形术后并发C5神经根麻痹中的作用

 目的 探讨椎间孔切开在预防C_4,5颈椎后纵韧带骨化后路单开门椎板成形术并发C₅神经根麻痹中的作用。方法 2008年1月至2012年10月应用锚定法单开门椎板成形术治疗后纵韧带骨化患者155例,男75例,女80例;年龄38~75岁,平均54.5岁。单纯单开门椎板成形术（开门组）90例,单开门椎板成形术同时行C_4,5椎间孔切开（切开组）65例。术后8周、1年评估日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分及改善率,C₅神经根麻痹发生率,C₅神经根麻痹患者神经功能及预后状况;影像学上颈椎曲度指数、开门角度变化、脊髓前缘及后缘向后漂移距离。结果 手术时间90~140 min,平均（110±14） min;术中出血量100~250 ml,平均（160±45） ml。随访时间12~18个月,平均15.4个月。两组术后8周、1年JOA评分及改善率的差异均无统计学意义。开门组术后C5神经根麻痹发生率8.89%（8/90）,切开组4.62%（3/65）,两组差异有统计学意义。C₅神经根麻痹均表现在开门侧。两组颈椎曲度指数术前、术后8周、术后1年及组间比较差异均无统计学意义;术后1年椎板开门角度与术后8周比较差异无统计学意义;脊髓前缘后移距离术后不同时点及组间差异均无统计学意义;术后1年脊髓后缘后移距离与术后8周比较差异无统计学意义。结论 应用单开门椎板成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化同时行C_4,5椎间孔切开可降低术后C₅神经根麻痹的发生率,对术后JOA评分改善率没有明显影响。     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术椎板开门角度对脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响

目的:探讨椎板开门角度对颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术(expansion of open-door laminoplasty)治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响。方法:选取我院2006年7月至2009年1月采用颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得24个月以上随访的脊髓型颈椎病患者198例,男115例,女83例;年龄29～72岁,平均49±5岁。双节段39例(C3～C5 11例,C4～C6 28例);三个节段(C4～C7)97例,四个节段(C3～C7)62例。患者均有术前颈椎正侧位、双斜位和过度屈伸位X线平片和颈椎CT及MRI检查图片;术前JOA评分4～9分,平均6.3±2.9分。按照术后1周CT片上测量的椎板开门角度以30°为界限分为两组,统计两组手术时间、出血量、术后出现并发症病例、C2-C7 Cobb角度、颈椎前凸指数、颈椎活动度和脊髓后移数值,末次随访时评价患者神经功能情况,计算神经功能改善率。结果:开门角度>30°的患者共76例(A组);开门角度15°～30°的患者共122例(B组)。两组术前JOA评分、C2-C7 Cobb角度、颈椎前凸指数及颈椎活动度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。A组手术时间110±13min,出血量250±80ml;B组手术时间120±30min,出血量230±100ml,两组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后A组51例(67.1%)出现轴性症状,8例(10.4%)发生C5神经根麻痹,1例(1.32%)颈椎轻度后凸畸形;B组37例(10.5%)出现轴性症状,3例(2.4%)发生C5神经根麻痹,4例(3.28%)发生关门,A组轴性症状和C5神经根麻痹的发生率高于B组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。术后1个月脊髓后移值为0～7.95mm,平均2.41±0.46mm。末次随访时两组C2-C7 Cobb角度、颈椎前凸指数及颈椎活动度无显著性差异(P>0.05);JOA评分改善率A、B组分别为(72.1±11.7)%和(69.0±12.3)%,两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:不同椎板开门角度术后神经功能改善率无显著性差异;将椎板开门角度控制在15°～30°轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹发生率较低,但应防止发生关门。     

颈后路椎管扩大减压微型钛板固定椎板成形术与传统颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大减压术治疗颈椎病的比较研究

[目的]比较观察研究颈后路椎管扩大减压微型钛板固定椎板成形术与传统颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大减压术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析32例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,按手术方式随机分为2组,其中观察组为微型钛板组16例,对照组为传统单开门组16例,对比分析两组患者手术情况、术后症状改善情况JOA评分,末次随访术后椎板开门角度,术后测量颈椎曲度(颈椎侧位X线片上C2与C7椎体后壁切线之间夹角)的改变,以及轴性症状发生率,观察手术时间、术中出血量对比情况。[结果]经术后6个月²年的随访,微型钛板固定组术后6个月JOA评分改善率为60.5%±17.0%,传统单开门组为58.2%±9.5%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。微型钛板固定组末次随访时椎板开门角度为(42.3±3.5)°,传统单开门组为(39.5±4.1)°,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。微型钛板固定组术后6个月颈椎曲度为(18.5±4.8)°,与术前(18.2±4.8)°比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);传统单开门组术后6个月颈椎曲度为(16.9±5.6)°,与术前(19.5±6.2)°比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);微型钛板固定组术后6个月轴性症状发生率为4/16,明显低于传统单开门组的9/16,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者无1例出现C5神经根麻痹。[结论]颈后路椎管扩大减压微型钛板固定椎板成形术和传统颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大减压术均是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,但颈后路椎管扩大减压微型钛板固定椎板成形术更有效防止单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术后再关门,减少术后轴性症状的发生率和颈椎曲度的丢失,是治疗颈椎病的一种理想手术方式。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后并发C5神经根麻痹的危险因素分析

目的探讨颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形手术后并发C5神经根麻痹的相关因素,为此类并发症的防治提供参考。方法纳入自2011年2月-2017年2月行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的237例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者作为观察对象。将术后出现C5神经根麻痹与否,作为自变量;并将性别、年龄、病程,有无发育性椎管狭窄、椎间孔狭窄、后纵韧带骨化、脊髓内缺血信号,术后开门角度、脊髓后移距离、颈椎曲度指数等相关指标作为因变量。对上述10项因变量进行单因素分析;而后,进一步将所有变量代入Logistic回归模型进行处理。结果 237例CSM患者手术后,29例并发C5神经根麻痹,发生率为12.24%。单因素分析显示,椎间孔狭窄、后纵韧带骨化、术后开门角度和脊髓后移距离、颈椎曲度指数等5项因素有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术后开门角度、脊髓后移距离、颈椎曲度指数均为术后并发C5神经根麻痹的独立影响因素之一。结论脊髓后移距离增加、术后开门角度增大和颈椎曲度指数增加,均是颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后并发C5神经根麻痹的独立危险因素。     

颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定与单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定与单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2018-01诊治的110例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,55例采用单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(观察组),55例采用颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定治疗(对照组)。比较2组术后出现C5神经根麻痹数,比较2组术后3、6、9、12个月JOA评分以及术后12个月伤椎Cobb角、CCI指数。结果 110例均顺利完成手术并获得12个月以上的随访,观察组术后出现C5神经根麻痹数较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),2组术后3、6、9、12个月JOA评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组术后12个月伤椎Cobb角、CCI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈椎后路椎板减压侧块内固定术和单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病均可有效保护神经功能、矫正伤椎Cobb角、促进颈椎曲度恢复,但单开门椎管扩大成形术可有效减少术后C5神经根麻痹的发生。     

颈椎单开门椎板成形术中铰链侧断裂后采用新型棘突悬吊法固定的临床疗效

目的探讨颈椎单开门椎板成形术中铰链侧断裂后采用新型棘突悬吊法固定的临床疗效。方法2016年6月—2019年4月,海军军医大学长征医院采用ARCH钢板并单节段椎板成形术治疗多节段颈椎椎管狭窄症患者,术中发生铰链侧椎板断裂(≤2个节段)30例。早期发生铰链侧椎板断裂的15例患者未行任何处理(对照组),后期的15例患者采用新型棘突悬吊法固定(试验组)。记录并比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量,术前及术后3个月疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、C2~7 Cobb角、颈椎曲度、颈椎活动度(ROM),以及术后并发症(轴性疼痛、感染、C5神经根麻痹、术后6个月椎板未愈合)发生情况。结果所有患者随访10~35个月,平均20个月。对照组手术时间、术中出血量均少于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后3个月VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI、C2~7 Cobb角、颈椎曲度及颈椎ROM均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组术后3个月VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI及颈椎ROM均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后发生轴性疼痛者,对照组7例,试验组1例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月椎板未愈合者,对照组6例,试验组3例,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论颈椎单开门椎板成形术中铰链侧椎板断裂后采用新型棘突悬吊法固定更有利于降低患者术后颈椎功能障碍发生率,保留颈椎ROM,减少轴性疼痛的发生。     

颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术不同椎板固定方法治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：分析颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术不同椎板固定方法治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法：2007年1月~2011年1月采用颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得随访的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者92例,均采用颈椎后路C3～C7单开门椎管扩大成形术,根据椎板固定方式分为两组：A组,采用丝线悬吊椎板,49例,男37例,女12例,年龄58.0±13.6岁,病程11.3±6.7个月;术前JOA评分8.23±1.21分,颈椎曲度18.2°±6.4°,VAS评分4.46±1.64分。B组采用微型钛板固定椎板,43例,男32例,女11例,年龄56.6±14.7岁,病程10.9±8.5个月,术前JOA评分8.12±1.56分,颈椎曲度17.9°±8.3°,VAS评分为4.65±1.12分。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量,随访两组患者神经功能改善情况、颈椎曲度及轴性症状等,并进行比较。结果：两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。A组7例、B组8例出现肩部放射痛,给予脱水剂、物理治疗等治疗1周后消失,两组均未出现C5神经根麻痹。随访24～47个月,平均38个月,术后12个月随访时两组神经功能均明显改善,A组JOA评分为14.57±2.95分、改善率为72.29%,B组JOA评分为14.31±2.86分、改善率为69.48%,两组比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;术后12个月A组颈椎曲度为15.9°±5.7°,B组为18.1°±7.9°,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。术后3个月时A组VAS评分为2.12±1.92分,B组为1.82±0.64,两组比较无显著性差异;12个月时A组VAS评分为1.32±0.88分,B组为0.79±0.53,两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。随访期间两组均无再关门发生,B组无钛板、螺钉松动移位。结论：颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术采用丝线悬吊与微型钛板固定椎板均能有效维持椎管的扩大状态,取得较好临床疗效,但微型钛板可减轻术后远期颈部疼痛不适症状,并有利于颈椎曲度的维持。     

门轴位置对单开门颈椎管成形术效果的影响

目的 评价不同门轴位置对于单开门颈椎管成形术(EOLP)临床治疗效果的影响.方法 2006年2月至2007年2月,102名确诊脊髓型颈椎病并行EOLP手术的患者纳入本次随机对照研究.依据随机数字表法57例纳入研究组,门轴位置为侧块内侧缘,较对侧开门的位置宽,设定为宽开门组;另45例纳入对照组,门轴位于椎板外缘和开门位置对称,该组患者设定为窄开门组.随访24个月,对术后临床和影像学的各项指标进行统计分析.结果 术后24个月随访两组间比较:手术时间、出血量、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分增长率、颈椎前突指数、颈椎活动度差异均无统计学意义;两组患者手术后均获得了满意的神经功能改善,但是轴性症状评分和C5神经根麻痹发生率,窄开门组明显低于宽开门组(均P＜0.05).结论 手术中适当将门轴位置内移既可以保证手术减压的效果,又可以限制脊髓过度后移,有效避免C5神经根麻痹的发生,降低轴性症状的发生程度.     

Influence of hinge position on the effectiveness of open-door expansive laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Objective: To assess the influence of different hinge positions on clinical results of expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).Methods: A total of 102 CSM patients who underwent EOLP from February 2006 to February 2007 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Using a random digits table,57 patients with the hinge located at the inner margin of the lateral mass were classified as wide-open group, while 45 patients with the hinge positioned at the lamina margin served as narrow-open group. All patients were observed over 24 months, and the clinical and radiological results were analyzed statistically.Results: There were no significant differences in operation duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, cervical curvature index, range of motion and neural function recovery rate.The neural functions were satisfactorily improved after surgery in both groups, while the severity of axial symptoms was significantly lower in the narrow-open group than in the wide-open group (P=0.003). The incidence of C5 palsy in the wide-open group was higher than that in the narrowopen group (5.3% vs 0), even though the difference did not reach statistical significance (one tailed Fisher's exact test,P=0.17).Conclusions: Proper inward shift of the hinge can ensure effectiveness of surgical decompression, avoid an excessive backward shift of the spinal cord, decrease the incidence of C5 palsy and alleviate the severity of axial symptoms.     

Open-door laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: good outcome in 12 patients using suture anchor fixation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the classic Hirabayashi procedure, the lamina door is tethered open by sutures between the spinous process and facet capsule or para-vertebral muscle. Our early experiences showed, however, that the loosened sutures result in dislodgement and reclosure of the lifted lamina. We present a modified method to ensure secure fixation and prevent restenosis due to hinge closure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 12 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent unilateral open-door laminoplasty using suture anchor fixation between 2000 and 2004. The sutures were tied and fixed onto the holed lateral mass screws, instead of using the conventional suture technique. We used radiography, MRI, and CT for imaging studies. The Nurick score was used to assess severity of myelopathy, and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used to evaluate clinical outcomes before surgery and at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS: All patients experienced functional improvement of at least 1 Nurick score after surgery. The JOA score for the 12 patients increased significantly from 6.9 (SD 3.0) before surgery to 13 (SD 1.6) at final follow-up. Postoperative radiography and CT showed increased sagittal diameter and canal expansion. Average preoperative and postoperative ranges of motion for the cervical spine were 48 (SD 4.6) and 36 (SD 2.7), respectively. No neurological deterioration due to hinge reclosure and no major surgery-related complications were observed during the follow-up period. INTERPRETATION: Open-door laminoplasty using suture anchor fixation effectively maintains expansion of the spinal canal and resists closure while preserving alignment and flexibility. This modified technique is easy to use, has a low complication rate, and provides marked functional improvement for patients with cervical spondylolytic myelopathy.     

Cervical unilateral open-door laminoplasty with titanium miniplates through newly designed hydroxyapatite spacers

A newly designed hydroxyapatite (HA) spacer for cervical laminoplasty is provided with a hole through which the titanium miniplate is passed. A new method of unilateral open-door laminoplasty with titanium miniscrew and miniplate through this HA spacer is described. Twenty-two patients with cervical stenotic disorders were treated by this procedure. Only the predominantly affected side of the laminae is exposed. The supraspinous and interspinous ligaments and the deep muscle layer in the contralateral side are left intact. A 4-mm wide gutter near the intervertebral joint is made and contralateral hinges are made under the deep muscle layer with minimum detachment of these muscles. The opened lamina is fixed with the titanium miniplate passed through the hole in the newly designed HA spacer. Mean operative time for the 22 operations was 193.5 minutes. Mean enlargement of the minimum spinal canal diameter was 50.9%. Neurological outcomes after 3 months were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring. Mean recovery rate of JOA score by Hirabayashi's method was 49.5%. Only 2 patients reported postoperative axial neck pain. Our method for unilateral open-door laminoplasty provides adequate decompression and tight fixation of laminae, and is less invasive to the posterior supporting elements of cervical spine.     

Clinical application of a new plate fixation system in open-door laminoplasty

The purpose of this retrospective clinical series was to evaluate the benefits and complications of plate fixation for open-door laminoplasty in cervical spondylotic myelopathy with multilevel spinal stenosis compared with open-door laminoplasty without fixation. Forty-nine patients underwent open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy with multilevel spinal stenosis with at least 13 months of follow-up. A plate was used as the sole method of fixation between the lateral mass and lamina with 3 screws. Computed tomography scans obtained pre- and postoperatively were assessed for plate complications and spinal canal enlargement. Pre- and postoperative neurological condition was assessed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) myelopathy score. Overall cervical spine range of motion (ROM) was measured in full flexion and extension radiographs pre- and postoperatively. No restenosis due to door reclosure was noted, and no plates failed. No screws were backed out or broken. Almost all patients showed neurological improvement. The JOA score increased by 3.9±0.7 points in the suture group and 4.3±0.8 points in the plate group (P>.05). The postoperative increase in mean anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal from C3 to C7 was 4.5±0.6 mm in the suture group and 5.1±0.5 mm in the plate group. The greater mean anteroposterior diameter increase in the plate group was statistically significant (P<.01). The mean cervical ROM decreased in the plate and suture groups postoperatively (P<.001). No significant difference was found in mean cervical ROM reduction between the groups (P>.05). No difference in axial symptoms was found between the 2 groups.     

单开门椎管成形术与全椎板减压融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效比较

目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管成形术与全椎板减压侧块螺钉植骨融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法 2006年9月-2009年9月,对143例多节段(≥3个)脊髓型颈椎病患者分别采用颈后路单开门扩大椎管成形术(A组,87例)及全椎板减压侧块螺钉植骨融合内固定术(B组,56例)治疗,两组患者性别、年龄、病程、病变分型、病变节段等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。随访观察并比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后神经功能恢复[采用日本骨科协会(JOA)17分评分法]及手术并发症发生情况,并对两组患者手术前后颈椎曲率指数(cervical curvature index,CCI)、颈椎活动度(range of motion,ROM)及颈肩部疼痛[采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及颈椎功能障碍指数量表(NDI)评分]等指标进行评估。结果两组患者手术时间和术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间18～30个月,平均24个月。A、B组术后分别有4例(4.60%)和5例(8.93%)出现C5神经根麻痹症状,比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.475,P=0.482)。两组术后均无深部感染、假关节形成及螺钉松动需再手术等并发症发生。A组患者术后均无椎板再关门发生;B组患者末次随访时无螺钉脱出、断裂及继发神经损伤等发生。末次随访时A、B组分别有35例(40.23%)和11例(19.64%)有颈部轴性症状,比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.612,P=0.009)。两组患者术前JOA评分、CCI、颈椎ROM及VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);末次随访时两组JOA评分、颈椎ROM、VAS评分及A组CCI均较术前有显著改善(P<0.05)。末次随访时,A、B组间JOA评分及改善率、VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组ROM大于B组,CCI小于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);末次随访时NDI评分,A组在疼痛程度、上举能力、工作、驾车、反应及总分方面均显著优于B组(P<0.05)。结论两种手术方式在术后神经功能改善率上无明显差异,全椎板减压植骨融合内固定术能有效缓解术前疼痛,但颈椎活动度降低较大;单开门椎管成形术并发症较少,近期疗效满意。     

Expansive open-door laminoplasty with titanium miniplate versus sutures

Expansive laminoplasty is an effective treatment for cervical myelopathy. Since the design of classic open-door laminoplasty with the use of suture, the procedure has been modified to reduce complications such as restenosis, axial symptoms, and segmental motor paralysis. Expansive open-door laminoplasty with the use of titanium miniplate is becoming popular. It is effective in expanding spinal canal dimensions with good clinical efficacy. However, a lack of studies exist comparing titanium miniplate fixation with classical suture fixation.We performed a retrospective study of 54 patients with cervical myelopathy. Twenty-nine patients (4 women and 25 men) receiving expansive open-door laminoplasty by titanium miniplate fixation were classified as the modified group, and 25 patients (5 women and 20 men) fixed with suture served as the control group. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were assessed. No significant differences were observed in Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores and the recovery rate of C5 palsy. The incidence of axial symptoms in the modified group was significantly lower than that in control group. Radiologic examination showed that postoperative C2-C7 lordosis and range of motion of the cervical spine in the modified group were preserved. No significant differences were observed in mean anteroposterior diameter and open angle in the 2 groups. Both surgical protocols were effective in preventing reclosure of open laminae. Furthermore, the modified laminoplasty was superior in reducing the incidence of axial symptoms and loss of cervical lordosis and range of motion.     

保留单侧肌肉韧带复合体颈椎椎板成形术近期疗效的比较研究

目的比较颈后路传统单开门（锚定组）和保留单侧肌肉韧带复合体、重建颈伸肌附着点单开门（保留组）椎板成形术的近期疗效。方法2006年11月-2008年11月,82例因脊髓型颈椎病行颈后路椎板成形术,46例行保留法,36例行锚定法,比较术前、术后3个月和12个月脊髓功能JOA评分、颈部VAS疼痛评分、颈椎功能指数（NDI）评分,术前术后颈椎过屈位曲度、过伸位曲度、活动度和中立位曲度,CT观察椎板门轴愈合和保留组棘突-椎板骨愈合情况。结果2组术后脊髓功能JOA评分、疼痛VAS评分、颈椎过屈位曲度、过伸位曲度、活动度均较术前存在显著差异（P=0．00,0．00,0．03,0．00,0．00）。保留组术后3个月、12个月颈部VAS疼痛评分、过屈位曲度、过伸位曲度、活动度优于锚定组（P=0．00,0．03,0．01,0．00）。术中门轴有骨折的节段锚定组术后门轴愈合率优于保留组（P=0．00）,保留组棘突-椎板愈合率和门轴愈合率之间有相关性（SpearmanR=0．254,P：0．00）。结论颈后路保留单侧肌肉韧带复合体椎板成形术可在缓解脊髓症状的同时减轻轴性症状,保留颈椎运动功能,其门轴愈合率低于传统椎板成形术。