高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者术后VAS及ODI评分的影响

目的探讨高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者术后VAS及ODI评分的影响。方法选取2017-02—2019-03间遂平县仁安医院行经皮椎体成形术的64例OVCF患者,随机将其分为2组,每组32例。对照组术中应用低黏度骨水泥,观察组术中注入高黏度骨水泥。比较分析不同黏度骨水泥的临床效果。结果(1)观察组术后第1天的骨水泥渗漏率及术后3个月的VAS、ODI评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用高黏度骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术治疗OVCF,骨水泥渗漏率低,有利于缓解患者术后疼痛和改善脊柱功能。     

不同黏度骨水泥椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 比较采用高黏度骨水泥和低黏度骨水泥椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效差异.方法 回顾性分析2013年9月至2014年11月我科治疗的83例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折病人的病例资料.根据手术所用不同黏度骨水泥分组:采用低黏度骨水泥椎体成形术治疗的病人43例(低黏度组);采用高黏度骨水泥椎体成形术治疗的病人40例(高黏度组).记录单个椎体手术时间、骨水泥渗漏发生率,术后并发症发生率.采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)对两组进行术前及术后1 d、术后3个月疼痛及功能进行评价.通过X线检查对术前、术后椎体各部进行测量,统计椎体高度变化.结果 83例病人术后均得到3个月随访.两组术前VAS评分和骨折压缩率上无差异.高黏度组的手术时间较低黏度组明显缩短(t=22.32,P=0.000).术后1 d、术后3个月,两组组内VAS评分、ODI较术前明显降低(均P=0.000),但术后组间比较无明显差异(均P>0.05).高黏度组骨水泥渗漏率较低黏度组低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0494).椎体成形术后高黏度组椎体高度恢复优于低黏度组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 椎体成形术中使用不同类型的骨水泥均能有效地缓解病人疼痛,改善生活质量.与低黏度骨水泥相比,高黏度骨水泥有着较低的骨水泥渗漏率,同时缩短了手术时间和降低了术中放射性的暴露.     

高黏度骨水泥椎体成形术与低黏度骨水泥椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折疗效分析

[目的]比较高黏度骨水泥椎体成形术与低黏度骨水泥椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的疗效和并发症。[方法]收集本院骨科2011年1月~2014年1月使用高黏度骨水泥椎体成形术和使用低黏度骨水泥椎体后凸成形术治疗的骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者110例,进行回顾性研究。将患者化分为A组(高黏度骨水泥椎体成形术组42例)和B组(低黏度骨水泥椎体后凸成形术组68例)。术前统计两组患者性别比、年龄、VAS评分及骨密度值(-T值)。采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)进行疼痛评分,观察并比较两组患者的住院花费、透视时间、骨水泥用量、术后VAS评分、椎体复位高度、骨水泥静脉渗漏、椎旁渗透率、邻近椎体骨折、其他并发症等发生情况。[结果]术后随访时间为3~36个月。术前患者的年龄、性别、术前VAS评分等基本临床资料在两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组手术透视时间、骨水泥用量、住院花费均少于B组(P0.05);A组患者术后24h VAS评分低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后3 d VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者经俯卧位并手法复位及术后椎体高度均有明显恢复,但两者之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组发生椎体周围骨水泥静脉丛渗漏3例(7.1%),椎旁骨水泥渗漏7例(16.7%),发生邻近椎体再骨折4例(9.5%),应激性胃溃疡1例(2.4%);急性脑梗塞1例;B组发生椎体周围骨水泥静脉丛渗漏6例(8.8%),椎旁骨水泥渗漏8例(11.7%),其中B组出现1例骨水泥肺栓塞,导致严重后果,应激性胃溃疡2例(2.9%),冠心病急性发作1例,脑脊液漏1例。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术前、术后24 h VAS评分差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]高黏度骨水泥椎体成形术与低黏度骨水泥椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折具有相似的治疗效果及并发症发生率,但前者在治疗花费及透视时间方面占明显优势。     

高黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效

目的观察经皮椎体成形术(PVP)中使用高黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效及并发症。方法对60例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者(98个椎体)采用高黏度骨水泥PVP治疗。观察手术前后腰痛VAS评分、脊椎功能障碍指数(ODI)、骨水泥渗漏及邻近椎体骨折等并发症发生率。结果 60例均获得随访,时间3~6(4.2±1.4)年。VAS评分由术前6~10(8.4±1.2)分降低到末次随访时0~3(0.7±0.8)分(P0.001);ODI由术前45%~91%(63.7%±15.9%)降低到末次随访时2%~31%(8.4%±6.6%)(P0.001)。共8个椎体(8.2%)发生骨水泥静脉渗漏,6个椎体(6.1%)发生椎间盘渗漏,8个椎体(8.2%)发生椎旁渗漏,2例(3.3%)发生邻近椎体骨折。结论采用高黏度骨水泥行PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可获得满意的临床疗效,骨水泥渗漏率及邻近椎体骨折发生率均较低。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术中骨水泥渗漏的原因及预防

[目的]分析和探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折骨水泥渗漏的原因及其预防措施。[方法]收集从2009年10月²012年10月行经皮穿刺椎体成形术的患者289例(451个椎体)患者,术后行X线及CT检查,观察骨水泥渗漏情况,将所有患者分为A组(渗漏组)43例和B组(对照组)246例,根据VAS评分对患者术前、术后第1 d、术后第3 d及终末随访进行评分。同时根据渗漏部位的不同,进行上述评分。[结果]本研究中有43例(48个椎体)发生了骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率为11%。其中椎间隙渗漏17例,椎体周围渗漏14例,椎管内渗漏1例,椎体前缘静脉渗漏3例,针道通路渗漏8例。术后有3例局部出现酸胀不适,予中药涂擦及烫熨治疗处理后症状明显改善,余患者均无临床症状。术前、术后第3 d及终末随访两组间的VAS评分无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后第1 d VAS评分在两组间有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同时间VAS评分在不同渗漏部位间对比,均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折效果明显,骨水泥渗漏时有发生,术前常规行影像检查充分了解病椎情况,术中严格把握穿刺方法及注入时机,准确掌握骨水泥量,可以减少骨水泥渗漏的发生。     

高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折的临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术两种疗法治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。[方法]将63例老年骨质疏松性单一椎体压缩骨折患者随机分为两组,分别采用PKP和高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗,记录两组患者术前术后VAS评分、椎体高度以及两种手术方式的骨水泥注入量、手术出血量、手术时间和骨水泥渗漏发生率,对所得结果进行统计学分析。[结果](1)两组患者手术前后VAS评分改善值、平均骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏发生率比较差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术组的手术出血量、手术时间少于PKP组且有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)PKP组术后椎体高度恢复优于高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术组且有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)术后影像学资料比较,PKP组患者骨水泥分布集中,密度较高;高黏度骨水泥组患者骨水泥呈弥散状分布,密度相对较低。[结论]高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术与PKP治疗老年性椎体压缩骨折均能有效缓解疼痛且效果相当,两者渗漏率无明显差别;PKP在椎体高度恢复方面具有优势,而高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术的手术时间较短,出血量较少。     

高黏度骨水泥用于重度骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折治疗

目的分析采用高黏度骨水泥及其椎体成形手术系统治疗重度骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2012年6月至2013年6月采用高黏度骨水泥及其椎体成形手术系统治疗的12例重度骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者临床资料,手术前后采用目测类比评分评估腰背部疼痛、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评分评估腰背部功能、SF-36健康调查评分表评估生活质量、Frankel评分评估神经功能,影像学测量伤椎椎体高度百分比、伤椎后凸角度等参数,同时观察骨水泥渗漏、肺栓塞、邻近椎体骨折等并发症发生情况。结果 12例患者均顺利完成手术。随访12个月以上,期间均未发现临近椎体新发骨折及神经功能恶化。单节椎体骨水泥填充量3.0~5.0 m L,平均4.2 m L。所有患者疼痛症状均得到明显缓解,视觉模拟疼痛评分明显降低,ODI评分明显降低,SF-36评分明显改善,伤椎椎体前缘高度百分比及伤椎椎体中部高度百分比明显改善,后凸畸形角度明显改善,以上所有指标手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3d、术后3个月及术后1年比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。本组共3例出现不同程度的骨水泥渗漏,骨水泥渗漏率为25%,但均无特殊不适及神经症状。结论使用高黏度骨水泥及其椎体成形系统对重度骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折行椎体成形术治疗在技术上是可行的,可以达到满意的临床效果,可显著减少术后骨水泥渗漏并发症的发生。     

两种骨水泥治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的比较

目的比较应用高黏度骨水泥的经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)与应用普通(低黏度)骨水泥的经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)在治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果及并发症。方法 2014年6月至2015年6月青岛大学医学院附属烟台毓璜顶医院脊柱骨科收治的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,采用完全随机化方法将实验对象按入院先后顺序分为高黏度组和低黏度组,分别行PVP手术及PKP手术。各组均于术前及术后3 d、1个月、6个月摄腰椎正侧位片。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏数、骨水泥渗漏率,计算并比较各观察时间点的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评分。结果高黏度组手术时间为18.3~30.6 min,平均为(25.3±3.8)min;低黏度组手术时间为27.9~44.3 min,平均为(36.8±4.2)min,两组手术时间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高黏度组骨水泥注入量3.8~5.5 m L,平均(4.2±0.3)m L;低黏度组骨水泥注入量3.7~5.9 m L,平均(4.3±0.5)m L,两组手术骨水泥注入量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。高黏度组发生骨水泥渗漏2例,均为椎旁软组织内渗漏,渗漏率7.14%;低黏度组发生骨水泥渗漏3例,1例为椎旁软组织内渗漏,2例为椎间盘内渗漏,渗漏率为10.71%,两组手术骨水泥的渗漏率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术前及术后各观察时间点的VAS评分及ODI指数评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用高黏度骨水泥的PVP与应用低黏度骨水泥的PKP在治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折方面具有相似的临床治疗效果,但应用高黏度骨水泥的PVP能显著缩短手术时间。在骨水泥的渗漏方面,高黏度骨水泥能显著降低骨水泥的渗漏率,具有更好的临床安全性。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体肿瘤的临床研究

目的 评估经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体肿瘤的有效性及安全性.方法 2005年4月～2007年3月,使用经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体肿瘤患者20例,分别于术前、术后1周及术后1年使用VAS及SF-36评分系统对患者的疼痛程度及生活质量进行评估.统计学分析方法采用Oneway ANOVA(P＜0.05).结果 20例手术均成功完成,6例术后片可见椎旁静脉骨水泥栓塞,1例可见肺部少量骨水泥栓塞,但均无明显相关症状.术后1周及术后1年的VAS及SF-36评分较术前评分明显改善,统计学上有显著性差异(P＜0.001);术后1年评分较术后1周评分统计学上无显著性差异(P＞0.495).结论 经皮椎体成形术可有效缓解患者疼痛,改善患者生活质量.骨水泥渗漏常见,但有临床症状者极少.     

高黏度与低黏度骨水泥应用于经皮椎体后凸成形术的疗效比较

目的比较高黏度与低黏度骨水泥在经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)中应用的临床疗效。方法对60例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者行PKP治疗。采用随机抽签法分为对照组和实验组,每组30例,对照组使用低黏度骨水泥,实验组使用高黏度骨水泥。比较两组患者疼痛VAS评分、ODI、生活质量SF-36评分、伤椎高度恢复及骨水泥渗漏率、术后骨水泥肺栓塞发生率情况。结果术后实验组:VAS评分1.7分±0.8分,ODI 22.6分±3.6分,SF-36评分85.5分±12.1分,Cobb角15.2°±2.1°,椎体高度19.9 mm±0.9 mm;术后对照组:VAS评分2.6分±1.3分,ODI 28.3分±4.5分,SF-36评分70.3分±11.2分,Cobb角19.7°±2.4°,椎体高度18.5 mm±0.6 mm;以上各项两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组骨水泥渗漏及术后近期肺栓塞发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在PKP治疗椎体压缩性骨折中,采用高黏度骨水泥临床疗效好,并发症少。     

The effect of cement gun and cement syringe use on the tibial cement mantle in total knee arthroplasty

Evidence suggests that a thicker cement mantle improves fixation strength and resistance to tensile and shear forces in the tibial component of total knee arthroplasty. A low proportion of orthopaedic surgeons currently use techniques to improve cement penetration in the tibial plateau. We demonstrate that the use of a pressurized cement gun or cement syringe provides a highly statistically significant difference (P < .001) to the depth of the tibial cement mantle and reduction in radiolucent lines when compared to cement applied by hand. This ensures a thicker cement mantle and may reduce the possibility of early failure by improving the strength of fixation and the resistance to tensile and shear forces. There is no statistical difference in the cement mantle produced by the cement syringe and the cement gun.     

PKP术中应用低温间断灌注技术治疗周壁破裂型OVCF

目的通过与温度梯度灌注技术进行比较,探讨低温间断灌注技术在经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体周壁破裂型骨质疏松性骨折中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2015年1月至2018年12月期间共60例周壁破损型骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,均为单椎体骨折,根据骨水泥灌注方法的不同分为温度梯度灌注组30例和低温间断灌注组30例。温度梯度灌注组男6例,女24例;平均年龄为(71.9±6.9)岁;低温间断灌注组男8例,女22例;平均年龄(69.7±7.2)岁。比较两组术前、术后2 d及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI),椎体后凸角,伤椎椎体前缘相对高度,手术时间,骨水泥注射量,骨水泥分布面积比,骨水泥可推注时间(从开始推注到所有骨水泥至团块期晚期不可推注的时间),骨水泥渗漏率。结果温度梯度灌注组术后随访时间平均(15.3±8.4)个月;低温间断灌注组术后随访时间平均(18.6±8.2)个月,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组内术后2 d和末次随访时VAS评分、ODI评分较术前差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组内末次随访时与术后2d相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2 d和末次随访时,两组组间的VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余时间点VAS评分和ODI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前后及末次随访时,两组组间的伤椎前缘相对高度和伤椎椎体后凸角比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中低温间断灌注组的骨水泥可推注时间(12.1±1.0)min,显著长于温度梯度灌注组(5.3±1.1)min(P<0.05)。低温间断灌注组的骨水泥灌注量(3.9±0.79)mL,骨水泥分布面积比(0.46±0.10),均优于温度梯度灌注组(3.20±0.67)mL和(0.31±0.07),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低温间断灌注组有2例患者发生骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率6.7%,显著低于温度梯度灌注组的骨水泥渗漏率26.7%(P<0.05)。结论低温间断灌注技术可以有效延长骨水泥可推注时间,有利于提高骨水泥在椎体内的注射量和分布面积,降低骨水泥渗漏率的同时可获得更好的临床疗效。     

Factors affecting flexural strength in cement within cement revisions

Cement within cement revisions provide substantial benefits for conventional revision yet remains uncommon possibly because of the perceived weakness of the cement-cement interface. This study investigated the flexural strength of beams composed of 2 different cements, exploring the factors of pore size, fracture location, viscosity, and the surface roughness of the interface. We found no significant difference when comparing combinations of different cements (P = .30), varying pore sizes (P = .13), or surface roughness (P = .39). Differences in fracture locations and viscosity combinations approached statistical significance (P = .08 and .05, respectively). Our findings suggest strong bonding between cements at the interface, with other factors being more important causes of weakness. Thus, we recommend that the strength of the cement-cement interface should not be a factor when considering such revisions.     

Characterization of Bone Cements

Thirty-seven patients with fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine treated with Harrington instrumentation were reviewed. Twenty-seven patients with a follow-up time of more than 2 years were summoned for a clinical and radiographic examination. This report presents the results related to reduction, stabilization, return of neural function, spinal posture and mobility, and residual disability. It is concluded that Harrington instrumentation can be performed without a substantial number of complications. Its major advantages are early mobilization and ambulation. The operative technique is discussed with special reference to the preservation of the normal configuration of the back. The value of computerized tomography in the preoperative assessment is stressed.     

椎体成形术中骨水泥弥散分布等级的量效关系

目的 提出椎体成形术骨水泥弥散等级分级理论,对不同等级下的止痛效果、腰椎功能进行评价.方法 收集椎体成形术患者57例,根据正侧位X线片简便判断出骨水泥分布等级并进行分组,对术前、术后1周、术后3个月各组间止痛效果、腰椎功能障碍指数进行比较.结果 57例获得平均7个月的随访.57例中14例出现椎体周围骨水泥外渗的情况,未出现神经症状或原有症状加重,每个椎体内注入骨水泥量1.5～5.0(2.6±1.1)ml,57例根据骨水泥弥散等级分为3组,VAS、ODI评分各组内术后与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后1周、3个月的组间VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但在术后1周1级组与3级组ODI评分差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);而3个月后各组间ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经皮椎体成形术(PVP)各级骨水泥弥散等级均可有效缓解椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,疼痛缓解程度与骨水泥弥散程度不成比例关系;但在椎体成形术后早期骨水泥弥散等级对脊柱功能障碍指数影响存在统计学意义,认为该分级方法对PVP术后早期脊柱功能评价存在临床指导意义.     

Antibiotic-free antimicrobial poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cements: A state-of-the-art review

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication following total joint arthroplasty, this being because it is associated with, among other things, high morbidity and low quality of life, is difficult to prevent, and is very challenging to treat/manage. The many shortcomings of antibiotic-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement (ALBC) as an agent for preventing and treating/ managing PJI are well-known. One is that microorganisms responsible for most PJI cases, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, have developed or are developing resistance to gentamicin sulfate, which is the antibiotic in the vast majority of approved ALBC brands. This has led to many research efforts to develop cements that do not contain gentamicin (or, for that matter, any antibiotic) but demonstrate excellent antimicrobial efficacy. There is a sizeable body of literature on these so-called “antibiotic-free antimicrobial” PMMA bone cements (AFAMBCs). The present work is a comprehensive and critical review of this body. In addition to summaries of key trends in results of characterization studies of AFAMBCs, the attractive features and shortcomings of the literature are highlighted. Shortcomings provide motivation for future work, with some ideas being formulation of a new generation of AFAMBCs by, example, adding a nanostructured material and/or an extract from a natural product to the powder and/or liquid of the basis cement, respectively.     

Clinical investigations of polymethylmethacrylate cement viscosity during vertebroplasty and related in vitro measurements

Percutaneous vertebroplasty, comprising an injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into vertebral bodies, is a practical procedure for the stabilization of osteoporotic compression fractures as well as other weakening lesions. Cement leakage is considered to be one of the major and most severe complications during percutaneous vertebroplasty. The viscosity of the material plays a key role in this context. In order to enhance the safety for the patient, a rheometer system was developed to measure the cement viscosity intraoperatively. For this development, it is of great importance to know the proper viscosity to start the procedure determined by experienced surgeons and the relation between the time period when different injection devices are used and the cement viscosity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the viscosity ranges for different injection systems during conventional vertebroplasty. Clinically observed viscosity values and related time periods showed high scattering. In order to get a better understanding of the clinical observations, cement viscosity during hardening at different ambient temperatures and by simulation of the body temperature was investigated in vitro. It could be concluded, that the direct viscosity assessment with a rheometer during vertebroplasty can help clinicians to define a lower threshold viscosity and thereby decrease the risk of leakage and make adjustments to their injection technique in real time. Secondly, the acceleration in hardening of PMMA-based cements at body temperature can be useful in minimizing leakages by addressing them with a short injection break.     

A reduced-modulus acrylic bone cement: preliminary results

Excessive local contact stress is implicated as an important factor in the initiation of the loosening process after total joint arthroplasties. A reduced-modulus acrylic bone cement, which decreases the bone-cement interface stresses, was developed to test this hypothesis. The formulation consists of butylmethacrylate beads, having a glass transition temperature of 27 degrees C, in a methylmethacrylate matrix. This cement, polybutylmethylmethacrylate (PBMMA), has an elastic modulus one-eighth that of standard PMMA bone cement, 0.27 vs. 2.1 GPa, at body temperature. In vivo use in a pilot study using the sheep total hip arthroplasty model shows a reduction in the rate of loosening of femoral components when compared both radiographically and mechanically with PMMA controls.