儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗

目的:总结儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤手术治疗的经验教训。方法:37例14岁以下的患者接受不同方式的手术治疗,平均随访37.2个月。结果:病变刮除、瘤壁残留肿瘤组织灭活、植骨术仍是目前治疗良性病变常用的手术方法,应避免损伤股骨头骨骺。对病灶范围较大伴有髋内翻畸形的良性病变,行病变部分刮除、外翻截骨及内固定后可维持正常的颈干角和髋关节功能。瘤段切除、长柄人工股骨头置换术,是修复股骨近端恶性骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的一种较好的方法,具有早期恢复肢体功能、并发症少、材料来源充足等优势。结论:儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗应考虑到病变的性质、侵袭范围、股骨近端的应力分布及儿童骨骺未闭合等特点,采用适当的术式,多可获得良好的效果。     

Chondroblastoma of bone

BACKGROUND: Chondroblastoma of bone is a rare lesion, and few large series have been reported. The purpose of this paper is to report forty-seven cases treated by one group of surgeons and to identify factors associated with more aggressive tumor behavior. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with chondroblastoma of bone were treated between 1977 and 1998. We were able to obtain historical data, imaging studies, histological findings, and adequate personal or telephone follow-up to determine the outcome for forty-seven patients. RESULTS: The lesions were distributed widely in the skeleton, but most were in the epiphyses or apophyses of the long bones, especially the proximal part of the tibia (eleven tumors) and the proximal part of the humerus (ten tumors). The principal presenting symptoms were pain and limitation of movement. The treatment consisted of a variety of procedures, but the majority of the patients had intralesional curettage and packing with allograft or autograft bone chips or polymethylmethacrylate. Most of the patients had an excellent functional result, although in three osteoarthritis developed in the adjacent joint. Seven patients (15 percent) had a local recurrence; three of them had a second recurrence and one, a third recurrence. One patient died of widespread metastases, and another who had metastases to multiple sites was alive and disease-free after aggressive treatment of the metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: While the size of the lesion, the age and gender of the patient, the status of the growth plate, and an aneurysmal-bone-cyst component to the tumor had no significant effect on the recurrence rate, lesions around the hip (the proximal part of the femur, the greater trochanter, and the pelvis) accounted for the majority (five) of the seven recurrent tumors and one of the two metastatic lesions.     

成软骨细胞瘤65例临床分析

目的分析成软骨细胞瘤的特点、治疗方法和疗效。方法收集我院自1994年-2011年经手术病理确诊并有完整随访资料的成软骨细胞瘤共65例。其中男45例,女20例,男女比例为2.25︰1;年龄3~45岁,平均(18.42±7.94)岁。病变部位为胫骨近端8例(12%),股骨远端11例(17%),股骨近端23例(35%),肱骨近端和距骨各4例(6%),髌骨3例,跟骨和骨盆各2例,足舟骨、桡骨近端、桡骨远端、肋骨、肩胛骨、腓骨、股骨干、C7附件各1例。行单纯病灶内刮除5例,刮除植骨40例,刮除骨水泥填充11例。行瘤段切除9例(人工关节置换4例,单纯瘤段切除5例)。结果平均随访65.3个月(15~200个月)。3例局部复发,经再次手术治疗无复发。复发率为4.6%。未发现转移者。结论成软骨细胞瘤影像学诊断易与骨巨细胞瘤等混淆,病灶内刮除术可以达到较好的疗效,在保证患者肢体功能的前提下适度扩大病灶的切除范围可降低其复发率。     

Chondroblastoma of bone: long-term results and functional outcome after intralesional curettage

We undertook this retrospective study to determine the rate of recurrence and functional outcome after intralesional curettage for chondroblastoma of bone. The factors associated with aggressive behaviour of the tumour were also analysed. We reviewed 53 patients with histologically-proven chondroblastoma who were treated by intralesional curettage in our unit between 1974 and 2000. They were followed up for at least two years to a maximum of 27 years.Seven (13.2%) had a histologically-proven local recurrence. Three underwent a second intralesional curettage and had no further recurrence. Two had endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal humerus and two underwent below-knee amputation after aggressive local recurrence. One patient had the rare malignant metastatic chondroblastoma and eventually died. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score of the survivors was 94.2%.We conclude that meticulous intralesional curettage alone can achieve low rates of local recurrence and excellent long-term function.     

高速磨钻在侵袭性骨肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的：探讨高速磨钻在治疗侵袭性骨肿瘤治疗中的作用。方法：2000年4月～2001年9月收治长骨侵袭性骨肿瘤病例28例，采用高速磨钻方法治疗17例。首先，开窗刮除瘤腔内肿瘤组织，然后直视下应用高速磨钻沿各个方向仔细磨除瘤腔内壁表面骨嵴，尤其是瘤腔顶部，额外磨除瘤腔皮质骨下1～5mm的骨组织，直到显露正常骨质。必要时也磨除部分软骨下骨，部分病变区域需至关节软骨平面。即使病变部位骨皮质因侵蚀破坏后变薄或已经穿破，应用高速磨钻可能钻破骨皮质，也应继续磨除残留骨皮质，达到磨除干净为止。选择非结构性移植物，包括自体髂骨或同种异体骨、碳酸化羟基磷灰石，填充骨缺损。结果：术后平均随访时间16个月(7～24个月)。无局部复发及远处脏器转移。术后关节功能轻度受限1例；切口早期炎性反应2例；深部感染1例；病变部位远侧肿胀1例。未发生继发性病理骨折。结论：侵袭性骨肿瘤腔壁在肉眼和显微镜下均可见凸凹不平的骨嵴，常刮匙并不能刮除骨嵴间的肿瘤细胞。高速磨钻对骨组织具有较强的切割作用，能较易磨平凸出的骨嵴，虽然仍为病灶内手术，但应用高速磨钻后扩大了手术切除的范围，可以达到边缘切除的效果，保证手术的彻底性。高速磨钻的应用是减少侵袭性骨肿瘤复发的有效手段，值得普及、推广。     

Analysis for clinical feature and outcome of chondroblastoma after surgical treatment: A single center experience of 92 cases

BackgroundChondroblastoma is a rare, benign, cartilaginous bone tumor derived from epiphyseal chondrocytes. Although the clinical characteristics and experience of surgical treatment of the smaller number of patients has been reported in the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the clinical and radiographic features and the outcome for surgical treatment of this disease due to the rarity of chondroblastoma. This study was aiming to review the epidemiologic characteristics and outcome of surgical management for patients with chondroblastoma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 92 patients with chondroblastoma. Clinical data, radiographic images, surgical treatment and outcome were analyzed. Eighty-two patients received the extensive intralesional curettage and ten cases had the En-block resection.ResultsThe most common site of disease was proximal femur (20.7%, 19/92), followed by distal femur (18.5%, 17/92) and proximal tibia (16.3%, 15/92). The secondary aneurysmal bone cyst component was most common for chondroblastoma of the small irregular bones, such as patella and foot. Four (4.3%, 4/92) cases receiving the extensive intralesional curettage developed the local recurrence, respectively two at the proximal tibia, one at the pelvis and one at the calcaneus. Time to local recurrence were respectively 14.5, 8.8, 27.0 and 5.6 months, with the average 14 months. Kaplan–Meier estimated survivorship curve of local recurrence-free survival rates of one, two and five years were respectively 97.7%, 96.2% and 93.9%. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 29.4. At the last follow-up, no one had the pulmonary metastasis and death associated with the disease.ConclusionIntralesional curettage plus local adjuvants can obtain satisfactory outcome for chondroblastoma.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

Lower recurrence rate in chondroblastoma using extended curettage and cryosurgery

Purpose

Various methods for the treatment of chondroblastoma of bone have been used including simple curettage, or combined with bone grafting, in addition to the use of adjuvant therapy. However, local recurrence still represents a challenge in the management of this aggressive tumour. This study focuses on evaluating the role of intraregional extended curettage together with the use of adjuvant cryotherapy and autogenous bone grafting in the treatment of benign chondroblastoma of bone aiming to decrease the recurrence rate.

Methods

All patients with chondroblastoma included in this study underwent intralesional extended curettage, adjuvant cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen, and autogenous iliac crest bone grafting. Follow up for healing of chondroblastoma lesions and detection of any local recurrence was assessed on clinical and radiological bases. The functional outcome was assessed by the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society scoring system.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 49 months. The average time for bone healing was 7.4 months. Our rate of local recurrence is 7.1 %. Two patients (14.3 %) developed physeal growth arrest. One patient had superficial skin sloughing (7.1 %). None of the cases had pathological fracture. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score was 92.7 %.

Conclusion

Chondroblastoma is an aggressive benign bone tumour with a high rate of recurrence. The use of high-speed burr combined with adjuvant intralesional cryotherapy and iliac crest autogenous bone grafting is a reliable method of treatment with a low rate of recurrence.     

锁定加压接骨板治疗股骨远端良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折的临床初步探讨

[目的]探讨锁定加压接骨板治疗股骨远端良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折的临床疗效.[方法] 2006年3月～2010年3月,本科共收治11例股骨远端良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折患者,男7例,女4例;年龄16 ～61岁,平均:42.7岁.原发肿瘤类型:内生软骨瘤2例;原发骨巨细胞瘤1例,软骨母细胞瘤4例,软骨粘液性纤维瘤3例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例;自刮除植骨术后至发生骨折时间21～ 36 d,平均:22.3d.AO股骨远端骨折分类:均为A1型,均行锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate,LCP)内固定+植骨术治疗.[结果]1例发生浅表伤口感染,1例术后腘静脉血栓,治疗后好转.所有患者未发生免疫排斥反应,骨折复位丢失,内固定松动、折断,再骨折,肿瘤复发,继发性关节炎等合并症.随访时间12 ～61个月,平均34.4个月.膝关节功能均恢复至正常活动范围,屈曲120.～ 135.,过伸0.～5.;MSTS下肢评分28～ 30分,平均28.9分.[结论]锁定加压接骨板能够满足对此类特殊骨折治疗的要求,特别是利用内固定支架的特性,固定后仍能完成充分植骨的操作,并尽可能的减少二次手术对局部骨折端组织的损伤.内固定力学性能合理,固定可靠,有助于骨折愈合和瘤腔植骨的修复,并可适当的进行早期功能练习,恢复膝关节功能,是治疗良性骨肿瘤刮除植骨术后早期病理骨折有效的内固定方法.     

Late pulmonary metastases from chondroblastoma of the distal femur. A case report

A patient treated with curettage and bone grafting for a chondroblastoma of the distal femur sustained a pathologic fracture after a local recurrence. He then underwent a local, radical resection and an arthrodesis of the knee. Ten years after the first operation, pulmonary metastases were found, for which he underwent a metastasectomy (thoracotomy). At the latest follow-up, 1 year later there were no signs of tumor.     

颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损

目的 :评价颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损的临床可行性。方法 :2013年1月至2016年1月治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损26例,均未发生病理性骨折,男12例,女14例;年龄8~62岁,平均34.2岁。病理结果:纤维结构不良11例,骨孤立性骨囊肿7例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿3例,非骨化性纤维瘤1例,良性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。术前未进行病灶活组织检查,术后送慢病理,手术采取颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定。结果:26例均随访至恢复日常生活,随访时间8~42个月,平均25个月。参照骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)进行功能评估。术后末次复查股骨正侧位X线片,植骨边缘及植骨体部未见低密度影,植骨区骨愈合良好,所有患者未见复发及转移病灶,内固定物无松动、变形。髋关节功能恢复良好,所有患者无再骨折和畸形进展。结论:股骨近端肿瘤复发与病灶刮除植骨技术有关,刮除后采用化学、物理方法处理消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,利用此方法可以获得疾病的长期治愈,减少复发,恢复髋关节功能。