3D打印铝合金种植手术导板准确度的体外评价

目的 在体外树脂模型上设计并模拟种植体植入实验，分析比较一种新型铝合金材质种植导板与传统树脂导板的准确度差异。方法 选取一名肯氏III类牙列缺损患者并制取硅橡胶印模，灌制超硬石膏模型后使用口内扫描仪扫描，设计并打印20个树脂模型。将患者的锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）数据导入软件（3Shape Implant Studio 2019）并规划该患者的种植方案，设计种植导板。使用3D打印机分别制作树脂与铝合金材质手术导板各一个。通过全程引导手术将种植体植入模型中，植入后拍摄术后CBCT。在软件中测量术后CBCT图像与原治疗计划图像，在近远中面和唇腭面分析种植体相对于原设计在三维线性以及角度上的准确度差异。结果 种植体在金属导板引导下的线性偏差分别为近中（0.51±0.63）mm，远中（0.49±0.58） mm，唇向（1.14±1.40） mm，腭向（1.15±1.42） mm；垂直向（2.09±0.84） mm。近远中角度和唇腭侧角度的角度偏差分别为（1.41°±0.81°）和（1.78°±1.03°）。种植体在垂直向的偏差与近远中角度、唇腭侧角度偏差与树脂导板引导下的种植体偏差有统计学...     

3D打印在口腔美学修复中的应用

3D打印技术可完成结构复杂物体的打印,在口腔修复领域已有一定应用,未来有望替代大部分传统修复技术。在口腔美学修复中如何保证分析设计阶段初设的轮廓外形与颜色等与患者得到的最终修复体一致,一直是困扰口腔医师和技师的难题。3D打印的蜡型、树脂冠桥等可用于美学修复的美学分析和设计结果的输出预告,一对一地传递并指导最终修复体的设计和制作。3D打印的目标修复体导板（TRSguide）既为美学修复制定了可预览的修复蓝图,让口腔医师和技师能检测患者重建的口腔功能和美学的相关信息;又能指导实施符合牙体保存和活髓保护理念的理想牙预备,做到真正的全程精准与微创。这些新的数字化技术进展使得美学修复焕然一新。本文对3D打印在口腔美学修复中的应用进行介绍。     

基于3D打印技术新型金属镂空式种植外科导板的临床应用

目的：探讨基于3D打印技术制作的新型金属镂空式种植外科导板在种植手术中的效果及其精确性。方法牙缺失患者23例,利用新型金属镂空式种植外科导板辅助植入52枚种植体,观测其种植体颈部偏移距离（植入位点）和种植体1年存活率。结果48枚种植体进入预定位置,仅4枚种植体颈部出现偏移,偏移范围在2 mm内,颈部偏移的平均距离为（1.08±0.24） mm。所有种植体均顺利修复。种植体1年存活率为100％。结论新型金属镂空式种植外科导板辅助植入技术具有操作简便、术中冷却效果良好和手术视野开阔等优点,且精确度较高。     

个体化3D打印种植导板在多牙种植中的临床应用

目的:对3D打印种植导板和传统种植导板在多牙缺失种植中的效果进行观察,并评价患者的满意度.方法:30例(83颗牙)缺牙需种植的患者,用随机数字表法分为传统种植导板组(CIT组,15例,42颗牙)和3D打印种植导板组(TDPIT组,15例,41颗牙),CIT组患者采用传统种植导板,TDPIT组患者采用3D打印种植导板,比较2组患者植入种植体的颈部和尖部偏离值、种植体角度偏离值及角度满意度,术后1年牙周袋探诊深度、骨吸收情况及种植成功率.通过满意度问卷调查,比较2组患者对牙种植效果的满意度.采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:TDPIT组种植体颈部和尖部在近远中向、颊舌向和垂直向3个方向的偏离值以及在近远中向和颊舌向2个方向的平均角度偏离值均显著小于CIT组(P＜0.05),且TDPIT组种植体在近远中向和颊舌向2个方向的角度满意度显著高于CIT组(P＜0.05).2组患者术后1年种植体牙周袋探诊深度及骨吸收情况无显著差异(t=1.144,P=0.256;t=1.063,P=0.291).2组患者术后3个月和6个月种植成功率无显著差异(P＞0.05),但术后随访9个月和1年,TDPIT组种植成功率显著高于CIT组(90.48％:100％,x2=4.102,P=0.043).满意度问卷调查显示,TDPIT组患者对种植的满意度显著高于CIT组(86.67％:53.33％,x2=3.968,P=0.046).结论:3D打印种植导板植入的种植体精度、种植成功率和患者满意度优于传统种植导板,适合推广应用.     

3D打印种植导板在前牙区不同术式的精度比较

目的 比较3D打印种植导板引导前牙牙种植在不同术式下的精度。方法 选择21例（32个牙位）牙缺失患者,制作仿真翻瓣与不翻瓣颌骨模型,分为翻瓣组（FP组）与不翻瓣组（FPS组）,分别设计制作牙种植导板,比较两组牙种植体实际位置与术前规划在顶端、底端、垂直向距离的偏差值和角度偏差值。采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果 FPS组与FP组种植体顶端、底端、垂直向距离偏差值和角度偏差值的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与FPS组相比,FP组偏差值更小,精度更高。结论 3D打印种植导板可提高牙种植的精确性,翻瓣与不翻瓣的不同术式对牙种植精度有一定的影响,临床医生可根据实际情况合理选择术式。     

3D打印导板在上前牙种植中的精度评价

目的:评价3D打印导板在上前牙种植的精确度,探讨其临床效果。方法:选取2017年6月—2018年6月在青岛大学附属医院口腔种植科行上前牙区种植手术的60例患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为G组（导板组）和R组（常规组）,每组30例,均在术前拍摄锥形束CT（CBCT）,应用“Dentiq Guide种植导板软件”进行设计。G组制作3D打印导板辅助种植手术,R组行常规种植手术。术后即刻拍摄CBCT,应用“Dentiq Guide种植导板软件”将术前、术后CT重叠,测量术前设计与种植体实际位置差异,采用SPSS 24.0软件包对所得数据进行统计分析。结果:G组共植入46颗种植体,测量偏差角度(2.34±1.03)°,顶部(0.63±0.38)mm,根尖部(0.71±0.38)mm,深度(0.41±0.40)mm;R组共植入43颗种植体,测量偏差角度(6.72±3.65)°,顶部(1.59±0.35)mm,根尖部(2.05±0.92)mm,深度(0.77±0.63)mm。2组在角度、顶部、根尖部、深度的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:应用3D打印导板辅助上前牙种植手术,可提高手术精确度,满足种植修复需要,践行以修复为导向的精确种植理念。     

3D打印导板在射频治疗原发性三叉神经痛中的应用研究

目的:探讨3D打印导板在辅助温控射频治疗原发性三叉神经痛第二支、第三支的临床应用.方法:选取2017年1月～2018年12月原发性三叉神经痛进行温控射频治疗的患者110例;实验组通过3D打印导板精准定位,对照组采用徒手穿刺方式.评估患者疼痛情况及满意度.结果:实验组住院天数、手术时间、术后VAS评分、患者满意度和复发率...     

3D打印美学模板冠边缘适合性的初步研究

目的 研究3D打印制作临时美学模板的可行性,并比较其与DMG Luxatemp、自凝树脂制作的美学模板的冠边缘适合性。 方法 按统一牙体预备标准对3个上颌树脂牙标准模型分别进行2颗、4颗、6颗牙体预备,并翻制超硬石膏模型各26个。分别用3D打印、DMG Luxatemp、自凝树脂制作两联冠、四联冠、六联冠各5个,通过硅橡胶间隙复制法并在体视显微镜下放大40倍测量各组冠边缘间隙值。采用SPSS 20.0软件对实验数据进行统计分析。 结果 3D打印组、DMG Luxatemp组、自凝树脂组制作的两联冠、四联冠、六联冠边缘间隙值之间存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。3D打印组边缘间隙值分别为（78.02±0.65）、 （78.04±0.66） 、 （78.48±0.65）μm。DMG Luxatemp组边缘间隙值分别为（101.24±1.61）、（100.71±1.60）、（99.37±1.38）μm。自凝组边缘间隙值分别为（154.62±9.69）、（155.76±4.39）、（152.34±5.21）μm。间隙最小,适合性最好的是3D组,其次是DMG Luxatemp组,间隙最大,适合性最差的是自凝组。而同种方法制作的两联冠、四联冠、六联冠边缘间隙值之间无统计学差异。 结论 3D打印制作的临时美学模板冠边缘适合性显著优于DMG Luxatemp和自凝树脂。     

口腔修复用金属三维打印件中夹杂物和孔隙率问题分析

目的 探讨口腔修复用金属三维打印件中夹杂物和孔隙率不合格原因，为三维打印口腔金属修复体的加工制作过程控制提供参考。方法 选择44批次钴铬合金和钛合金激光选区熔化（SLM）修复体3D打印件，在金相显微镜下放大100倍测定夹杂物和孔隙的面积分数，分析打印件的孔隙特征和产生不合格的原因。结果 夹杂物和孔隙的面积分数>2.8%的有16批次，不合格率为36.4%。44批次检测样品中未见明显夹杂，不合格均由孔隙面积分数超过2.8%导致。结论 目前口腔修复体加工制作行业对数字化3D打印技术的掌握尚不成熟，加工工艺技术有待进一步提高。     

3D打印导板辅助射频温控热凝术治疗第2支三叉神经痛的临床研究

目的 评价3D打印导板辅助射频温控热凝术治疗原发性第2支三叉神经痛的临床疗效。方法 对52例采用射频温控热凝治疗的原发性第2支三叉神经痛患者进行临床随访研究,其中32例采用3D打印导板辅助穿刺（导板组）,20例采用常规经翼腭窝穿刺（常规组）,记录两组患者的术中穿刺操作时间、手术时间、穿刺成功率、术后即刻疼痛程度（VAS）,采用巴曼神经学研究所分级标准对术后疗效进行评估,并记录术后并发症的情况。随访时间为1年,观察疗效。结果 与术前比较,两组患者术后即刻疼痛均明显缓解,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;导板组患者的穿刺操作时间、手术时间明显短于常规组,穿刺成功率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。根据BNI分级标准,两组患者术后治疗效果的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 3D打印导板辅助射频温控热凝术治疗原发性第2支三叉神经痛,可提高手术成功率,减少手术并发症,具有临床推广价值。     

Transfer accuracy of 3D-printed trays for indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets:: A clinical study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the transfer accuracy of 3D-printed indirect bonding trays constructed using a fully digital workflow in vivo.Materials and MethodsTwenty-three consecutive patients had their incisors, canines, and premolars bonded using fully digitally designed and 3D-printed transfer trays. Intraoral scans were taken to capture final bracket positioning on teeth after bonding. Digital models of postbonding scans were superimposed on those of corresponding virtual bracket setups, and bracket positioning differences were quantified. A total of 363 brackets were evaluated. One-tailed t-tests were used to determine whether bracket positioning differences were within the limit of 0.5 mm in mesiodistal, buccolingual, and occlusogingival dimensions, and within 2° for torque, tip, and rotation.ResultsMean bracket positioning differences were 0.10 mm, 0.10 mm, and 0.18 mm for mesiodistal, buccolingual, and occlusogingival measurements, respectively, with frequencies of bracket positioning within the 0.5-mm limit ranging from 96.4% to 100%. Mean differences were significantly within the acceptable limit for all linear dimensions. Mean differences were 2.55°, 2.01°, and 2.47° for torque, tip, and rotation, respectively, with frequencies within the 2°-limit ranging from 46.0% to 57.0%. Mean differences for all angular dimensions were outside the acceptable limit; however, this may have been due to limitations of scan data.ConclusionsIndirect bonding using 3D-printed trays transfers planned bracket position from the digital setup to the patient''s dentition with a high positional accuracy in mesiodistal, buccolingual, and occlusogingival dimensions. Questions remain regarding the transfer accuracy for torque, tip, and rotation.     

3D打印临时冠在后牙游离缺失种植修复中的应用

目的 观察3D打印临时冠在后牙连续缺失种植修复中的临床应用效果.方法 选择2019—2020年在我院就诊的双侧后牙游离缺失患者共50例,植入同一种植体系统,种植修复时,患者随机分为2组,每组25例,分别为对照组及试验组.对照组为直接完成组,根据印模及咬合硅橡胶完成最终修复体制作.试验组为临时冠组,采用3D打印先制作临时...     

Bioactive amorphous magnesium phosphate-polyetheretherketone composite filaments for 3D printing

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop bioactive and osseointegrable polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composite filaments melt-blended with novel amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) particles for 3D printing of dental and orthopedic implants.Materials and methodsA series of materials and biological analyses of AMP-PEEK were performed. Thermal stability, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry curves of as-synthesized AMP were measured. Complex viscosity, elastic modulus and viscous modulus were determined using a rotational rheometer. In vitro bioactivity was analyzed using SBF immersion method. SEM, EDS and XRD were used to study the apatite-forming ability of the AMP-PEEK filaments. Mouse pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were cultured and analyzed for cell viability, proliferation and gene expression. For in vivo analyses, bare PEEK was used as the control and 15AMP-PEEK was chosen based on its in vitro cell-related results. After 4 or 12 weeks, animals were euthanized, and the femurs were collected for micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histology.ResultsThe collected findings confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of AMP particles within the PEEK matrix with no phase degradation. Rheological studies demonstrated that AMP-PEEK composites are good candidates for 3D printing by exhibiting high zero-shear and low infinite-shear viscosities. In vitro results revealed enhanced bioactivity and superior pre-osteoblast cell function in the case of AMP-PEEK composites as compared to bare PEEK. In vivo analyses further corroborated the enhanced osseointegration capacity for AMP-PEEK implants.SignificanceCollectively, the present investigation demonstrated that AMP-PEEK composite filaments can serve as feedstock for 3D printing of orthopedic and dental implants due to enhanced bioactivity and osseointegration capacity.     

The influence of printing angle on color and translucency of 3D printed resins for dental restorations

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of printing orientation on color and translucency of 3D printing restorative resins.MethodsFour 3D printing resin systems in the available shades (DFT-Detax Freeprint Temp- A1, A2,A3; FP-Formlabs Permanent Crown- A2,A3,B1,C2; FT- Formlabs Temporary CB- A2,A3,B1,C2; GCT-GC Temporary- Light, Medium) were evaluated. Three samples (10×10×1.2 mm) from each material were printed at two different printing orientations (0° and 90°) and polished to 1.00 ± 0,01 mm of thickness. Spectral reflectance was measured against black background using a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 standard illuminant and the 45°/0°geometry. Color and translucency differences were evaluated using CIEDE2000 metric (ΔE₀₀) and 50:50% perceptibility (PT₀₀ and TPT₀₀) and acceptability (AT₀₀ and TAT₀₀) thresholds.ResultsIn general, color changes due to printing orientation at (0° and 90°) were mainly produced by ΔL* or ΔC* . ΔE₀₀ were above PT₀₀ for all DFT shades, FP-B1, FP-C2, FT-A2 and FT-B1. Only for DFT-1, ΔE₀₀ was above AT₀₀. ΔRTP₀₀ values were above TPT₀₀ for DFT-A1, DFT-A3, FP-B1 and FT-B1, but lower than TAT₀₀. The direction of the changes in translucency (ΔRTP₀₀) depends on the material and shade.SignificanceThe selection of building orientation (0° and 90°) for the 3D printed resins influence the visual color and translucency and therefore their esthetic appearance. These aspects should be considered when printing dental restorations using the evaluated materials.