直接前入路髓芯减压植骨联合富血小板血浆治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨经直接前入路髓芯减压植骨联合自体富血小板血浆治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-02—2018-07诊治的23例(25髋)早中期股骨头缺血性坏死,经髋关节直接前入路彻底清除股骨头内的坏死骨组织,将自体髂骨颗粒植入坏死区并进行适度打压,最后将自体富血小板血浆注入股骨头减压植骨区。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均14.2(8～25)个月。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分为(1.48±0.35)分,较术前(5.24±1.21)分明显降低;末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分为(86.5±9.1)分,较术前(49.7±8.5)分明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时ARCO分期:ⅡA期10髋,ⅡB期7髋,ⅡC期3髋,ⅢA期3髋,ⅢB期1髋,ⅢC期1髋;2髋由ⅡC期进展为ⅢA期,1髋由ⅢA期进展为ⅢB期,1髋由ⅢA期进展为ⅢC期。结论经髋关节直接前入路髓芯减压植骨联合自体富血小板血浆治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死能有效改善患者髋关节功能,缓解髋部疼痛,通过改善坏死股骨头内血供、促进新生骨组织形成来延缓甚至逆转股骨头缺血性坏死的病理进程。     

微创减压加打压植骨治疗股骨头坏死的临床应用研究

目的:探讨一种简单有效治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的新方法,以保护髋关节,改善临床症状。方法:2003年3月至2008年4月治疗股骨头缺血性坏死患者55例(手术61髋),男37例,女18例;年龄12～55岁,平均39.8岁;病史8个月～16年。采用髋关节部分滑膜切除,股骨头微创减压加打压植骨联合手术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死,从术前、术后X线片的股骨头塌陷程度和髋关节功能Harris评分两方面对疗效进行评价。结果:共治疗股骨头无菌性坏死55例(61髋),随访6个月～5年,平均2.2年。X线片显示未发生塌陷或塌陷无加重的39髋,11髋塌陷加重不超过2mm,9髋塌陷2～4mm,2髋塌陷加重超过4mm。术前Harris评分平均(59.74±11.56)分,术后平均(89.75±9.58)分,术后比术前得分明显提高(t=2.3461,P0.05)。按Harris疗效评价标准:优31髋,良22髋,可6髋,差2髋。结论:采用微创减压加打压植骨治疗股骨头无菌性坏死能够减少股骨头的应力负荷,稳定股骨头的内环境,有利于骨坏死修复,可有效预防股骨头坏死塌陷。适用于FicatⅡ、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死的患者,尤以中青年患者为宜。     

细针多孔道钻孔减压术联合体外冲击波治疗早期股骨头坏死疗效观察

目的:观察细针多孔道钻孔减压联合体外冲击波治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法:采用细针多孔道钻孔减压联合体外冲击波治疗早期股骨头坏死患者20例(28髋)。采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能,X线等影像资料评价股骨头坏死有无进展、分期变化。结果:所有患者均获得随访,随访时间1.5~3.5年,中位数2.5年。所有患者术后髋关节各项Harris评分较术前均有显著改善,疼痛明显减轻,活动范围加大,术前Harris评分(69.79±6.18)分,术后12个月为(88.46±5.42)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。影像学评价:3例(5髋)患者术后病情出现进展,进展率为17.86%。髋关节Harris评分:优11髋,良12髋,可5髋,优良率为82.14%。结论:采用细针多孔道钻孔减压联合冲击波治疗早期股骨头坏死创伤小、费用低,能明显缓解患者疼痛症状,改善关节功能。     

多孔重建钽棒内固定治疗早期股骨头坏死疗效观察与分析

目的探讨多孔金属钽棒在早期股骨头坏死治疗中的应用,评价其临床效果,分析失败病例。方法对17例(23髋)早期股骨头坏死(SteinbergⅠ、Ⅱ期)采用髓芯减压联合多孔重建钽棒内固定治疗,以髋关节Harris评分及影像学进行临床疗效评估。结果本组均获9～39个月随访,平均22个月。切口均一期愈合;3例(4髋)在术后随访期内股骨头坏死进展发生塌陷,其中2例(3髋)行全髋关节置换手术,1例行非手术治疗;末次随访Harris评分优良率78.3%。结论股骨头坏死髓芯减压联合重建钽棒内固定术对早期股骨头坏死(SteinbergⅠ、Ⅱ期)的治疗效果是比较满意的,但对疼痛明显的患者应慎用。     

微创减压打压植骨治疗早中期股骨头坏死

目的观察微创减压刮除病灶后打压植骨治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法自2010年1月至2015年1月,采用透视下微创钻孔减压刮除病灶植入优质自体松质骨并压实,同时活血抗凝治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死,共36例(44髋),男22例(28髋),女14例(16髋);年龄22~58岁,平均36岁。按国际骨循环研究会(the assciation research circulation osseuse,ARCO)骨坏死分期标准分类,Ⅰa 2髋,Ⅰb 8髋,Ⅰc 10髋,Ⅱa 10髋,Ⅱb 4髋,Ⅱc 6髋,Ⅲa 4髋。观察术前及末次随访时Harris评分和股骨头的X线片影像结果。结果本组均获随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均24个月。术前Harris评分(53.10±6.12)分,末次随访时Harris评分(81.10±10.90)分,比术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。影像学显示,多数植骨愈合,关节间隙增宽。结论微创减压刮除病灶后打压植骨治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死有较好的疗效,能有效改善髋关节功能。     

髓芯减压植骨加异体腓骨支撑治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的单中心长期临床疗效研究

背景:股骨头缺血性坏死早期治疗困难,治疗方案缺乏共识,因此探寻一种微创且术后疗效佳的髓芯减压术式,能够有效的改善股骨头坏死患者的生活质量。目的:探讨髓芯减压植骨加异体腓骨移植治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死疗效。方法:采用髓芯减压植骨加异体腓骨移植术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死患者41例(72髋),年龄22~61岁,平均(40.1±6.9)岁,其中Ⅲc期21髋,Ⅲb期1髋,Ⅱc期49髋,Ⅱb期1髋。术后从临床结果和影像学表现综合评价疗效。结果:9人15髋失访,最终32例57髋纳入研究,其中Ⅲc期16髋,Ⅲb期1髋,Ⅱc期39髋,Ⅱb期1髋,患者随访119~232个月,平均(162.8±6.3)个月;末次随访时10例(14髋)功能差,Harris评分(61.3±4.1)分,且已进展到ARCOⅣ期,其中8例(11髋,Ⅲc期4髋、Ⅱc期7髋)因病情进展分别于术后(38.4±7.2)个月及术后(80.4±4.8)个月行全髋关节置换术;Harris评分由术前(71.6±3.2)分提高到术后(91.6±2.8)分(P=0.031),最终纳入研究的患髋末次随访时手术成功率为80.7%,优良率为75.4%。结论:股骨头髓芯减压植骨加异体腓骨移植术治疗早期股骨头缺血坏死,手术损伤小,术后关节功能恢复快,临床疗效佳,是一种值得推广的治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的术式。     

单侧供体吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨单侧供体吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法 2007年6月-2008年1月,采用单侧供体吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死14例。男12例,女2例;年龄17～57岁,平均36.6岁。病因:激素性3例,酒精性4例,特发性7例。Steinberg分期:Ⅱ期16髋,Ⅲ期10髋,Ⅳ期2髋;各期髋关节术前Harris评分分别为(77.50±4.19)、(69.70±2.76)、(59.50±0.50)分。记录手术时间和术中出血量,术后根据X线片表现、Harris评分及并发症情况评价疗效。结果术中切取腓骨时间为10～32 min,平均20 min;手术时间为100～240 min,平均140 min;术中出血量200～500 mL,平均280 mL。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。14例均获随访,随访时间12～40个月,平均24个月。术后1例出现大腿前外侧皮肤麻木和感觉减退,1例足背感觉异常,1例踝关节活动不适,均于术后1年恢复正常。术后1年,X线片示23髋(82.1%)股骨头缺血性坏死改善,5髋(17.9%)稳定;SteinbergⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期髋关节Harris评分分别为(93.90±4.84)、(88.50±8.13)、(78.00±0.00)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 单侧供体吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死具有手术时间短、损伤小、术中出血少,以及术后髋关节功能恢复好等优点。     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗早期成人股骨头坏死

目的 探讨应用髓芯减压+人工可诱导骨基质+自体外周血干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效.方法 2006年1月至2008年7月对12例(16髋)早期股骨头坏死患者髋关节采用髓芯减压+人工可诱导骨基质+自体外周血干细胞移植治疗,其中男9例,女3例;年龄32～55岁,平均39.2岁;股骨头坏死按Ficat分期:Ⅰ期5髋,Ⅱ期8髋,Ⅲ期3髋.术前均有髋关节疼痛、跛行、活动受限等症状.结果 所有患者术后获12～16个月(平均14.3个月)随访,疼痛均消失,行走正常,髋关节活动范围正常或接近正常.术后患者满意度:优4髋,良10髋,可1髋,差1髋,优良率为87.5%.本组患者术后1年疼痛评分、Harris评分、髋关节前屈、外旋、内旋与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 髋关节髓芯减压+人工可诱导骨基质+自体外周血干细胞移植治疗早期股骨头坏死损伤小、操作简单、短期疗效满意.     

体外冲击波与髓芯减压植骨对股骨头坏死治疗的比较研究

背景：有关早期症状性股骨头坏死的理想治疗长期以来一直存在着争议。为此，我们对两组随机患者分别进行了体外冲击波的非侵入性治疗和髓芯减压植骨的手术治疗，并将两种不同干预手段的治疗结果做了比较研究。方法：Ⅰ、Ⅱ或Ⅲ期股骨头坏死患者随机分为两组：冲击波组和髓芯减压联合不带血管的腓骨移植组。冲击波组23例（29髋）；手术组25例（28髋）。两组病例的人口统计学特征、疾病分期和随访时间相似。冲击波组用28kV6000脉冲的冲击波对患髋行一次性治疗，评价参数包括临床上对痛觉的视觉模拟评分、Harris髋关节评分以及日常生活和工作能力评价；影像学评价包括系列X线片和磁共振成像（MRI）观察。结果：两组患者治疗前的疼痛评分和Harris髋关节评分均相似。经过平均25个月的随访，冲击波治疗组，疼痛评分和Harris髋关节评分明显优于治疗前（p〈0．001），患髋79％改善、10％无变化、10％加重；不带血管的腓骨移植手术组，29％改善、36％无变化、36％加重。影像学结果显示：冲击波组治疗前Ⅰ或Ⅱ期的13侧患髋中有5侧病变复原，1例Ⅲ期病未复原，4侧髋（2侧Ⅱ期和2侧Ⅲ期）病变进展；手术组19侧患髋（Ⅰ或Ⅱ期）中有4侧病变复原，15侧病变进展，其余9侧患者病变无变化。结论：体外冲击波对早期股骨头坏死的疗效优于髓芯减压联合不带血管的腓骨移植手术治疗。而这种新的治疗手段对股骨头坏死的远期疗效还有待进一步探索。     

髓芯减压及自体外周血干细胞移植治疗成人早期股骨头坏死的临床观察

目的探讨联合应用髓芯减压、人工可诱导骨基质及自体外周血干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法 2006年1月至2008年7月联合应用髓芯减压、人工可诱导骨基质及自体外周血干细胞移植治疗12例（16髋）早期股骨头坏死患者,男9例,女3例;年龄32～55岁,平均45岁。左侧10例,右侧6例,其中双侧4例。Ficat分期：Ⅰ期5髋,Ⅱ期8髋,Ⅲ期3髋。术前疼痛评分平均为（17.44±5.60）分,Harris髋关节评分平均为（64.2±6.8）分,患者MRI低信号区所占股骨头体积的百分比术前为（39.50±7.33）%。术后及随访期间进行疼痛评分和Harris髋关节评分,对X线片、CT及MR检查结果进行评估。结果全部获得随访,随访时间12～16个月,Harris髋关节术后评分明显升高至平均（90.2±4.6）分。患者疼痛症状显著改善,髋关节屈伸和内外旋转功能明显恢复,MR示术后股骨头坏死区域比术前明显缩小,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。患者满意度评价：优6髋,良8髋,可1髋,差1髋,优良率为87%。结论联合应用髋关节髓芯减压、人工可诱导骨基质及自体外周血干细胞移植治疗早期股骨头坏死,可显著减轻关节疼痛,明显恢复关节功能,延缓病情发展,具有较好的临床疗效。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。