角质形成细胞培养基培养毛乳头细胞的实验研究

目的毛乳头细胞被广泛用于组织工程毛囊和皮肤构建。探讨用含血清的角质形成细胞培养基(keratinocyte medium,KM)和普通培养基(normal medium,NM)培养毛乳头细胞的生物学特性差异,以及KM培养的毛乳头细胞是否可用于组织工程毛囊研究。方法采用两步酶消化法从除皱术时切下的头皮标本中分离培养毛乳头,接种后分别采用KM和NM培养毛乳头细胞并传代。记录毛乳头最早贴壁时间及细胞迁出时间,接种5d时统计毛乳头贴壁率。倒置显微镜下观察两组细胞形态学变化,计数第3代细胞每皿聚集体个数;记录细胞最大传代次数;细胞融合成膜后对消化的细胞膜片行HE染色观察。取第3代细胞行MTT法检测细胞增殖;免疫荧光染色和ALP染色观察α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)和ALP在两组细胞中的表达,并统计ALP蓝色阳性区域面积。结果KM组毛乳头最早贴壁时间及细胞迁出时间分别为24h及64h,早于NM组的48h及80h。5d时KM组及NM组毛乳头贴壁率分别为54.17%及36.78%。NM组细胞体积较KM组大。NM组第3代细胞每皿形成(3.06±1.12)个聚集体,KM组每皿形成(9.25±1.73)个聚集体,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。KM组细胞融合后细胞膜片行HE染色可见细胞呈多层性;NM组细胞不能多层性生长,未行HE染色观察。NM组细胞最多可传7代;KM组最多可传15代。MTT检测显示KM组细胞增殖迅速,7d后KM组吸光度值明显高于NM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫荧光染色显示,两组第3代细胞α-SMA均为阳性。ALP染色显示,NM组第6代细胞中仅少量细胞表达ALP,阳性区域面积为(987±146)μm2;KM组第14代细胞ALP染色仍为阳性,阳性区域面积为(8757±558)μm2;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论毛乳头细胞在含血清的KM中增殖迅速,聚集生长明显,传代次数增多;用含血清KM培养毛乳头细胞用于组织工程毛囊构建是可行的。     

胎儿毛乳头细胞分化为类成骨细胞的实验研究

目的 研究胎儿毛乳头细胞的体外成骨能力，为骨组织工程提供一种新的种子细胞。方法 Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法分离毛乳头，常规成纤维细胞培养液培养毛乳头细胞。第3代和第7代细胞经成骨诱导液诱导培养7d，以免疫荧光、Von Kossa等方法鉴定毛乳头细胞及检测细胞的成骨特性。结果 培养的毛乳头细胞呈聚集性生长，表达平滑肌肌动蛋白和Ⅰ型胶原。经成骨诱导后表达骨桥蛋白，有钙结节形成。结论 毛乳头细胞具有成骨活性，可作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

微囊化人头皮毛乳头细胞移植诱导毛发形成

目的探索微囊化人头皮毛乳头细胞（以下简称毛乳头细胞）对裸鼠背部皮肤毛囊形成的诱导作用。方法胶原酶消化法体外分离、培养毛乳头细胞，再将毛乳头细胞以海藻酸钠-多聚赖氨酸-海藻酸钠（alginate-polylysine—alginate，APA）微囊包裹，以胶原凝胶作为载体，植入裸鼠背部皮下；移植空囊、游离毛乳头细胞各作为对照。观察移植部位毛发生长情况，利用组织学方法观测所形成的毛囊结构。结果微囊化毛乳头细胞皮下移植4周后，裸鼠背部移植区有白色、浓密、分布均匀的毛发长出。局部组织切片见大量发育完整的毛囊结构；而空囊及游离毛乳头细胞移植均未能诱导出上述现象。结论聚集性生长的微囊化毛乳头细胞能够保持诱导皮肤毛囊形成的作用，且这种作用无种属特异性。     

先天性小耳畸形残耳软骨细胞的体外生物学行为的实验研究

目的 探讨先天性小耳畸形残耳软骨细胞体外生长的生物学特性.方法 取先天性小耳畸形患者外耳再造手术中废弃的残耳软骨组织,采用胶原酶消化法获得残耳软骨细胞;体外传代培养及生物学特性研究:细胞形态学观察,细胞生长曲线测定,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化鉴定残耳软骨细胞.RT-PCR检测第1～5代残耳软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原及蛋白多糖的mRNA表达.结果 原代和第1～3代残耳软骨细胞生长旺盛,呈多角形,第3代以后细胞体积变大,呈长梭形转化,细胞增殖逐渐减弱;免疫组化检测第2代残耳软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达呈阳性;RT-PCR显示mRNA水平第1～3代软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原高表达,随传代次数增加表达逐渐减弱,第5代基本消失;第1～3代细胞蛋白多糖呈高表达,第4代以后随传代表达逐渐减弱.结论 体外成功分离培养出残耳软骨细胞,第1～3代细胞形态保持稳定,Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖稳定呈高表达.     

人毛乳头细胞生长相关蛋白作用下细胞VEGF的表达

目的研究人毛乳头生长相关蛋白作用下不同代人毛乳头细胞VEGF的表达。方法通过体外培养低传代的人毛乳头细胞,收集其上清配制成条件培养基,用此条件培养基培养高传代人毛乳头细胞,通过RT-PCR观察各代毛乳头细胞的VEGF变化。结果用低传代人毛乳头细胞的上清液培养过的9代人毛乳头细胞的VEGF表达不仅明显好于对照组(P<0.01),而且明显好于基础培养基作用下的7代人毛乳头细胞的VEGF表达(P<0.01)。结论低传代人毛乳头细胞的培养液在体外能明显地促进VEGF的表达。     

猪毛乳头细胞条件培养基的生物学活性研究

目的:研究猪毛乳头细胞条件培养基的生物学活性。方法:通过体外培养低传代猪毛乳头细胞,收集其基础培养基的上清液配制成条件培养基,用于培养高传代人毛乳头细胞,观察细胞形态及细胞生长曲线的变化;同时观察高传代人毛乳头细胞与低传代猪毛乳头细胞共培养情况。结果:条件培养基使高传代人毛乳头细胞出现了凝集生长现象,其生长曲线显著优于基础培养基培养的高传代人毛乳头细胞(P<0.05),其细胞的3H-TdR测定值亦显著升高(P<0.05)。高传代人毛乳头细胞与低传代猪毛乳头细胞共培养后出现凝集性生长趋势。结论:低传代猪毛乳头细胞在体外培养状态下可分泌具有明确生物学活性的物质。     

膝关节滑膜间质干细胞分离、培养及其多向分化潜能特性的研究

目的 探讨晚期骨关节炎患者膝关节滑膜间质干细胞(synovium-derived mesenchymalstem cells,SMSCs)体外分离、培养的可行性及其在体外向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞定向分化的特性.方法 取膝关节滑膜组织,胶原酶消化获得有核细胞.挑选单细胞克隆,筛选获得SMSCs.流式细胞技术检测细胞表面特异性抗原标志.培养至第三代,分别向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞诱导分化.油红O染色鉴定向脂肪细胞分化;碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色鉴定向成骨细胞分化;甲苯胺蓝染色鉴定向软骨细胞分化.RT-PCR检测脂肪细胞、成骨细胞标志基因.Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色检测软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达.结果 原代SMSCs体外培养呈葵花样细胞集落,传代后可见圆形巨噬样细胞和纺锤形成纤维样细胞,融合后呈成纤维细胞样生长.CD44、CD90呈阳性,CD34、CD71和CD45呈阴性.向脂肪细胞诱导21d,油红O染色阳性;RT-PCR检测有脂蛋白酶、乙二腈及PPARγ2表达;向成骨细胞诱导7、28 d,ALP,茜素红染色阳性,有ALP、Osteopontin及Osteocalcin表达;向软骨细胞诱导21d,甲苯胺蓝染色阳性,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性.结论 晚期骨关节炎患者膝关节滑膜组织可以分离、培养获得SMSCs. SMSCs具有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞发生定向分化的潜能.     

毛乳头细胞培养基血清浓度的探索

目的 研究不同血清浓度的培养基对毛乳头细胞生长速度及细胞状态的影响.方法 改良一步酶消化法分离培养人头皮毛乳头细胞,分别以无血清培养基及10%、15%等不同浓度小牛血清培养基,培养第3代毛乳头细胞,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长状态,细胞消化后,计数并绘制生长曲线.结果 在无血清培养基培养条件下,毛乳头细胞传代后贴壁率较低.贴壁后细胞未见明显增殖;传代后前8 d,15%和20%血清培养基培养的毛乳头细胞生长速度,明显快于无血清培养基组和10%血清培养基组(P<0.05);传代第10天后,15%和20%血清培养基中毛乳头细胞生长速度差异无显著的统计学意义.结论 细胞生长速度与血清浓度密切相关.     

大鼠椎体生长板软骨细胞的改良培养及传代特征

[目的]建立体外培养及鉴定大鼠椎体生长板软骨细胞的方法,观察软骨细胞的传代特征.[方法]采用改良胰酶和Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法对4只1周龄SD大鼠椎体生长板软骨细胞进行体外分离、培养.原代细胞传代后采用细胞HE染色和甲苯胺蓝染色对软骨细胞进行鉴定,采用MTT比色法绘制细胞生长曲线.将细胞传代至第6代,采用倒置相差显微镜观察各代软骨细胞的形态,采用免疫细胞化学染色鉴定各代软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达.[结果]MTT比色法显示,传3代以前的软骨细胞的生长曲线近似"S"形,从第4 d开始细胞呈对数生长,第9 d达平台期,至第11 d开始出现生长抑制.体外培养的软骨细胞随着传代次数的增加,细胞形态由原代的多角形逐渐变为长梭形.传3代以前的软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原免疫细胞化学呈强阳性.[结论]本研究所采用的软骨细胞分离和培养方法,能在短时间内获得高纯度的软骨细胞,传3代及以前的细胞具有软骨细胞的特征性表型,增殖较快,这一方法为更深入地从细胞水平研究椎体的纵向生长奠定了基础.     

人工毛乳头异种移植诱导大鼠足垫毛囊形成

目的观察人头皮毛乳头细胞微囊(人工毛乳头)异种移植诱导大鼠足垫毛囊形成的能力。方法以海藻酸钠-多聚赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(alginate-polylysine-alginate,APA)微囊包裹分离培养的毛乳头细胞;对体外培养1、4周的毛乳头细胞微囊及无APA的微囊对照组行组织学观察;取培养4周的毛乳头细胞微囊移植至大鼠足垫皮下,6周后取材行组织学检查。结果毛乳头细胞微囊体外培养1周后,毛乳头细胞周围出现细胞外基质;4周后,囊中形成“类毛乳头样结构”;人头皮毛乳头细胞微囊移植至大鼠足垫6周后,移植部位及其周围皮下有大量毛囊及皮脂腺结构形成。结论人工毛乳头诱导并参与了无毛区域新生毛囊及皮脂腺的组织构成。     

Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with positive expression of Epstein-Barr virus and PD-L1: A case report

Introduction and importancePulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is classified as a subtype of unclassified carcinoma by the WHO. LELC is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. LELC has often been observed in Southeast Asia; however, it is extremely rare in Japan.Case presentationA 60-year-old Japanese woman presented with an abnormal shadow in the left lung on chest radiography. Chest computed tomography showed a nodule located between the lingular and basal anteromedial segments. A blood test suggested an existing EBV infection, and LELC was suspected preoperatively in the transbronchial lung biopsy. She underwent a lingular and basal bi-segmentectomy. The EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid in-situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) was positive, and she was diagnosed with LELC. Moreover, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was moderately positive. No recurrence was observed for 30 months.Clinical discussionAlthough LELC has been reported as a low-grade malignancy with a good prognosis, the frequency of PD-L1 expression in LELC seems to be higher than that in other NSCLCs. Moreover, it has been reported that LELC patients with high PD-L1 expression are likely to have early recurrence/metastasis and poor prognosis.ConclusionAn investigation of PD-L1 expression for LELC would be useful considering the benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with pulmonary LELC with high PD-L1 expression. The present case is the first report of LELC with positive expression of EBER-ISH and PD-L1 in Japan.     

胰岛素样生长因子对体外培养豚鼠肋软骨细胞的影响

目的：了解胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-1ike growthfactor-1，IGF-1)对体外培养豚鼠肋软骨细胞分裂增殖及功能代谢的影响。方法：体外单层培养豚鼠肋软骨细胞，对照组培养液为无血流清DMEM，实验组在培养液DMEM中加入IGF-1使其终浓度分别为10ng／ml、50ng／ml、100ng／ml，作用6天后，检测细胞DNA含量和培养液中糖醛酸的含量。结果：IGF-1在10～100ng／ml浓度范围能明显增加培养软骨细胞的DNA及糖醛酸的含量，且以50ng／ml作用效果最明显，与对照组相比，有统计擘意义(P＜0．01)。结论：IGF-1对体外培养肋软骨细胞有刺激，并以剂量依赖性方式影响细胞的增殖及功能代谢。     

Meox2Cre-mediated disruption of CSF-1 leads to osteopetrosis and osteocyte defects

CSF-1, a key regulator of mononuclear phagocyte production, is highly expressed in the skeleton by osteoblasts/osteocytes and in a number of nonskeletal tissues such as uterus, kidney and brain. The spontaneous mutant op/op mouse has been the conventional model of CSF-1 deficiency and exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype characterized by osteopetrosis, and defects in hematopoiesis, fertility and neural function. Studies to further delineate the biologic effect of CSF-1 within various tissues have been hampered by the lack of suitable models. To address this issue, we generated CSF-1 floxed/floxed mice and demonstrate that Cre-mediated recombination using Meox2Cre, a Cre line expressed in epiblast during early embryogenesis, results in mice with ubiquitous CSF-1 deficiency (CSF-1KO). Homozygous CSF-1KO mice lacked CSF-1 in all tissues and displayed, in part, a similar phenotype to op/op mice that included: failure of tooth eruption, osteopetrosis, reduced macrophage densities in reproductive and other organs and altered hematopoiesis with decreased marrow cellularity, circulating monocytes and B cell lymphopoiesis. In contrast to op/op mice, CSF-1KO mice showed elevated circulating and splenic T cells. A striking feature in CSF-1KO mice was defective osteocyte maturation, bone mineralization and osteocyte-lacunar system that was associated with reduced dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) expression in osteocytes. CSF-1KO mice also showed a dramatic reduction in osteomacs along the endosteal surface that may have contributed to the hematopoietic and cortical bone defects. Thus, our findings show that ubiquitous CSF-1 gene deletion using a Cre-based system recapitulates the expected osteopetrotic phenotype. Moreover, results point to a novel link between CSF-1 and osteocyte survival/function that is essential for maintaining bone mass and strength during skeletal development.     

Measurement of serum circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary report

Serum circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) was measured in 50 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mean cICAM-1 level in the 50 patients was 2220 ng/ml and 43 patients (86%) had a high level of cICAM-1 — more than 1000 ng/ml. Comparative analysis of cICAM-1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in the HCC patients showed that serum AFP level was negative (<20 ng/ml) in five patients or "questionable positive" (20–90 ng/ml) in ten patients, while the levels of cICAM-1 in these patients were 1810 and 1710 ng/ml, respectively. Seven patients who underwent hepatectomy had tumor recurrences during a follow-up period of 6–18 months. Their serum AFP levels were lower than 200 ng/ml (mean value, 27 ng/ml), but their mean cICAM-1 level was 1956 ng/ml at the time tumor recurrence was diagnosed. We suggest that the measurement of serum cICAM-1 is not only useful for prediction of the progression and prognosis of HCC, but that it may also be an important marker for the early diagnosis of the disease, and for monitoring postoperative recurrence, particularly in patients with low levels of serum AFP. Received for publication on Aug. 24, 1998; accepted on Jan. 4, 1999     

Comprehensive analysis of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) expression and prognostic value in three different types of renal cell carcinoma

BackgroundGlutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) is generally expressed in tissues with high oxygen tension such as the kidneys and lungs, and its main function is to degrade reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cells from oxidative stress. Studies have shown that GPX1 is upregulated in many tumor tissues and is closely related to tumor progression and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the possibility of GPX1 as a biomarker for kidney chromophobe cell carcinoma (KICH), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC).MethodsThe Oncomine and GEPIA databases were used to analyze the GPX1 expression differences between tumor and normal tissues, and the UALCAN, GEPIA and DriverDBv3 databases were used to perform the survival analyses. The GeneMANIA interactive tool was then used to find the GPX1-related protein-protein interaction (PPI). Following this, the LinkedOmics database was used for the enrichment analysis of GPX1, and the Timer database was used to estimate the abundance of immune infiltration. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed on patient specimens collected in the clinic to confirm the database findings.ResultsIn our study, we found that the expression of GPX1 in three types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were upregulated, and the high expression of GXP1 was related to the poor prognosis of patients with KICH and KIRC. On the contrary, KIRP patients with a high expression of GPX1 had a better prognosis. In addition, GPX1 was related to the abundance of immune cell infiltration. The results of the qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression of GPX1 in RCC was increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the expression of GPX1 is related to the prognosis of three types of RCC. As such, GPX1 expression could be a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for RCC and, more importantly, may provide a new direction for therapeutic strategies.