保留残束重建前交叉韧带临床疗效分析

[目的]探讨保留前交叉韧带残束在重建前交叉韧带中的近期临床疗效及意义.[方法]2006年10月～ 2009年10月保留残束重建前交叉韧带39例,其中运动伤3例,交通事故伤24例,生活扭伤12例.男27例,女12例,年龄18 ～52岁,平均31岁.关节镜下发现前内侧束断裂13例,后外侧束断裂26例;在股骨髁间窝处ACL上止点断裂29例,在胫骨止点断裂10例.采用半腱肌、股薄肌肌腱重建单束前交叉韧带,均保留原前交叉韧带残束,胫骨端、股骨端采用可吸收挤压螺钉固定.[结果]本组39例患者术后均得到随访13 ～28个月,平均24个月,膝关节功能均得到明显改善,稳定性增强.Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前平均70.5分,终末随访平均93.8分,术后提高23.3分.前抽屉试验阴性39例;Lachman试验阴性37例,弱阳性2例.按BRISTOL膝关节评分系统对术后疗效评分,优35例,良4例.[结论]对于前交叉韧带部分纤维束断裂患者行关节镜下保留残束的重建,能够促进移植韧带的再血管化及本体神经感受器的建立,有利于术后膝关节早期的康复训练.     

保留残端半腱肌和股薄肌双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下半腱肌股薄肌保留残端双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法回顾自2006年1月～2008年1月,本组在关节镜下联合应用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL患者20例其中男18例,女2例,年龄17～46岁(平均31.5岁)。取腱器分别切取半腱肌、股薄肌编织成股,保留前叉韧带在股骨、胫骨的附着点残端,于ACL前内侧束和后外侧束附着部分别钻隧道,用半腱肌腱重建前内侧束,股薄肌腱重建后外侧束,以enderbutton悬吊固定股骨端,挤压螺钉固定胫骨端肌腱。所有患者术前及术后12个月行前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果术后随访14～48个月,平均31个月。术前患者前抽屉试验均为阳性,Lachman试验阳性13例,术后前抽屉试验3例屈膝60°位阳性,1例屈膝30°位阳性,其余均转阴性。5例Lachman试验仍阳性,但患者术后无膝关节不稳。2例患者术后胫骨前伤口瘢痕红肿凸起,给予切开引流后良好愈合。用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法评定术后疗效,术前评分为38～49分,平均43.5分,术后14个月为69～92分,平均80.5分,优13例,良5例,可2例,优良率为90.0%。结论应用自体肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL,术后膝关节动态稳定性好,疗效满意。     

保留残余束支及残端纤维重建前交叉韧带

[目的]探讨保留残余的束支以及断端纤维进行前交叉韧带重建的方法及意义。[方法]关节镜下证实前交叉韧带损伤47例,其中部分束支断裂15例,完全断裂26例,韧带松弛6例。对前交叉韧带部分损伤的束支或韧带松弛者予以保留,对完全断裂的残端不做清理,采用自体四股腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带,股骨端采用Rigid-Fix固定,胫骨端采用IntraFix固定。[结果]术后均得到随访,时间12~24个月,平均19个月,术后膝关节稳定性增强,Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前平均68.6分,术后平均94.9分,较术前提高26.3分。Lachman试验阴性43例,弱阳性3例,阳性1例。按Insall膝关节疗效评定标准,优38例,良9例。[结论]保留残余韧带重建ACL,有助于移植肌腱再血管化和本体感觉的建立,有利于维持膝关节的稳定性。     

保留残端自体腘绳肌腱单束解剖重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨保留残端自体腘绳肌腱单束解剖重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的临床疗效。方法 12例患者经关节镜检查证实为ACL损伤,其中完全断裂9例,部分束支断裂3例。对ACL完全断裂的残端稍作清理后予以保留,部分束支断裂的残留束支予以保留,同时对断裂束支的残端予以保留,采用经低位前内侧入路自体四股腘绳肌腱单束解剖重建前交叉韧带,股骨端采用Endobutton固定,胫骨端采用界面螺钉固定。结果本组患者均获得随访,时间9~12个月,平均11个月。膝关节稳定性恢复良好,Lachman试验阴性10例,弱阳性2例;轴移试验阴性11例,阳性1例。末次随访时膝关节活动度0~140°±3.15°(120°~160°),所有患者均恢复伤前运动水平。Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前54~76分,平均(60±5.21)分,术后88~100分,平均(95±3.31)分。结论保留残端自体腘绳肌腱单束解剖重建ACL,恢复了膝关节固有的生理运动功能,并且有助于重建韧带的再血管化、腱骨愈合及本体感觉的建立。     

保留残端自体绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的：探讨保留残端自体绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效。方法15例患者经关节镜检查证实为ACL损伤,其中完全断裂12例,部分束支断裂3例。对ACL完全断裂的残端稍作清理后予以保留,部分束支断裂的残留束支予以保留,同时对断裂束支的残端予以保留,采用自体四股绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带,股骨端采用Endobutton固定,胫骨端采用界面螺钉固定。结果患者均获得随访,时间9～12个月。患者膝关节稳定性均增强。Lysholm 膝关节功能评分：术前56～76（63±8.11）分,术后86～100（94±6.31）分。Lachman试验阴性12例,弱阳性3例。末次随访时膝关节活动度达120°～160°（140°±3.15°）,15例患者均恢复伤前运动水平。结论 ACL重建术中残端的保留有助于重建韧带的再血管化、腱骨愈合及本体感觉的建立,术后膝关节功能恢复满意。     

关节镜下保留残端手术与常规手术重建前交叉韧带疗效比较

目的比较关节镜下保留残端手术与常规手术重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱单束重建治疗66例膝关节ACL断裂患者,其中采用常规手术方法重建治疗37例,保留残端手术方法重建治疗29例。结果 66例均获随访,时间12~28个月。常规手术组及保留残端手术组术后前抽屉试验和Lachman试验比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);采用Lysholm、IKDC评分评价膝关节功能:两组术后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),保留残端组优于常规手术组。结论关节镜下保留残端手术与常规手术行自体腘绳肌腱单束重建治疗膝关节ACL损伤都能获得满意的临床疗效,但关节镜下保留残端手术有利于移植物的再血管化及本体感受器的恢复。     

保留胫骨残端的前交叉韧带重建术研究进展

前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)是稳定膝关节的重要结构,主要由前内侧束和后外侧束构成,亦有报道发现还存在中间束[1].具有限制膝关节过度前移、限制内外翻以及旋转稳定的生理功能.ACL损伤是膝关节常见损伤之一,关节镜下进行韧带重建已是常规手术治疗措施,治疗效果显著,有关重建的手术方法多种多样.近年来,国内外学者提出重建ACL时保留韧带残端,且取得了积极治疗效果.本文就保留残端的相关利弊及手术时机等问题进行如下综述.     

关节镜下保留前交叉韧带残端的前交叉韧带重建

目的探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤后,保留ACL残端,重建ACL的手术意义。方法对37例ACL损伤者应用自体半腱肌肌腱和股薄肌肌腱重建ACL。ACL股骨髁部应用Rigifix方法固定,胫骨侧应用Transfix方法固定。ACL在胫骨侧的断裂残端全部保留;股骨髁处残端前部保留,后部切除。结果37例均获随访,时间12～28(15.7±3.7)个月。膝关节纵向稳定;Lysholm评分:术前47～64(53.2±6.0)分,末次随访90～98(94.7±3.4)分,提高(41.5±2.6)分。术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术前Lachman试验(+)37例,术后Lachman试验(-)33例,弱(+)4例。术前前抽屉试验(+)23例,术后前抽屉试验(-)34例,弱(+)3例;术前轴移试验(+)25例,术后轴移试验(-)37例;IKDC评定:术前C 19例,D 18例。术后A30例,B 7例。结论保留ACL残端重建ACL,有利于移植肌腱的定位;ACL固定于ACL残端后方,避免重建的ACL被股骨髁间窝挤夹;ACL残端纤维缠绕重建的ACL,可以封闭隧道内口,避免关节液对隧道与移植肌腱潜在腔隙的冲刷。     

关节镜下保留前交叉韧带残端解剖重建早期疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下保留前交叉韧带(ACL)残端解剖重建的疗效。方法 2010年8月～2012年2月共收治43例前交叉韧带损伤患者。采用4～5股股薄、半腱肌腱单束重建ACL;股骨端采用Endo-button悬吊固定,胫骨端采用拴桩加挤压螺钉固定。结果术后43例患者全部获得随访,随访时间6～24个月。术后平均10周活动度恢复至90°;术后4个月活动度恢复大于120°,伸直0°。Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前23.6分改善至91.3分。40例患者复查Lachman试验(-),中立位及内外旋位ADT(-),轴移试验(-);3例患者复查ADT(+),前移小于5mm。复查X线片显示骨隧道愈合满意。结论关节镜下保留前交叉韧带残端解剖重建更有利于膝关节旋转稳定性恢复;有效保留韧带残端重建,有利于促进重建韧带的再血管化。保留残端影响定位点的观察,对技术要求较高;否则得不偿失。早期随访关节稳定性恢复良好,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

腘绳肌腱移植单隧道双束保残重建前交叉韧带的疗效

目的:探讨腘绳肌腱单隧道双束保残重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的可行性及近期疗效。方法:自2011年8月至12月采用关节镜下腘绳肌腱单隧道双束保残重建ACL25例,其中男19例,女6例;年龄16～50岁,平均(26.26±9.53)岁;左侧15例,右侧10例;病程1～60d,平均9.6d;新鲜损伤20例,陈旧性损伤5例。新鲜损伤患者均有膝关节肿胀、疼痛,其中前抽屉试验阳性14例,Lachman试验阳性17例。5例陈旧性损伤膝关节疼痛,均有关节不稳,前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性。采用膝关节镜髌腱入路保留ACL残端,前内侧入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用点对点ACL瞄准器建立隧道。隧道股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定,将腘绳肌腱分为前内侧束及后外侧束。通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix和staple固定胫骨端。所有患者术前及术后分别行前抽屉试验和Lachman试验,并采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分评价膝关节功能。结果:25例均获随访,时间12～18个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分:术前25～49分,平均34.08±7.60;术后12个月89～98分,平均94.52±2.86(t=21.29,P<0.01)。术后评分高于术前。结论:腘绳肌腱单隧道双束保残重建ACL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,效果可靠。     

Reduction of Plasma Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin M Concentrations by Immunoadsorption Therapy with Tryptophan and Phenylalanine Adsorbents

Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.     

The multiply injured child

Blunt trauma is the principal cause of childhood death in many developed countries. This review outlines the differences between adults and children with respect to resuscitation and treatment of orthopaedic injuries in a child with polytrauma. Recent advances in techniques of fracture stabilization are reported.     

Development of Selective Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Apheresis System: Immobilized Polyanion as LDL-Specific Adsorption for LDL Apheresis System

Abstract: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is widely recognized as one of the major risk factors for developing coronary heart diseases. Despite intensive development of LDL-lowering drugs, there still exist those patients with refractory hyperlipidemia whose plasma LDL levels are not sufficiently lowered by drugs. LDL apheresis, direct removal of plasma LDL from circulating blood, is thought to be the most promising treatment for such refractory patients. Various techniques, such as the use of an im-munoadsorbent utilizing an anti-LDL antibody, have been used in an attempt to achieve the selective removal of LDL. However, none were widely used because of complications, poor selectivity, and so forth. To establish a safe and effective LDL apheresis system, we chose a synthetic affinity adsorbent as the LDL-removing device. Synthetic polyanion compounds were used as the affinity ligands for LDL adsorbent to simulate the anion-rich sequence of LDL binding sites in the human LDL receptor. Among various polyanion compounds, those polyanions with sulfate or sulfonate groups and hydrophilic backbone were found to have strong affinity for LDL. In contrast, polyanions with carboxyl groups showed poor affinity. Dextran sulfate (DS) was selected as the affinity ligand of LDL adsorbent for its high affinity and low toxicity. The influence of its charge density and molecular weight on its affinity for LDL was suitable. The affinity rapidly increased as the charge density increased, then, reached a constant value. Little affinity was found for either the DS monomer (glucose sulfate) or DS with a molecular weight higher than 10⁴ daltons whereas DS with molecular weights in the midrange showed strong affinity. DS with a midrange molecular weight was immobilized on cellulose hard gel to give LDL adsorbent clinical application. The adsorbent demonstrated an excellent selectivity for LDL and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in vitro. Adsorption of high-density lipoprotein and major plasma proteins was almost negligible. Additional study of the LDL-binding mechanism revealed that DS directly interacts with positively charged sites on LDL, which demonstrates that the nature of the interaction is the same as that of LDL receptor. An LDL adsorption column (Liposorber) packed with an LDL adsorbent and polysulfone hollow-fiber plasma separator (Sulflux) was developed as an efficient LDL apheresis system. Clinical investigation proved that this system is capable of intensively lowering the plasma LDL level without affecting major plasma components.     

Artificial organs 2010: a year in review

In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2010 are organized by category and briefly summarized. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, and the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level."Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide such meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley-Blackwell, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. In this Editor's Review, that historically has been widely received by our readership, we aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.     

Avaliação do clube de revista de anestesiologia por meio de mudanças semânticas

Background and objectives

The interactive approach of a journal club has been described in the medical education literature. The aim of this investigation is to present an assessment of journal club as a tool to address the question whether residents read more and critically.

Methods

This study reports the performance of medical residents in anesthesiology from the Clinics Hospital – University of São Paulo Medical School. All medical residents were invited to answer five questions derived from discussed papers. The answer sheet consisted of an affirmative statement with a Likert type scale (totally disagree–disagree–not sure–agree–totally agree), each related to one of the chosen articles. The results were evaluated by means of item analysis – difficulty index and discrimination power.

Results

Residents filled one hundred and seventy three evaluations in the months of December 2011 (n = 51), July 2012 (n = 66) and December 2012 (n = 56). The first exam presented all items with straight statement, second and third exams presented mixed items. Separating “totally agree” from “agree” increased the difficulty indices, but did not improve the discrimination power.

Conclusions

The use of a journal club assessment with straight and inverted statements and by means of five points scale for agreement has been shown to increase its item difficulty and discrimination power. This may reflect involvement either with the reading or the discussion during the journal meeting.     

Soluble TNFα Receptors Are Increased in Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Hemodialysis and Inhibit Neutrophil Priming by TNFα

Abstract: The oxidative burst of neutrophils from azotemic patients is refractory to priming by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Soluble TNFα binding proteins (TNFR) accumulate in the plasma of azotemic patients. To test the hypothesis that these increased sTNFR concentrations inhibit TNFa priming of oxidative burst activity, we measured plasma sTNFR concentrations in nondialyzed azotemic patients, hemodialysis patients, and normal subjects, and determined TNFa priming of fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated superoxide production in neutrophils incubated in plasma with differing levels of sTNFR. These sTNFR concentrations increased significantly as creatinine clearance decreased and were significantly greater in hemodialysis patients than could be accounted for by loss of renal function alone. TNFα primed superoxide production by normal neutrophils in normal plasma, but this effect was significantly reduced in plasma with increased concentrations of sTNFR. Neutrophils from azotemic and hemodialysis patients were refractory to priming by TNFα in autologous plasma, and incubation in normal plasma only partially corrected this defect. We conclude that sTNFR accumulate as a result of the loss of renal function and hemodialysis and inhibit TNFα priming of neutrophils in azotemic and hemodialysis patients, but that these cells also have an intrinsic functional defect.     

Lymphocytapheresis

Abstract: Leukocytapheresis has long been performed with the centrifugal method. But in 1989 in Japan, the Asahi Medical Co. developed the extracorporeal leukocyte-removal filter, Cellsorba. This filter consists of non-woven fabric, which can remove leukocytes from whole blood during extracorporeal circulation. In the incipient stage, this filter was applied to collagen diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. During the following studies, this filter has been found to have an immunosuppressive effect. Now, it is beginning to be applied to various kinds of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, this filter has recently been recognized to be effective in inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The outline of Cellsorba and the application of this filter is described here.