术前三维肛管直肠腔内超声检查对肛瘘的应用价值

目的：探讨三维肛管直肠腔内超声（3D-EAUS）检查在肛瘘术前评估中的应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入2012年3月至2013年3月第二炮兵总医院结直肠肛门外科连续收治的诊断明确、拟行手术的100例肛瘘患者,采用计算机产生随机号的方法随机分为超声组和对照组,每组各50例。超声组术前采用3D-EAUS检查,对照组术前常规检查、采用指诊或探针探查,比较两组肛瘘内口定位、肛瘘分型及是否存在分支瘘管的准确率。结果与对照组比较,超声组的内口定位准确率较高,超声组和对照组分别为96．0％（48／50）和82．0％（41／50）（P＝0．02）。超声组与对照组对复杂性肛瘘的诊断分别为96．7％（29／30）比74．1％（20／27）（P＝0．021）;对肛瘘分型的诊断分别为96．0％（48／50）比78％（39／50）（P＝0．01）;对是否存在分支瘘管的诊断分别为94．0％（47／50）比84．0％（42／50）（P＝0．025）。但对于简单性肛瘘,两组内口定位准确率相当[95．0％（19／20）比91．3％（21／23）, P＝1．000]。结论三维肛管直肠腔内超声在内口定位、瘘管分型及分支瘘管的诊断方面具有较高的应用价值,尤其对复杂性肛瘘患者,值得在临床推广。     

术前三维肛管直肠腔内超声检查对肛瘘手术的疗效分析

目的 探讨术前三维肛管直肠腔内超声(3D-AREUS)检查对肛瘘手术疗效的影响.方法 前瞻性纳入2017年12月至2018年12月期间朝阳市中心医院结直肠肛门外科连续收治的诊断明确且拟行手术的100例肛瘘患者,采用计算机产生随机号的方法随机分为超声组和对照组,每组50例.超声组术前采用3D-AREUS检查,对照组术前常...     

三维肛管直肠腔内超声对耻骨直肠肌综合征的诊断价值

探讨通过三维肛管直肠腔内超声及直肠排粪造影检查评价三维肛管直肠腔内超声对耻骨直肠肌综合征的临床诊断价值。对200例耻骨直肠肌综合征患者进行三维肛管直肠腔内超声与直肠排粪造影检查,对两种检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果表明,肛肠三维肛管直肠腔内超声检查能准确地诊断耻骨直肠肌综合征,为临床提供客观可靠的依据。     

肛管腔内三维超声联合瘘管造影对肛瘘的诊断价值

探讨肛管腔内三维超声联合H2O2瘘管造影对肛瘘患者的诊断价值。60例肛瘘住院手术患者,术前均行肛管腔内三维超声及H2O2瘘管造影检查,以手术结果为准,对照分析两者在肛瘘分类、分型及内口位置的诊断准确率。术后随访1年,记录治愈率及复发情况。结果显示,H2O2瘘管造影对肛瘘临床分类及肛瘘内口判断的诊断准确率高于肛管腔内三维超声(P<0.05);两者对肛瘘Parks分型诊断的准确率均较高(P>0.05)。60例患者均治愈,术后随访1年,2例复发。结果表明,肛管腔内三维超声联合H2O2瘘管造影检查能够对肛瘘进行准确的分型、分类,并进一步提高肛瘘内口定位的准确率,具有较高的诊断价值。     

三维肛管直肠腔内超声诊断肛瘘40例

目的:探讨三维肛管直肠腔内超声在肛瘘诊断中的价值.方法:对40例肛瘘患者行三维肛管直肠腔内超声检查,观察肛瘘内口位置、瘘管主管及支管走行等情况,并与术中探查情况进行对比.结果:40例中肛瘘内口定位正确38例(95%),肛瘘主管定位正确39例(98%),支管定位正确11例(85%).结论:三维肛管直肠腔内超声对肛瘘的诊断具有重要作用,是具有较高应用价值的影像检查手段.     

三维肛管直肠超声在肛管直肠疾病中的应用

肛管直肠超声可用来诊断多种肛管直肠良、恶性疾病。近几年来．该技术取得了长足进步．其应用360度旋转高频（6．16MHZ）探头（焦距2．8～6．2cm）,无需转动探头便可获得高清晰的肛管直肠三维结构图。位于探头远端的换能晶片向近端边旋转边移动,持续55S．可获得长约6cm的图像。这个图像是将连续的0．2mm层厚轴向切面通过容积再现技术合成的高清晰的三维数字立体图像。其拥有多个视角（同时4～6个视野）．可同时观察多个解剖平面．进行低亮度、高对比度调整,可形成半透明暗腔。     

360°直肠腔内超声检查在肛瘘的应用研究——直肠肛管横断面解剖对肛瘘诊疗的指导

目的探讨360°直肠腔内超声检查在肛瘘诊疗中的应用价值。方法 200例拟手术治疗的肛瘘患者随机进行两种直肠腔内超声检查,其中103例使用360°旋转探头(旋转组),97例应用端扫式凸阵探头(端扫组),临床医师参考超声报告设计手术方案进行手术,分析两种检查方法的结果。结果两组在诊断肛瘘的灵敏度上差异无统计学意义,对指导临床医师诊断肛瘘及手术的帮助作用存在差异,有统计学意义。结论 360°旋转探头与端扫式腔内探头在肛瘘的诊断灵敏度均较高,但是360°旋转探头超声能更准确的指导临床医师制定手术方案,提高手术成功率。     

肛管直肠内超声在复杂肛瘘诊断中的价值（附45例报告）

目的探讨肛管直肠内超声在复杂肛瘘的临床应用价值。方法对45例复杂性多分支肛瘘管患者进行肛管直肠内超声检查,并结合术中所见以及术后随访对超声结果的价值进行评价。结果肛管直肠内超声可以清晰显示复杂肛瘘瘘管在肛周组织中的走行,并可协助寻找内口。术中探查证实与术前腔内超声提示窦道走形一致者占97.78%。结论肛管直肠内超声技术对于复杂肛瘘的术前诊断具有重要价值。     

经直肠腔内超声三维成像在肛周感染性疾病诊断中的应用

目的：探讨经直肠腔内超声三维成像对肛周感染性疾病的诊断价值。方法：以2018年8月至2020年8月于我院接受手术治疗且术前均行经直肠腔内超声三维成像检查的84例肛周感染性疾病患者为研究对象,以手术诊断结果为标准,分析超声诊断的准确性。结果：手术结果显示单纯性肛周脓肿61例（72.62%）,肛瘘13例（15.48%）,复合型肛周脓肿10例（11.90%）。超声检查结果显示单纯性肛周脓肿59例,肛瘘16例,复合型肛周脓肿7例;漏诊2例（均为单纯性肛周脓肿）,3例复合型肛周脓肿被误诊为肛瘘。诊断准确率为94.05%(79/84)。超声影像学主要表现为不规则回声区（77.38%）、边界不清（71.43%）及低回声区（58.33%）,27.38%(23例)的患者可见长条管状低回声瘘管,且与肛管或皮肤相连。结论：经直肠腔内超声三维成像诊断肛周感染性疾病准确率高,具有临床应用价值。     

二维和三维腔内超声技术应用于肛瘘诊断的比较研究

目的：评估二维和三维腔内超声技术诊断肛瘘的准确性。方法收集2012年1—12月南京市中医院肛肠科住院接受手术治疗的47例肛瘘患者临床影像资料。以术中探查结果为金标准,对二维和三维两种腔内超声检查的诊断结果进行kappa一致性检验。结果二维和三维腔内超声对瘘管内口的诊断均表现出与术中探查结果较好的一致性（kappa系数0．776比0．636）;三维腔内超声对括约肌间瘘、高位经括约肌瘘和括约肌上瘘的诊断与术中探查结果的一致性均极好,并优于二维超声,kappa系数分别为0．810比0．592,0．863比0．548,1．000比0．672;对于分支瘘管的诊断,三维超声也优于二维超声（kappa系数分别为0．659比0．535）;对于合并脓肿的诊断,三维和二维超声一致性均极好（kappa系数：0．881比0．816）。结论三维腔内超声能清晰显示瘘管与括约肌的关系,尤其对高位、合并分支瘘管的复杂性肛瘘,较二维超声的诊断准确性更高。     

Prospective comparison of endorectal ultrasound, three-dimensional endorectal ultrasound, and endorectal MRI in the preoperative evaluation of rectal tumorsrid=""

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the value of endorectal ultrasound (EUS), three-dimensional (3D) EUS, and endorectal MRI in the preoperative staging of rectal neoplasms. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with rectal tumors were assessed by EUS and endorectal MRI. Additionally, three-dimensional ultrasound was performed in a subgroup of 25 patients. EUS data were obtained with a bifocal multiplane transducer (10 MHz) and processed on a 3D ultrasound workstation. MR imaging was carried out with a 1.5 T superconducting unit using an endorectal surface coil. Results: EUS was carried out successfully in all 30 patients, whereas endorectal MRI was not feasible in two patients. Compared with the histopathological classification, EUS and endorectal MRI correctly determined the tumor infiltration depth in 25 of 30 and 28 patients, respectively. The comparative accuracy of EUS, 3D EUS, and endorectal MRI in predicting tumor invasion was 84%, 88%, and 91%, respectively. EUS, three-dimensional EUS, and endorectal MRI enabled us to assess the lymph node status correctly in 25, 25, and 24 patients, respectively. Both three-dimensional EUS and endorectal MRI combined high-resolution imaging and multiplanar display options. Assessment of additional scan planes facilitated the interpretation of the findings and improved the understanding of the three-dimensional anatomy. Conclusion: The accuracy of three-dimensional EUS and endorectal MRI in the assessment of the infiltration depth of rectal cancer is comparable to conventional EUS. One advantage of both methods is the ability to obtain multiplanar images, which may be helpful for the planning of surgery in the future. Received: 4 April 2000/Accepted: 25 August 2000/Online publication: 27 October 2000     

A technically difficult endorectal ultrasound is more likely to be inaccurate

OBJECTIVE: Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) is well established as an accurate modality for local staging of rectal tumours. The aim of this study was to identify reasons for inaccurate staging of tumours, and to assess whether difficulties encountered during scanning are likely to influence accuracy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ERUS was performed by a single operator using a 10 MHz rigid instrument. One hundred and seventeen patients that had both ERUS and surgery are included in this study (patients that had pre-operative radiotherapy were excluded). During ERUS, procedural conditions and limiting factors were recorded. Data was collected prospectively. RESULTS: In 78 (66.7%) patients no technical difficulty was encountered during ERUS. In this group accuracy was 80% for T-stage and 77% for N-stage. Specific reasons for inaccuracy identified in this group were: inflammatory lymph nodes (from a tumour associated abscess and a colovesical fistula) and deep biopsy causing a submucosal defect with intramural haemorrhage in benign lesions (2 cases). In the remaining 39 (33.3%), the following problems were encountered: stenotic lesions (23), patient discomfort (8), poor bowel preparation (6), and scarring from previous surgery (2). In 11 patients from this group, the scan was considered inconclusive and no stage could be determined. For the other 28, the accuracy for T-stage was 68% and for N-stage 67%. CONCLUSION: A technically difficult ERUS is likely to give an inconclusive or inaccurate result for both T-stage (P = 0.001) and N-stage (P = 0.003). In this situation a repeat scan may be considered (where appropriate). Alternatively, further assessment by MRI or flexible endoscopic ultrasound may be considered.     

三维超声技术及其在肝癌诊治中的应用

介绍三维超声成像技术的原理,讨论三维超声在肝癌的诊断性应用及在肝脏手术和介入中的治疗性应用。     

Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound for diagnosis of perianal fistulas: Reliable and objective technique

AIM: To evaluate accuracy of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) as compared to 2D-EAUS and physical examination (PE) in diagnosis of perianal fistulas and correlate with intraoperative findings.METHODS: A prospective observational consecutive study was performed with patients included over a two years period. All patients were studied and operated on by the Colorectal Unit surgeons. The inclusion criteria were patients over 18, diagnosed with a criptoglandular perianal fistula. The PE, 2D-EAUS and 3D-EAUS was performed preoperatively by the same colorectal surgeon at the outpatient clinic prior to surgery and the fistula anatomy was defined and they were classified in intersphincteric, high or low transsphincteric, suprasphincteric and extrasphincteric. Special attention was paid to the presence of a secondary tract, the location of the internal opening (IO) and the site of external opening. The results of these different examinations were compared to the intraoperative findings. Data regarding location of the IO, primary tract, secondary tract, and the presence of abscesses or cavities was analysed.RESULTS: Seventy patients with a mean age of 47 years (range 21-77), 51 male were included. Low transsphincteric fistulas were the most frequent type found (33, 47.1%) followed by high transsphincteric (24, 34.3%) and intersphincteric fistulas (13, 18.6%). There are no significant differences between the number of IO diagnosed by the different techniques employed and surgery (P > 0.05) and, there is a good concordance between intraoperative findings and the 2D-EAUS (k = 0.67) and 3D-EAUS (k = 0.75) for the diagnosis of the primary tract. The ROC curves for the diagnosis of transsphincteric fistulas show that both ultrasound techniques are adequate for the diagnosis of low transsphincteric fistulas, 3D-EAUS is superior for the diagnosis of high transsphincteric fistulas and PE is weak for the diagnosis of both types.CONCLUSION: 3D-EAUS shows a higher accuracy than 2D-EAUS for assessing height of primary tract in transsphincteric fistulas. Both techniques show a good concordance with intraoperative finding for diagnosis of primary tracts.     

Endoanal and endorectal ultrasound: applications in colorectal surgery

Endoanal and endorectal ultrasound have an important role in colorectal surgery. They can be applied in the management of faecal incontinence, rectal tumours and inflammatory perianal conditions. In faecal incontinence, anal ultrasound will confirm the presence or absence of sphincter defects. This will direct any operative intervention such as direct sphincter repair. Ultrasound in rectal cancer allows staging of the tumour by assessing the depth of invasion through the bowel wall and involvement of mesenteric nodes. Such staging might influence the choice of operation and determine which patients might benefit from preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Ultrasound has a particular role in recurrent and complex anal fistula and perianal sepsis. Preoperative and perioperative planning with accurate delineation of fistula tracts, extensions and sphincter involvement might help prevent recurrence and impaired continence from sphincter damage after surgery. Correct interpretation of ultrasound images requires training and experience so that the results can be properly correlated with the clinical situation.