组织工程化异体骨复合BMP和自体骨髓治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨非细胞型组织工程化异体骨复合骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)和自体骨髓植入治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法首先进行股骨头髓芯减压,彻底刮除死骨。将异体松质骨混合bBMP和自体骨髓植入死骨刮除区,部分脱钙冻干异体腓骨植入髓芯减压孔道,直接支撑股骨头病变区软骨下骨。采用该方法治疗64例(78髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间3个月～6年,平均44个月。随访3年以上28例(36髋),其中18例(22髋)FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期病例,患髋无明显疼痛及功能受限,CT显示形成密度较高的新骨,病变范围及程度无发展。4例(6髋)FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期病例,患髋症状无加重,但病变进展了一期。6例(8髋)FicatⅢ期病例,2例无明显疼痛及活动受限,4例因症状无明显改善而行人工关节置换术。结论异体腓骨可提供直接的机械支撑力,阻止股骨头病变发展和塌陷;BMP可诱导骨髓和异体骨以增强其成骨能力。异体骨复合BMP和自体骨髓可作为治疗青壮年FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死的一种选择。     

髓芯减压结合复合人工骨治疗早期股骨头坏死的疗效分析

目的观察单纯髓芯减压和髓芯减压结合复合人工骨植骨治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期疗效。方法对49例(54髋)早期股骨头坏死(FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期)采用单纯髓芯减压(A组,24髋)或髓芯减压结合复合人工骨植骨(B组,30髋)治疗。结果 43例(46髋)获随访7~30个月,A、B组术后Harris评分较术前均明显提高,且B组高于A组(P<0.05)。结论单纯髓芯减压及髓芯减压结合复合人工骨植骨术都是治疗早期股骨头坏死的有效方法,但后者疗效要优于前者。     

髓芯减压自体髂骨打压植骨联合骨形态发生蛋白2治疗早中期股骨头坏死疗效观察

目的:观察髓芯减压自体髂骨打压植骨联合骨形态发生蛋白2治疗早中期股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法:选取股骨头坏死早中期患者38例(52髋),均采用髓芯减压自体髂骨打压植骨联合骨形态发生蛋白2治疗,术后随访9~20个月,中位数12个月。根据手术前后Ficat分期改变及Harris髋关节功能评分评价其疗效。结果:根据Ficat分期法,术前Ⅱ期34髋,术后改变为Ⅰ期33髋,未改变1髋;术前Ⅲ期18髋,术后改变为Ⅱ期10髋,改变为Ⅰ期7髋,未改变1髋。Harris评分:术前(65.74±11.56)分,术后(87.25±12.58)分,手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:髓芯减压自体髂骨打压植骨联合骨形态发生蛋白2治疗早中期股骨头坏死操作简便,近期疗效确切。     

椎间孔镜辅助下髓芯减压病灶刮除并植骨治疗Ficat Ⅱ、Ⅲ期股骨头无菌性坏死的可行性分析

目的总结分析椎间孔镜辅助下髓芯减压坏死病灶刮除并植骨治疗FicatⅡ、Ⅲ期股骨头无菌性坏死的临床可行性。方法自2016-08—2017-08采用椎间孔镜辅助下行髓芯减压坏死病灶刮除并植骨治疗FicatⅡ、Ⅲ期股骨头无菌性坏死共12例12髋。结果 12例均获得随访,随访时间14～26(19.11±3.66)个月。术后12周功能评定采用Harris评分:优7髋,良2髋,可2髋,差1髋。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Harris评分,较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论椎间孔镜下可辨别坏死病灶,能指导铰刀刮除方向、判断减压深度,联合髓芯减压、病灶刮除及自体骨植骨治疗FicatⅡ、Ⅲ期股骨头坏疗效肯定,具备临床应用可行性。     

关节镜辅助下髓芯减压植骨联合介入治疗Ficat Ⅱ期股骨头坏死

目的观察关节镜辅助下髓芯减压植骨术联合介入治疗Ficat Ⅱ期股骨头坏死的疗效。方法笔者自2010-01—2013-12诊治64例股骨头坏死(均为FicatⅡ期),随机分为试验组与对照组,试验组行关节镜辅助下髓芯减压植骨术,对照组以细克氏针经皮行髓芯减压术,2组均联合介入治疗。结果所有患者均获得随访12~40个月,平均28个月。术后12个月对照组有3例出现股骨头塌陷变形。末次随访疗效按Harris评分标准评定:试验组优6例,良22例,可4例,优良率为87.5%;对照组良16例,可12例,差4例,优良率50%。试验组Harris评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(u=-4.271,P=0.001)。结论关节镜辅助下进行髓芯减压能够直视死骨方位,准确刮除病灶,减少正常骨质的损伤,疗效更加优良。     

中心减压自体骨与BMP植入治疗缺血性股骨头坏死

目的:探讨中心减压自体骨与骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)植入治疗缺血性股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法:缺血性股骨头坏死36例41髋,男25例29髋,女11例12髋;年龄31~69岁,平均45·5岁。按Ficat分期0期3髋、Ⅰ期19髋、Ⅱ期13髋、Ⅲ期6髋,行中心减压自体骨与BMP植入术。结果:36例患者均获随访,随访时间2~63个月,平均41个月。以广州中医药大学附属医院提出的疗效标准百分法评价治疗效果,优21例,良8例,可4例,差3例。结论:此术式可有效降低骨内压,改善股骨头血供,植入自体松质骨对关节软骨起到有效支撑防止塌陷的作用。BMP诱发组织修复,加快了股骨头骨质修复的过程,适于Ficat分期0~Ⅱ期的早期患者。     

直接前入路髓芯减压植骨联合富血小板血浆治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨经直接前入路髓芯减压植骨联合自体富血小板血浆治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-02—2018-07诊治的23例(25髋)早中期股骨头缺血性坏死,经髋关节直接前入路彻底清除股骨头内的坏死骨组织,将自体髂骨颗粒植入坏死区并进行适度打压,最后将自体富血小板血浆注入股骨头减压植骨区。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均14.2(8～25)个月。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分为(1.48±0.35)分,较术前(5.24±1.21)分明显降低;末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分为(86.5±9.1)分,较术前(49.7±8.5)分明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时ARCO分期:ⅡA期10髋,ⅡB期7髋,ⅡC期3髋,ⅢA期3髋,ⅢB期1髋,ⅢC期1髋;2髋由ⅡC期进展为ⅢA期,1髋由ⅢA期进展为ⅢB期,1髋由ⅢA期进展为ⅢC期。结论经髋关节直接前入路髓芯减压植骨联合自体富血小板血浆治疗早中期股骨头缺血性坏死能有效改善患者髋关节功能,缓解髋部疼痛,通过改善坏死股骨头内血供、促进新生骨组织形成来延缓甚至逆转股骨头缺血性坏死的病理进程。     

髓芯减压植骨支撑结合空心钉固定治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效观察

目的 探讨髓芯减压、松质骨植骨、异体腓骨支撑、空心加压螺钉固定治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的效果.方法 对162例(223髋)股骨头坏死采用髓芯减压、松质骨植骨、异体腓骨支撑、空心加压螺钉固定术治疗.结果 随访6～24个月,优良率86.1%.Harris评分由术前平均61分增加到术后24个月时的平均85分.结论 髓芯减压、松质...     

髓芯减压植骨术与带肌蒂骨瓣移植术治疗股骨头坏死的效果比较

目的探讨股骨头髓芯减压植骨术与开窗减压带蒂骨瓣移植术治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效比较。方法本院自2004-02—2012-02诊治的非创伤性成人早期股骨头缺血坏死58例(64髋),其中28例(32髋)采用髓芯减压植骨术治疗(A组),30例(32髋)采用开窗减压加带蒂缝匠肌骨瓣移植术治疗(B组)。记录2种手术方法的患者术前、术后一般状况、X线平片、Harris评分。结果本组获随访1~36个月,平均20个月。开窗减压带肌蒂骨瓣移植术术后复发率及远期髋关节活动情况较单纯髓芯减压植骨术效果好。结论开窗减压带蒂骨瓣移植术的临床疗效在股骨头坏死的早中期优于单纯髓芯减压植骨术。     

髓芯减压术与直接前入路病灶清除自体骨移植治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死疗效比较

目的比较单纯髓芯减压术与直接前入路病灶清除联合自体骨移植治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-10—2018-12诊治的42例(52髋)ARCOⅠ、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死,其中观察组18例(23髋)行直接前入路病灶清除联合自体骨移植治疗,对照组24例(29髋)行单纯髓芯减压术治疗。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、保头成功率,以及末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分。结果观察组随访时间为(25.9±12.8)个月,对照组随访时间为(26.8±13.1)个月。观察组手术时间较对照组长,术中出血量较对照组多,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组末次随访时ARCOⅠ期、ARCOⅡ期患者保头成功率、髋关节功能Harris评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论直接前入路病灶清除联合自体骨移植治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死较单纯髓芯减压术可取得更好的临床疗效,能有效缓解患者髋部疼痛症状,改善髋关节功能,延缓股骨头坏死进展。     

髓芯减压植骨术治疗早、中期股骨头缺血性坏死的远期疗效

目的探讨髓芯减压植骨术治疗早、中期股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of the femoral head,ANFH)的远期疗效。方法回顾分析2000年1月-2006年12月采用髓芯减压植骨术治疗的87例(114髋)ANFH患者资料。其中男74例(97髋),女13例(17髋);年龄20～56岁,平均38岁。酒精性54例(62.1%),激素性26例(29.9%),特发性7例(8.0%)。病程3～46个月,平均18个月。Ficat分期:Ⅰ期16髋,Ⅱ期68髋,Ⅲ期30髋。根据手术前后Harris髋关节功能评分变化和Ficat分期改变进行临床评价和影像学评价;以改行人工关节置换术为终点,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果 87例均获随访,随访时间5年～11年10个月,平均8年9个月。患者Harris髋关节功能评分由术前(73.13±7.17)分提高至末次随访时的(81.59±13.23)分,差异有统计学意义(t=—9.318,P=0.000)。总临床成功率为69.3%(79/114),总影像学成功率为54.4%(62/114)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示总生存率为84.2%(96/114),FicatⅢ期生存率60.0%(18/30)显著低于FicatⅠ期100%(16/16)和FicatⅡ期91.2%(62/68),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.520,P=0.218)。结论髓芯减压植骨术是治疗FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期(早期)ANFH的一种安全有效治疗方法,术后远期临床疗效满意;而对FicatⅢ期(中期)患者远期临床疗效差。     

Treatment results in aseptic necrosis of the femur head

Between 1.01.1987 and 31.12.1997, 40 patients (52 hips) were diagnosed with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) and treated in the Emergencies Hospital of Ia?i. ANFH was detected by clinical findings, plain radiographs and computed tomographic scans. We used the classification of Ficat and Arlet and the choice of treatment between core decompression (20 hips), flexion osteotomy (10), rotation osteotomy (4) or total hip arthroplasty (18) was determined by the stage and location of the area of necrosis. Core decompression has been attempted in patients with Ficat stages I and II, trochanteric osteotomy has been used in Ficat stages II and III, and in the most advanced stages of necrosis (Ficat stage III and stage IV) total hip arthroplasty was the procedure of choice. We reviewed the patients at 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The results were evaluated using Merle D'Aubigne score. We noted good and very good results in 75% of our patients which were diagnosed in the early stages of necrosis. We concluded that the earlier diagnostic and the correct indication of treatment (determined by the stage of necrosis) are the premise for the amelioration of the severe prognostic of ANFH.     

Vascularized pedicle bone-grafting for nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head A 5- to 11-year follow-up

We investigated the results of 31 hips in 26 patients with nontraumtic (n = 20) and steroid-induced (n = 6) avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) treated with vascularized iliac pedicle bone graft (PBG). The average age at operation was 38.3 years. Three were women and 23 men. The average follow-up was 8.0 years. The Harris hip score prior to operation and at latest follow-up improved from 62 to 83; one hip collapsed and was revised with a bipolar endoprosthesis. At the final follow-up, 19 hips (63%) were clinically rated as good to excellent, 4 fair, and 7 poor. At the final follow-up, 15 of 27 hips (56%) of stage II before operation showed progressive collapse after bone grafting. In steroid-induced ANFH, in three women, 2 of 4 hips showed poor results. These results are only slightly better than those of core decompression and no better than those obtained after decompression and simple nonvascularized grafts to provide support for the subchondral bone. We concluded that vascularized PBG is sometimes indicated for ANFH in an early stage before collapse of the femoral head.     

Analysis of outcome of avascular necrosis of femoral head treated by core decompression and bone grafting

Background

Femoral head is the most common bone affected by avascular necrosis. Core decompression procedure, when done in the initial stages, before collapse, may arrest or reverse the progress of avascular necrosis and thereby may preserve the normal femoral head. Hence, we have analysed the clinical, functional and radiological outcome of core decompression and bone grafting in patients with Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) upto stage IIB (Ficat & Arlet).

Materials and method

A study was undertaken at our institute from June 2010 to June 2013 wherein 20 patients (28 hips) of ONFH upto grade II B (Ficat & Arlet) were treated with core decompression and the outcomes were studied. Patients were subjected to core decompression of the affected hip. All the patients were operated in lateral position. In 26/28 hips, cancellous grafting was done after harvesting graft from the posterior iliac crest. In 2 patients cortical non-vascularised fibular graft was used.

Results

Functional outcome was assessed by Harris hip score, wherein 19 hips (67.85%) had good or excellent outcome; 1 hip (3.57%) had fair out come. However, 8 hips (28.57%) showed poor result. For stage I, 12/13 hips (92.3%) improved, whereas for Stage IIA, 6/11 hips (54.54%) showed improvement and for stage IIB, only 2/4 hips (50%) showed improvement. Less than 25% of the hips required a replacement or salvage procedure. Strict non weight bearing was complied by 23 hips (82.14%), whereas 5 hips (17.85%) were not compliant. If we exclude non compliant patients, our success rate was 92.3% for grade I, 100% for grade IIA and 50% for grade IIB.

Conclusion

Core decompression and bone grafting provide satisfactory outcome when patients are carefully selected in early stages of the disease, before the stage of collapse.     

髓芯减压复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血坏死

[目的]探讨髓芯减压复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血坏死的临床效果.[方法]自2006年11月～2010年4月,62例93髋股骨头缺血坏死患者接受了髓芯减压复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗,根据ARCO分期标准:Ⅰ期8例14髋;Ⅱ期47例68髋;Ⅲ期7例11髋.术前常规Harris评分,拍摄髋关节正位、蛙式侧位X线片、CT平扫及MRI.从患者髂前上棘抽取骨髓400ml,分离浓缩中间层骨髓间充质干细胞(2.2±0.3)×109L-1,骨坏死区用6mm空心钻行髓芯减压术后,将浓缩细胞悬液注入.[结果]54例71髋获得12个月以上随访,术后4髋改行全髋关节置换术,其余67髋术后Harris评分明显提高(术前平均59.2分,未次随访平均88.3分),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).临床成功率为90.1％,影像学成功率为87.3％.MRI术前冠状位脂肪抑制T2WI序列显示股头颈处骨髓水肿32髋,术后水肿均完全消失,消失时间平均10.2个月.[结论]髓芯减压复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植是治疗ARCO分期Ⅰ～Ⅲ期股骨头缺血坏死安全有效的保头治疗方法.     

Five- to fifteen-year clinical results and the radiographic evaluation of acetabular changes after bipolar hip arthroplasty for femoral head osteonecrosis

We have studied 36 hips in 30 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head who were treated with bipolar hip arthroplasty. Follow-up period was 5 to 15 (average 7.7) years. Five hips were revised. Hips were divided into 2 groups. Sixteen hips with Ficat stage II or III osteonecrosis were assigned into group I, and 15 hips with Ficat stage IV osteonecrosis were assigned into group II. There was no statistical difference between the clinical results of the 2 groups (P = .74). Radiographically, there was minimal migration in group I. There was a statistical significance in superior migration between subgroups with and without osteolysis in group II (P < .01). We emphasize that bipolar hip arthroplasty is indicated for Ficat stage II or III in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.     

Acetabular bone grafting in primary total hip arthroplasty]

A group of 108 hips in 102 patients (81 females and 21 males; average age: 66.9 years) operated at our Centre between 1989 and 1998 was evaluated. There were 76 hips with idiopathic arthritis, 21 hips with rheumatoid arthritis, 2 hips with post-traumatic lesions and 9 cases of dysplastic arthritis of the hip. Cemented total hip arthroplasty was performed in all cases (62 Weller prostheses, 28 Charnley prostheses, 12 Ultima-Straight prostheses and 6 Centrament prostheses). In the presented material three different kinds of bone grafting were performed: "impaction bone grafting" with autogenous cancellous bone grafts in cases of bone cysts and cavitary lesions (57 cases); augmentation of thin sclerotic or protrusive acetabulums with autogenous cancellous bone grafts with or without allogenous cancellous bone grafts (26 and 16 cases respectively); and reconstruction of the roof of the acetabulum with autogenic cortico-cancellous bone grafts 9 cases). In 17% cases autogenous and allogenous bone grafts were used simultaneously and in 83% autogenous bone grafts only were employed. Acetabular bone grafting was necessary to create proper bone substrate for endoprostheses implantation. Evaluation of results was based on criteria proposed by a joint committee of The Hip Society, SICOT and AAOS. A mean of 83.5% points were achieved in the Harris Hip Score. Aseptic loosening was observed in 15 sockets and 9 stems. Bone grafts didn't heal in 25 hips, of which 14 had loose sockets. These results are comparable to those in primary total hip arthroplasties without acetabular bone grafting. The results in the presented paper support the opinion that acetabular bone grafting is a useful tool in reconstructive surgery of the hip and allows to achieve good results in technically difficult acetabuli.     

Multiple drilling compared with standard core decompression for avascular necrosis of the femoral head in sickle cell disease patients

Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common cause of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) in childhood. Advances in medical treatment led to improved life expectancy of such patients. SCD-related ANFH frequently progress to total collapse of the femoral head necessitating hip replacement. However, SCD patient are at more risk of intra- and post-operative complications and suboptimal outcome of total hip arthroplasty. Hence, it is imperative to preserve the femoral head as long as possible.

Patients and methods

Between September 1992 and June 2007, 94 core decompression procedures were done to SCD patients who had modified Ficat stage I, II_A and II_B ANFH. Sixty one patients underwent a classical 8-mm drilling and 33 patients underwent 3.2-mm diameter MD technique. Patients were followed up for minimum of 2 years and were evaluated for clinical and Harris Hip Score improvement and for radiological progression.

Results

All 19 hips that had Ficat stage I had significant reduction of pain and improvement of Harris Hip Score. No patient has required further surgery. Among the 39 hips with Ficat II_A at time of procedure, 80 % of hips which underwent CD and 78 % of MD cases had significant reduction of pain and improvement of HHS. Those patients showed no radiographic progression of the disease. The remaining, 20 % CD and 22 % MD eventually progressed radiologically to grade III or grade IV and had HHS less than 75 at last visit. In the 36 cases with Ficat II_B, 52 % CD and 52.8 % MC had significant reduction of pain and improvement of HHS. The rest showed no improvement in pain and function, and progressed to stage IV; 11 of them underwent THA and one patient refused surgery.

Conclusion

While multiple drilling is safer and less invasive than single coring in SCD, there is no statistically significant difference in outcome or complication rate between both procedures done for ANFH in patients with SCD.     

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with core decompression and human bone morphogenetic protein

A retrospective evaluation was done of 15 patients (17 hips) with symptomatic osteonecrosis of the hip treated with core decompression combined with an allogeneic, antigen-extracted, autolyzed fibula allograft and 50 mg of partially purified human bone morphogenetic protein and noncollagenous proteins. The average duration of clinical followup of the patients was 53 months (range, 26-94 months). The osteonecrotic involvement of the hip was classified by plain radiographs using a modification of the Ficat staging system and MRI evaluations. Fifteen hips were classified as Ficat Stage IIA, one hip (one patient) was classified as Ficat Stage IIB, and one hip (one patient) was classified as Ficat Stage III. Fourteen hips had involvement of 50% or less of the femoral head and 2/3 or less involvement of the weight-bearing surface of the femoral head, based on a magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. The procedures were a clinical success in 14 of 15 hips (93%; 13 patients) with Stage IIA disease. Three of 17 hips (three patients) had radiographic progression (Ficat Stages IIA, IIB, and III) of the femoral head and were converted to total hip replacements. Only one of seven hips (six patients) with 50% or less involvement of the femoral head and between 1/3 and 2/3 of the weightbearing surface of the femoral head developed radiographic progression of the femoral head. There was no radiographic progression in the 3 hips with less than 1/3 involvement of the weightbearing surface of the femoral head. Further evaluation of the potential efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein is required in randomized trials.     

髓芯减压游离腓骨移植治疗ARCOⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死的保髋疗效分析

目的探讨髓芯减压、游离腓骨移植保髋手术治疗中青年ARCOⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-01-2019-12诊治的20例(23髋)中青年ARCOⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死,作股骨粗隆下切口,经股骨颈钻孔到达坏死区进行髓腔减压及死骨清除,于同侧小腿切取带血管蒂腓骨段经隧道植入股骨头;于大腿前外侧另作切口,游离旋股外侧血管降支,将移植腓骨的血管蒂引至该切口并与旋股外侧降支动静脉吻合。结果 19例(22髋)获得随访,随访时间平均5.2(1.5~8.5)年。1例术后切口裂开,1例术后出现第1~3趾僵硬,3例术后出现拇趾僵硬。术后1例疼痛未减轻,1例(双髋)疼痛减轻幅度较小,1例疼痛缓解4年后再次疼痛。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分为(2.1±1.5)分,较术前明显降低;末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分为(86.6±7.2)分,较术前明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时X线片评估结果:2髋改善,16髋稳定,4髋加重;股骨头坏死加重患者的疼痛没有加重,髋关节功能尚好。结论髓芯减压、吻合旋股外侧血管降支、经股骨颈游离腓骨移植联合松质骨植骨是中青年ARCOⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死的有效保髋手术治疗方法,而且技术路线与手术操作相对简单。