女护生人乳头状瘤病毒自我防护意向调查研究

目的了解女护生人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)预防知识、态度及接种HPV疫苗行为意向,并验证三者间的关系。方法采用横断面研究设计、立意抽样选取368名18~20岁的女护生为对象,以自制的HPV自我防护意向量表作为调查工具,并建立结构方程模型。结果女护生HPV自我防护意向得分(4.58±0.26),量表3个维度得分依序为:HPV预防态度(4.63±0.22)、HPV预防知识(4.58±0.39)、接种HPV疫苗行为意向(4.50±0.12)。结构方程模型显示,HPV预防知识对接种HPV疫苗行为意向有显著影响(β=0.884),HPV预防知识对HPV预防态度有显著影响(β=0.802),HPV预防态度对接种HPV疫苗行为意向的路径也具有显著影响(β=0.778)。HPV预防知识通过HPV预防态度来影响接种HPV疫苗行为意向。3条路径均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论女护生HPV预防知识、态度与接种HPV疫苗行为意向均比较高,其HPV预防知识、态度对接种HPV疫苗行为意向具有直接的影响,同时女护生HPV预防知识可通过HPV预防态度影响接种HPV疫苗行为意向。     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗

一个可引起癌症的主要 HPV类型的有效疫苗对全球宫颈癌的负担产生了一个有意义的影响。预防HPV感染的疫苗目前正进行临床试验并且预计在 2006 年可以使用。关于可能阻止已患感染的进程,或阻止已经存在宫颈非典型增生或癌症妇女的复发,或者使癌症的进展变慢的疫苗研究正在进行。已逐渐达成共识:即一个安全、有效、可负担得起的HPV疫苗将提供最好的方法,长期显著降低宫颈癌的死亡率,特别是在发展中国家。重组DNA技术正用于生产基于类似病毒颗粒的疫苗,对抗最通常的致瘤因子的 HPV类型 16 和18。理想的疫苗生产成本低,长效,不需要冷…     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与男性不育症关系的研究进展

<正>人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是引起全球最常见性传播性疾病(sexually transmitted diseases,STD)的病毒之一。在不同年龄、地区、种族、职业中,均有一定不同数量的男性和女性感染HPV[1,2]。目前,HPV感染与女性生殖健康之间的关系已是众所周知,而关于男性与HPV感染关系的研究相对较少。国外已有研究显示在精液中存在HPV感染,精子活力降低与精液HPV感染有关,会引起男性     

人乳头瘤病毒与男性生殖健康

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是全球最常见的性传播疾病(STD)之一,也是影响男性生殖健康的重要病因。深入认识HPV感染与男性生殖健康的关系,了解男性HPV感染的特点及影响因素,对男性HPV感染进行预防控制和筛查,对提高男性健康乃至国民健康水平有重要意义。     

江苏部分农村男性生殖道人乳头瘤病毒感染状况及危险因素调查

目的:调查江苏部分农村男性生殖道人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况及感染危险因素。方法:选取前期进行宫颈细胞学检查的农村妇女的配偶为研究对象,根据女方宫颈细胞学检查结果分别选取正常组104例,宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ组100例,CINⅡ组95例,CINⅢ组99例。检查研究对象生殖器外观有无湿疣等病变,并用棉拭子采集研究对象生殖道脱落细胞进行HPV分型检测。采用调查问卷收集研究对象基本特征信息。结果:398例研究对象生殖器未见明显病变。HPV总检出率为11. 31%,高危型阳性率为8. 54%。Logistic回归分析显示每天清洗生殖器可显著减少男性生殖道HPV感染风险(OR=3. 030,P=0. 003)。结论:江苏部分农村"健康"男性中,有着相对较高的HPV隐性感染,每天清洗可能是HPV感染的一个保护因素。     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与男性生殖健康的关系

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是全球常见的性传播疾病(STD)之一,男女生殖器正常上皮中均可能存在HPV的DNA。由于大多数的HPV感染为无症状或亚临床症状感染,HPV健康携带者成为主要的传染源。研究显示男性HPV感染与STD、不育、生殖器肿瘤、女性性伴侣的HPV感染均有一定的关系,因此,应采取一定的措施,降低男性的HPV感染率,其中包皮环切、减少性伴侣数目、使用安全套可能是有效的措施。     

女性HPV感染者配偶阴毛毛囊人乳头瘤状病毒调查分析

目的:探讨男性阴毛毛囊人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV))感染与女性配偶HPV感染的关系。方法:女性HPV感染者21例,其中有8例宫颈癌,5例宫颈不典型增生,5例尖锐湿疣,3例原因不明。本文用PCR体外扩增和DNA反向点杂交相结合的DNA芯片技术对其男性配偶的阴毛毛囊进行HPV检测。结果:女性21例病例中发现其配偶阳性6例,感染率为28.6%。6例男性病例中,HPV亚型与其女性感染的HPV亚型基本一致。结论:男性阴毛毛囊HPV感染可能是配偶HPV感染的感染源之一。     

某医院机会性筛查女性人乳头瘤病毒感染流行病学分布及对人乳头瘤病毒疫苗认知调查

目的调查医院门诊机会性筛查女性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染流行病学分布和对预防性疫苗的认知情况,为本院宫颈病变防治提供依据。 方法收集2017年1月至2017年12月于湖北医药学院附属随州医院妇科门诊行HPV筛查的女性患者的流行病学资料,采用问卷调查以了解其对HPV感染及疫苗接种的认知情况。 结果本院门诊机会性筛查女性HPV感染率为16.55%（143/864）。不同年龄组女性HPV感染率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 23.61、P < 0.001）。HPV感染基因型以单一型感染多见（73.43%）;多重感染占26.57%（38/143）;高危型感染占70.63%,以HPV 16型、58型和52型多见,低危型占29.37%,以HPV 81型、11型和42型多见。在问卷调查中,女性对于HPV感染的认知与年龄和文化程度有关（χ² = 70.89、70.63,P均< 0.001）,与居住地无关（χ² = 1.85、P = 0.17）。27.39%（309/1 128）人群知晓HPV感染,20.12%（227/1 128）知晓HPV疫苗,37.59%（424/1 128）人群愿意接种HPV疫苗,其中仅12%（51/424）愿意自费接种;疫苗价位是影响HPV疫苗接受度的主要因素。 结论本医院机会性筛查女性人群HPV感染率较高,同时对HPV认知和预防意识较低。应加强HPV筛查的普查力度,积极推广HPV疫苗的知晓率和接受度。     

上海市浦东新区高桥镇基层医务人员HPV及疫苗相关认知和态度调查

目的调查上海浦东新区高桥地区基层医务人员对HPV的认知及对疫苗的态度,为宫颈癌的一级预防提供参考和建议。方法 2017年9～11月对高桥镇所辖两所社区卫生服务中心进行整群抽样,以填写调查问卷的形式对研究对象进行调查,调查包括一般人口学特征、对HPV及HPV疫苗的认知、HPV疫苗接种意愿等。结果共计调查上海市浦东新区高桥镇基层卫生服务中心190名医护人员。调查对象对HPV及HPV疫苗的知晓率较高,均达到97.89%;94.21%的医务人员知道HPV与宫颈癌的关系,有14.21%的人员不知道HPV的传播途径,仅66.32%的人员知道HPV的感染人群还包括男性。对于HPV的预防措施和高危因素,全部回答正确的人数仅占57.37%和39.47%;临床、护理和公卫医技人员对"HPV感染特征及低危型HPV引起的病变"两项知识的认知情况组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非条件logistic回归分析表明,有1个以上性伴侣、亲人中有癌症患者为医务人员接种意愿的影响因素。结论加强基层各专业医务人员HPV相关知识的专业培训是现阶段宫颈癌防治的要务,且对于HPV疫苗的宣传应侧重其安全性和功效性。     

妇产科护士对HPV疫苗认知及接种态度的调查

目的了解妇产科护士对HPV疫苗的认知和接种态度,为管理者开展相关知识培训提供参考。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对217名妇产科护士HPV疫苗认知和接种态度进行调查。结果 98.62%护士知道HPV疫苗可以预防宫颈癌,68.66%护士知道HPV疫苗接种的最佳年龄,仅34.10%护士知道HPV疫苗的免疫接种程序。66.82%护士有接种HPV疫苗意愿。怀疑疫苗的有效性(70.83%)和担心不良反应(66.67%)是护士不愿接种HPV疫苗的主要原因。结论妇产科护士对HPV疫苗认知不够全面,应加强HPV疫苗相关知识培训,以提高其对HPV疫苗的认知水平,使之能正确宣传及执行HPV疫苗接种。     

HPV in the male patient

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA-containing virus associated with a wide variety of clinical and subclinical diseases. These HPV lesions may resolve spontaneously or progress to benign (condyloma acuminata) or malignant (genital carcinoma) neoplasms. The incidence of HPV genital infection has risen dramatically over the past 30 years, and it is now the most common viral sexually transmitted disease. Many therapeutic options are available to the urologist with new treatments currently being investigated. The history, etiology, pathogenesis, carcinogenesis, and guidelines for evaluation and management are discussed.     

HPV infection in urology practice

International Urology and Nephrology - Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common pathogen of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While HPV is responsible for low-grade benign lesions in the...     

HPV Status of Oropharyngeal Cancer by Combination HPV DNA/p16 Testing: Biological Relevance of Discordant Results

Background and Purpose

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes up to 70 % of oropharyngeal cancers (OSCC). HPV positive OSCC has a more favorable outcome, thus HPV status is being used to guide treatment and predict outcome. Combination HPV DNA/p16^ink4 (p16) testing is commonly used for HPV status, but there are no standardized methods, scoring or interpretative criteria. The significance of discordant (HPV DNA positive/p16 negative and HPV DNA negative/p16 positive) cancers is controversial. In this study, 647 OSCCs from 10 Australian centers were tested for HPV DNA/p16 expression. Our aims are to determine p16 distribution by HPV DNA status to inform decisions on p16 scoring and to assess clinical significance of discordant cancers.

Methods

HPV DNA was identified using a multiplex tandem HPV E6 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and p16 expression by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.

Results

p16 distribution was essentially bimodal (42 % of cancers had ≥70 % positive staining, 52 % <5 % positive, 6 % between 5 and 70 %). Cancers with 5 to <50 % staining had similar characteristics to the p16 negative group, and cancers with 50 to <70 % staining were consistent with the ≥70 % group. Using a p16 cut-point of 50 %, there were 25 % HPV DNA positive/p16 negative cancers and 1 % HPV DNA negative/p16 positive cancers. HPV DNA positive/p16 negative cancers had outcomes similar to HPV DNA negative/p16 negative cancers.

Conclusions

50 % is a reasonable cut-point for p16; HPV DNA positive/p16 negative OSCCs may be treated as HPV negative for clinical purposes; HPV DNA/p16 testing may add no prognostic information over p16 alone.

     

HPV Status of Oropharyngeal Cancer by Combination HPV DNA/p16 Testing: Biological Relevance of Discordant Results

Background and Purpose

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes up to 70 % of oropharyngeal cancers (OSCC). HPV positive OSCC has a more favorable outcome, thus HPV status is being used to guide treatment and predict outcome. Combination HPV DNA/p16^ink4 (p16) testing is commonly used for HPV status, but there are no standardized methods, scoring or interpretative criteria. The significance of discordant (HPV DNA positive/p16 negative and HPV DNA negative/p16 positive) cancers is controversial. In this study, 647 OSCCs from 10 Australian centers were tested for HPV DNA/p16 expression. Our aims are to determine p16 distribution by HPV DNA status to inform decisions on p16 scoring and to assess clinical significance of discordant cancers.

Methods

HPV DNA was identified using a multiplex tandem HPV E6 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and p16 expression by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.

Results

p16 distribution was essentially bimodal (42 % of cancers had ≥70 % positive staining, 52 % <5 % positive, 6 % between 5 and 70 %). Cancers with 5 to <50 % staining had similar characteristics to the p16 negative group, and cancers with 50 to <70 % staining were consistent with the ≥70 % group. Using a p16 cut-point of 50 %, there were 25 % HPV DNA positive/p16 negative cancers and 1 % HPV DNA negative/p16 positive cancers. HPV DNA positive/p16 negative cancers had outcomes similar to HPV DNA negative/p16 negative cancers.

Conclusions

50 % is a reasonable cut-point for p16; HPV DNA positive/p16 negative OSCCs may be treated as HPV negative for clinical purposes; HPV DNA/p16 testing may add no prognostic information over p16 alone.

     

Reactivation of Latent HPV Infections After Renal Transplantation

Female renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have an increased risk for developing human papillomavirus (HPV)–related (pre)malignant lesions of the genital tract. This study aims to assess the genital prevalence of HPV before and after renal transplantation (RT). In female patients who were counseled for RT at the Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands, gynecological examination was performed at first visit, and 1 and 2 years later. HPV self‐sampling and questionnaires on sexual behavior were performed every 3 months. In 65 patients who underwent RT, the high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) prevalence as assessed with the highly sensitive SPF₁₀ ‐LiPA₂₅ test increased significantly from 19% before to 31% after RT (p = 0.045). Based upon the clinically validated Cobas 4800 HPV test, the hrHPV prevalence increased from 10% before to 14% after RT (p = 0.31). During follow‐up, no changes in sexual behavior were reported. Thirty‐three patients who did not undergo RT showed a hrHPV prevalence of 21% at study entry and of 27% after 12 months with the sensitive test, and a stable prevalence of 16% with the clinically validated test. The results of this study indicate that activation of latent HPV infections may contribute to the increased risk of HPV‐related (pre)malignant lesions in female RTRs.     

HPV疫苗预防宫颈癌的应用研究

宫颈癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤,严重威胁着全世界女性的健康。研究表明高危型HPV的持续感染是诱发宫颈癌的关键因素。随着预防医学研究的推进,HPV预防性疫苗得以问世,并已在全世界诸多国家上市使用,使得未来宫颈癌的预防成为可能。目前已上市的HPV预防性疫苗包括四价疫苗Gardasil、二价疫苗Cervarix、九价疫苗Gardasil 9。本文对HPV预防性疫苗的应用研究进行系统阐述。