肾嫌色细胞癌的超声造影表现

Objective To discuss the imaging characteristics of chromophobic cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) and study the features on the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods The CEUS features of CCRC in 28 cases identified by pathology were reviewed. The blood supply and enhancement characteristic were observed and analyzed on time intensity curve parameters. Results The 28 cases of CCRC showed poor blood supply in contrast with the renal cortex. The CCRC presented with heterogeneity enhancement, part of the tumor took on a high wash-in and wash-out, and enhanced less intense than the surrounding renal cortex. The actinomorphous strong echo of the tumors might be revealed with CEUS in 15 cases (54%). The time intensity curve analysis demonstrated that the CCRCs' difference of peak intensity and area under the curve were lower than the renal cortex (P＜0.05), but arrival time, time-to-peak and slope of ascending curve were higher than the renal medulla (P＜0.05). Conclusion The actinomorphous enhancement and poor blood supply in the tumor of CEUS could provide diagnostic evidence for CRCC.     

肾嫌色细胞癌的超声造影表现

Objective To discuss the imaging characteristics of chromophobic cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) and study the features on the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods The CEUS features of CCRC in 28 cases identified by pathology were reviewed. The blood supply and enhancement characteristic were observed and analyzed on time intensity curve parameters. Results The 28 cases of CCRC showed poor blood supply in contrast with the renal cortex. The CCRC presented with heterogeneity enhancement, part of the tumor took on a high wash-in and wash-out, and enhanced less intense than the surrounding renal cortex. The actinomorphous strong echo of the tumors might be revealed with CEUS in 15 cases (54%). The time intensity curve analysis demonstrated that the CCRCs' difference of peak intensity and area under the curve were lower than the renal cortex (P＜0.05), but arrival time, time-to-peak and slope of ascending curve were higher than the renal medulla (P＜0.05). Conclusion The actinomorphous enhancement and poor blood supply in the tumor of CEUS could provide diagnostic evidence for CRCC.     

多层螺旋CT检查在肾癌分期及分型中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(SCT)检查在肾癌分期分型中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析64例肾癌患者术前肾脏SCT资料和术后病理结果.男44例,女20例.年龄33～78岁,平均54岁.通过平扫期、皮髓期CT值及强化模式,依据2005年CUA制定标准对肾癌进行分期分型,并与术后病理结果 进行对比.结果 SCT检查发现透明细胞癌38例、乳头状癌14例、嫌色细胞癌12例,病理结果 为透明细胞癌40例、乳头状癌16例、嫌色细胞癌8例.肾癌SCT与病理分型和分期结果 差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),SCT分型准确性为88%,分期准确性为89%.平扫期以CT值40 HU为标准鉴别乳头状癌与透明细胞癌和嫌色细胞癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为75%、79%和78%;皮髓期以CT值90 HU为标准鉴别透明细胞癌与乳头状癌和嫌色细胞癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为90%、88%、89%;均匀强化在嫌色细胞癌的比率显著高于透明细胞癌及乳头状癌.结论 多层SCT检查诊断肾癌准确性较高,是术前评估肾癌分型和分期较理想的手段之一.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the value of multi-slice spiral CT (SCT) scan in staging and subtyping of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods The preoperative kidney SCT data and postoperative pathology results of 64 patients with RCC were retrospectively analyzed. The patients′ ages ranged from 33-78 years (average 54 years). There were 44 males and 20 females in the study group. According to the CUA Guidelines, the staging and subtyping of RCC were performed through the combined information of preoperative SCT attenuation in unenhanced, corticomedullary phase and enhancement pattern. The results were compared with the postoperative histopathological results. Results The SCT results showed 38 cases were clear cell RCC, 14 cases were papillary RCC and 12 cases were chromophobic cell RCC. Histopathological results showed that 40 cases were clear cell RCC, 16 cases were papillary RCC and 8 cases were chromophobic cell RCC. According to the standard of 40 HU of CT attenuation value, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 75%, 79% and 78% for diagnosis of papillary RCC in the unenhanced phase. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy by the standard of 90 HU of CT attenuation value was 90%, 88% and 89% for diagnosis of clear cell RCC in the corticomedullary phase. In chromophobic RCC, homogeneous enhancement was more common than in papillary RCC and clear cell RCC. There was no significant difference of staging and subtyping of RCC between SCT and pathological results (P>0.05). The accuracy of SCT in staging and subtyping of RCC was 88% in staging, and 89% in subtyping. Conclusions SCT is a useful preoperative tool to stage and subtype RCC     

肾嫌色细胞癌临床特征分析

目的 探讨肾嫌色细胞癌的临床特点并分析其预后.方法 对1998年1月至2008年1月期间收治的29例肾嫌色细胞癌患者的临床资料包括临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方法、Ptnm分期和生存期随访等,进行回顾性分析.结果 所有29例患者均缺乏典型的临床症状,术前影像学检查亦未发现特异性表现.23例患者行根治性肾切除术,6例行保留肾单位手术(NSS),病理分期:Pt1n0m0 11例,Pt2n0m0 8例,pT3aN0M0 5例,Pt1nm0 3例,Pt2n1m0 2例.26例患者获得随访,随访24～144个月,平均90个月;3例死于心脑血管疾病,6例局部复发后4例再次手术,1例远处转移,21例无瘤生存.与同期肾透明细胞癌患者相比,累积5年生存率两者分别为83.9%和63.8%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),累积10年生存率分别为77.9%和49.9%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 肾嫌色细胞癌是一种少见的具有特殊形态的肾细胞癌病理亚型,主要通过病理学予以鉴别诊断,手术切除是治疗初发或复发的肾嫌色细胞癌的首选方法,其预后较好.

Abstract：

Objectives To explore the clinical, pathological features and prognosis of patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Methods From January 1998 to January 2008, clinical data of 29 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma including clinical manifestations, imaging examinations,treatment models, pTNM stages and follow-up results, were summarized to investigate its features and prognosis. Results All cases had no obvious clinical and preoperative imaging presentation. There were 23 patients underwent radical nephrectomy, and 6 cases underwent nephron sparing surgery. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Macroscopically, the cut surface of the tumors were generally beige in color. Histologically, it showed polygonal chromophobe cells and small round eosinophilic cells with eccentric hyaline degeneration. These tumor cells had a clear and sharp membrane, lightly stained abundant cytoplasm with a fine reticular translucent pattern and irregular nuclei. And a perinuclear halo was often seen in these cells. Histochemically, the tumor cells generally show a diffuse and strong reaction for CK-8 with a negative expression of Vimentin. The pTNM stages of the tumor were as follows, pT1N0M0 in 11 cases, pT2N0M0 in 8 cases, pT3aN0M0 in 5 cases, pT1N1M0 in 3 cases,pT2N1M0 in 2 cases. Twenty-six cases of patients were followed up (24 to 144 months, with an average of 90 months), 3 cases died of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and local recurrence involved in 6 cases with reoperation in 4 cases, as well as distant metastasis in 1 case. Twenty-one cases survived with tumor-free.The statistical results indicated that the survival rates of the patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in five years and ten years were 83.9%, 77.9%, respectively, compared with renal cell carcinoma of the same stage 63. 8% and 49. 9% at the same periods, and there is no difference in the survival rate of five years( P ＞ 0. 05 ) but significant difference in that of ten years ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a morphologically uncommon subtype of renal cell carcinoma with the good prognosis. Definite diagnosis depends on its typical pathological feature. Radical nephrectomy is the first choice for the treatment of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

多房性囊性肾癌一例报告及文献复习

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and outcome of multilocular cystic renal cell car-cinoma. Methods The clinic data of 1 case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed with its clinical manifestation, imaging, pathology and therapy in our hospital. The male patient aged 49 was incidentally found to have a right renal tumor. The CT scan showed a multiloeular cystic tumor in the low pole of the right kidney with a clear outline. The thin septa were found in the tumor, which were enhanced in the enhancement CT scan. The enhancement MRI showed the cystic wall was en-hanced. Results The patient received a partial nephrectomy as his treatment. The pathological char-acteristics were as following: the multilocular cystic tumor was about 3 cm×2 cm×2 cm with clear serosity in it. The cystic wall was smooth with the width of 0.1-0.2 cm. Most of the cystic cavities were covered by monostratified or stratified cubic clear cells, and some were covered by squamous epi-thelium or no epithelium at all. The septum was composed of collagen fiber, and clear cells were found in it. The clear cells form small collections but do not form expansile nodules. The final pathological diagnosis was multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. The follow-up was 20 months, without local re-currence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma with a good prognosis. MCRCC is an uncommon tumor of the kidney composed of multiple cysts with clear cells in the septa indistinguishable from grade I renal cell carcinoma. Most patients are asymptomatie and the tumors are discovered inciden-tally. The preoperative diagnosis of MCRCC immediately depends on imaging studies. Pathology is the key to diagnosis.     

超声造影定量技术与核医学肾图评价肾功能不全的相关研究

目的 评价超声造影定量参数在检测慢性肾功能不全中的应用价值。 方法 以99mTc-DTPA肾动态核素显像检查测得肾小球滤过率（GFR）为标准。以33例临床确诊慢性肾功能不全患者为对象,其中男15例,女18例,平均年龄（43.33±6.78）岁。用PHILIPS iU22超声仪器对所有患者双肾皮质进行实时灰阶超声造影灌注成像,超声造影剂为SonoVue,每侧肾脏使用剂量为1 ml。用QLAB图像分析软件计算感兴趣区域内造影剂回声信号的强度,生成时间-放射性核素强度曲线（TIC）,得到超声造影灌注参数。静脉团注148~222 MBq的99mTc-DTPA后即刻进行肾动态显像,计算双肾GFR。将各个超声造影定量灌注参数值分别与肾动态显像所得GFR值作相关性分析。 结果 慢性肾功能不全患者99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像测得GFR 与超声造影定量参数中的曲线下面积( AUC)、曲线上升支斜率（A）呈正相关,rAUC=0.886（P < 0.05）,rA=0.804（P < 0.05）;而与曲线达峰强度绝对值（DPI）、达峰时间（TTP）、曲线下降支斜率（α）无相关,rDPI=0.021（P > 0.05）,rTTP=0.043（P > 0.05）,rα=0.039（P > 0.05）。 结论 部分超声造影灌注定量参数能反映慢性肾功能不全肾皮质血流灌注改变,与核医学肾图测得的GFR有很好的相关性。     

超声造影定量分析体外冲击波碎石后肾皮质血流灌注

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）结合时间-强度曲线分析体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）前后肾皮质血流灌注的改变及其临床意义。方法对30例诊断为肾结石患者行ESWL,于ESWL前、ESWL后即时分别行CEUS检查。用ACQ软件定量测量碎石靶区肾皮质血流灌注参数值,观察指标为造影剂到达时间（AT）、达峰时间（TTP）、达峰强度（PI）及速度参数（β）。结果AT、TTP、β值ESWL前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,PI值ESWL前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,ESWL后PI值小于ESWL前PI值。结论CEUS定量分析技术能显示ESWL前后肾皮质血流灌注的变化,反映肾的微小损伤,可以成为监测ESWL肾损伤的新手段。     

超声造影诊断小肾癌

目的探讨CEUS在小肾癌(SRCC)临床诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析62例经病理证实为SRCC患者的超声资料,观察CUES表现,并与常规二维超声相比较。结果 62例小肾癌患者均为单侧单发病灶,其中病灶位于左肾34例,右肾28例。62例SRCC常规二维超声均表现为类圆形且边界清晰的肿块,27例(27/62,43.55%)血流信号丰富,19例(19/62,30.65%)可见点状或条状血流信号,16例(16/62,25.81%)未见明显血流信号。62例SRCC均见造影剂增强;增强模式呈"快进慢退"44例(44/62,70.97%),"快进快退"15例(15/62,24.20%),"慢进快退"3例(3/62,4.84%);增强程度为高增强39例(39/62,62.90%),等增强23例(23/62,37.10%)。CEUS对SRCC的诊断率、血流显示率、假包膜显示率及坏死区显示率均明显高于常规二维超声(P均0.001)。结论 CEUS在显示病灶内低速血流及微循环血供情况方面优于常规二维超声,有助于SRCC的诊断。     

Spoke-wheel-like enhancement as an important imaging finding of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies

AIM: Little information has been reported with regard to the radiological features of chromophobe cell renal carcinomas (CCRC). The aim of the present study was to identify imaging characteristics which lead to the histological diagnosis of CCRC. METHODS: The imaging findings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively analyzed in 11 patients with CCRC operated on at Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. RESULTS: None of the factors studied were significant in distinguishing the two variants, typical and eosinophilic variants. Enhanced CT scans showed a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central scar in 3 patients (27%). The radiological patterns were classified into two groups. Seven patients (64%) showed pattern 1 in which: (i) a hypodense to isodense enhancement compared to the renal medulla in the corticomedullary phase during dynamic CT; (ii) an isodense mass compared to the renal medulla in unenhanced CT scan; and (iii) a lobulated appearance were typically observed. Four patients (36%) showed pattern 2 that seemed to be similar to the features of clear cell carcinoma, having an alveolar structure including a hyperdense enhancement in the corticomedullary phase and an inhomogeneous appearance. A spoke-wheel-like enhancement was observed only in patients with pattern 1, and was more clearly demonstrated in larger tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The CT and MRI findings in CCRC patients were not uniform, but it was noted that a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central stellate scar, which might have been mistaken for oncocytoma, was one of important findings of CCRC. Tumors demonstrating a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central scar should be carefully managed, because they could be malignant.     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound using a time-intensity curve for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma

Study Type – Diagnosis (non‐consecutive series) Level of Evidence 3b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? In terms of imaging differentiation, distinguishing complex cystic renal masses that require surgery from those that do not remains a common and difficult diagnostic problem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for characterizing complex cystic renal masses. But there are some cases that are difficult to diagnose differentially on computed tomography (CT) or MRI. We evaluated the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcinoma by using a time‐intensity curve (TIC). Assessments of blood flow in the solid component of a cystic tumour by CEUS using a second‐generation US contrast agent and TIC analysis have made it easier to objectively diagnose cystic renal cancer.

OBJECTIVE

• ? To evaluate the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by employing a time‐intensity curve (TIC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• ? From May 2008 to October 2009, CEUS was performed prior to surgery in 30 patients with renal masses.
• ? In all, 10 of the 30 patients had cystic renal masses. The final diagnoses of all patients were pathologically confirmed. Contrast enhancement as a function of time was measured in two (tumour or solid component of cystic lesions and normal parenchyma) regions of interest (ROI) and TICs were obtained.
• ? The time to the contrast enhancement peak (TTP), intensity change from the baseline to peak (ΔI) and ΔI/TTP of the tumour and the normal parenchyma were measured from the TIC.

RESULTS

• ? Pathological diagnoses were renal cell carcinoma in 30 patients.
• ? The TTP of the cancer was shorter than that of the normal parenchyma in all cases (6.0 ± 2.0 vs 10.4 ± 3.0 s; P < 0.0001).
• ? The ΔI did not differ between the cancer and normal parenchyma [21.3 ± 5.9 vs 20.9 ± 7.0 decibels (db); P= 0.68]; the ΔI/TTP of the cancer was significantly higher than that of the normal parenchyma (3.9 ± 1.4 vs 2.2 ± 0.94 db/s; P < 0.0001).
• ? TIC patterns of solid cancer and cystic cancer were very similar.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? An objective and quantitative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by CEUS using a second‐generation ultrasound contrast agent can be made by employing a TIC.
• ? The TIC patterns of solid and cystic cancers were very similar, despite their morphological and vascular differences.
• ? CEUS using TIC is a promising tool in the diagnosis of cystic renal cancer.

     

超声造影观察兔急性肾衰竭前后肾皮、髓质血流灌注变化

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）在检测兔急性肾衰竭前后肾皮、髓质血流灌注变化中的应用。方法于家兔后腿肌注50％甘油（12～15ml／kg）,建立急性。肾衰竭动物模型,分别于造模前、造模后1天行肾脏灰阶CEUS检查,并对造影的时间-强度曲线（TIC）进行分析,参数包括造影剂到达皮、髓质的时间（AT）、达峰时间（TTP）、峰值强度变化（A）、曲线下面积（Auc）及曲线上升支斜率（p）。结果造模前肾皮质A[（17．36±13．73）dB]和p[（5．38±2．08）dB／s]值均明显高于造模后A[（6．59±4．25）dB]和B[（1．58±1．41）dB／s]值（P〈0．05）。造模前肾皮质TTP[（2．46±1．76）s]和AUC[（329．31±171．70）dBs]值均明显低于造模后TTP[（5．93±4．80）s]和AUC[（722．28±354．14）dBs]值（P〈0．05）。肾皮质AT,肾髓质AT、A、TTP、AUC及8,血肌酐、尿素氮在兔肾衰竭前、后差异均无统计学意义。结论CEUS与血肌酐、尿素氮相比可更早地反映急性肾衰竭后肾皮质血流灌注的改变。     

超声造影与增强CT诊断肾细胞癌的比较研究

目的:比较研究SonoVue超声造影(CEUS)和增强CT(CECT)在肾细胞癌诊断中的应用价值.方法:对56例肾占位性病变行SonoVue超声造影检查(CEUS组),同时对其中53例行增强CT检查(CECT组).连续、实时、动态观测肾肿瘤及周边肾实质血流灌注情况,记录注射造影剂后皮质期、实质期及延迟期肿瘤增强形态、强化方式,并与CECT增强全过程相比较.结果:CEUS组癌灶增强主要表现为皮质期等增强,实质期、延迟期低或等增强,仅有少部分表现为三期轻微增强.确诊.肾恶性肿瘤42例,误诊4例;确诊良性肿瘤7例,误诊3例.CECT组确诊肾恶性肿瘤38例,误诊5例;确诊良性肿瘤6例,误诊4例.CEUS和CECT诊断肾恶性肿瘤的灵敏度、阳性预测价值、诊断准确率分别为91.3%/88.4%、93.3%/88.4%、87.5%/81.1%.结论:CEUS和CECT都能敏感显示肾细胞癌血供强化特征,在肾细胞癌的定性诊断中起到相互补充的作用.     

超声造影对急性肾损伤治疗后肾血流灌注水平的评价

目的本研究旨在通过超声造影（CEUS）评估脓毒症性急性肾损伤（SAKI）患者连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）前后肾脏微循环灌注量，探讨其在SAKI患者CRRT后肾脏血流灌注水平的诊断价值。 方法选择2020年3月至2021年3月东莞市滨海湾中心医院重症医学科脓毒症患者77例作为研究对象。研究分为非AKI和SAKI两组，其中非AKI患者35例和SAKI患者42例，而SAKI组中分为CRRT与未行CRRT两组，而根据CRRT后肾功能恢复情况再分肾功能好转组和未好转组。所有研究对象均通过超声造影动态分析获取肾脏造影参数：峰值强度（PI）、达峰时间（TTP）、曲线下面积（AUC）。 结果SAKI组与非AKI组对比PI减弱、TTP延长、AUC减少（P均<0.05），SKAI组CRRT后对比CRRT前PI增强、TTP缩短、AUC增加（P均<0.05），SKAI组CRRT后肾功能好转组和未好转组比较，PI增强、TTP缩短、AUC增加（P均<0.05）。SAKI组中经CRRT后肾功能好转组和非AKI组比较，PI、TTP、AUC差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论肾脏超声造影定量分析可在一定程度反映SAKI患者CRRT前后肾功能的变化，有望作为床旁评价SAKI患者CRRT后肾血流灌注水平的一种有效手段。     

实时超声造影对肾脏肿瘤诊断价值的应用研究

目的探讨实时超声造影技术在肾脏肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对65例经常规二维及彩色多普勒超声检查诊断为肾肿瘤或可疑肾肿瘤的患者进行实时超声造影。观察造影剂在病灶内时相变化的规律及造影剂在肿瘤内分布的特点,并与病理结果进行对照。结果65例病灶中41例为恶性病灶,24例患者为良性病灶,二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断准确率80．0％（52／65）,敏感性87．8％（36／41）,特异性66．7％（16／24）;使用超声造影检查后准确率、敏感性和特异性均提高,分别为93．8％（61／65）、97．6％（40／41）、87．5％（21／24）。肾脏恶性肿瘤的造影模式主要为快进快退不均匀高增强,而肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤多表现为慢进慢退低或等增强。结论超声造影技术为肾脏肿瘤的检出提供了更为丰富的信息,对肾脏肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

多房性囊性肾癌与肾癌出血坏死囊性变的临床比较

目的:探讨多房性囊性肾癌(MCRCC)与肾癌出血坏死囊性变(NCRCC)的临床特点,提高两种疾病的诊治水平。方法:对MCRCC及NCRCC各10例的临床资料进行对比研究,并对其囊壁增厚、强化特点等CT征象以及病理分级进行统计学分析。结果:两组患者无特异性,NCRCC组最重要的CT征象为囊壁及分隔局部结节或肿块,与MCRCC组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。MCRCC组病理分级低,与NCRCC组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MCRCC与NCRCC是两种生物学行为不同的肾癌类型,应注意鉴别,鉴别主要依靠影像学检查。MCRCC恶性程度低,预后较好。