4种粘接剂粘接氧化铝渗透陶瓷基底冠的边缘微渗漏研究

目的 研究不同粘接剂对氧化铝渗透陶瓷基底冠微渗漏的影响。方法 选择40个离体磨牙,常规制作氧化铝渗透陶瓷基底冠,随机分为玻璃离子、树脂加强型玻璃离子、树脂粘接剂和自粘接树脂组。在进行微渗漏实验前对样本进行冷热循环。采用染料渗入法测定冠边缘微渗漏情况,进行统计分析。结果 4种粘接剂粘接氧化铝渗透陶瓷基底冠的边缘微渗漏不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),65%的基底冠发生了微渗漏。结论 树脂粘接剂边缘微渗漏少,是粘接氧化铝渗透陶瓷基底冠的理想材料。     

两种粘接剂对氧化锆全瓷冠粘接效果的比较

目的 比较树脂加强型玻璃离子和自粘接树脂型水门汀粘接剂对氧化锆全瓷冠的临床粘接效果.方法 选取66例患者100颗需要进行氧化锆全瓷冠修复的患牙,随机分为两组(n=50),分别采用3M RelyXTMLuting树脂加强型玻璃离子粘固剂(RelyX L组)和3M RelyXTM U200通用自粘接树脂水门汀(RelyX U组)粘接.两年后复查,检查修复体的固位情况及边缘密合性,比较两组修复的成功率.结果 RelyX L组修复成功率98.0％;RelyX U组修复成功率100.0％,两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 在进行氧化锆全瓷冠修复时,采用树脂加强型玻璃离子和自粘接树脂型水门汀粘接剂均能取得良好的临床粘接效果.     

3种银汞黏接剂抗微渗漏的效果研究

目的检验三种银汞黏接剂应用于粘接银汞修复时,其抗微渗漏的能力,寻找一种简单有效的黏接材料。方法选28颗新鲜前磨牙,在其近中及远中邻面制备边长分别是2 mm和4 mm的长方形,使其龈壁位于牙本质-牙骨质界,牙合壁位于牙釉质。28颗前磨牙按黏接材料的不同分为4组:空白对照组,树脂加强玻璃离子水门汀组,玻璃离子水门汀组,树脂型银汞黏接剂组。充填后,37℃水浴7 d,然后浸入亚甲蓝染色液中,37℃恒温染色48 h,统计其微渗漏结果。结果非参数统计显示实验组微渗漏小(P<0.01),树脂加强型玻璃离子组无微渗漏,与其他组有着显著差异(P<0.05),釉质侧的渗漏低于牙本质-牙骨质侧。结论粘接银汞修复是一项有效的技术,并且用树脂加强型玻璃离子作黏接剂有着更有效的防微渗漏效果,值得在临床推广应用。     

玻璃离子水门汀粘接根汞合金的微渗漏实验研究

目的：通过比较玻璃离子水门汀和银汞合金粘接剂用于银汞合金粘接修复对微渗漏的影响，探讨临床应用玻璃离子水门汀替代银汞粘接剂的可能性。方法：染料渗入试验。结果：玻璃离子水门汀能明显降低银汞修复体的边缘渗漏，与空白对照组相比有极显著差异，与银汞粘接剂组相比无统计学差异。结论：玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金微渗漏小，可替代银汞粘接剂。     

玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金的微渗漏实验研究

目的通过比较玻璃离子水门汀和银汞合金粘接剂用于银汞合金粘接修复时对微渗漏的影响,探讨临床应用玻璃离子水门汀替代银汞粘接剂的可能性.方法染料渗入试验.结果玻璃离子水门汀能明显降低银汞修复体的边缘渗漏,与空白对照组相比有极显著差异,与银汞粘接剂组相比无统计学差异.结论玻璃离子水门汀粘接银汞合金微渗漏小,可替代银汞粘接剂.     

3种黏接剂的微渗漏比较

目的采用冷热循环后染色的方法,比较贵金属、树脂两种不同嵌体材料使用树脂黏接剂、玻璃离子水门汀、磷酸锌水门汀3种不同黏接材料的微渗漏。方法在前磨牙上分别制作贵金属、树脂嵌体各30件;分别用3种不同黏接材料与相应牙体窝洞黏固。将所有试件冷热循环后品红染色,沿嵌体长轴剖开,观测染料渗漏的情况。并测量修复体和牙体边缘的距离。结果各嵌体组都发生了明显的微渗漏。每组的染色都达到了窝洞底并且累及牙本质,龈缘的染色比牙合面深,而树脂黏接剂相对玻璃离子水门汀和磷酸锌水门汀染色浅。结论3种黏接剂经过4000次冷热循环以后边缘都发生了渗漏。染色显示渗漏发生在龈缘的量比牙合面的量大,而其与边缘的宽度未显示明显的关联。     

脱敏剂对水门汀边缘封闭性的影响

目的:评价脱敏剂对水门汀边缘封闭性的影响.方法:对48 颗离体牙进行牙体预备,暴露牙本质,随机分为4组:聚羧酸锌水门汀组、玻璃离子水门汀组、树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀组、树脂水门汀组,每组根据脱敏剂不同再分为Gluma小组、SingleBond2小组、BisBlock小组和对照小组.应用水门汀粘固树脂被粘体于脱敏处理后的牙本质表面.每小组3 个样本.所有样本在50% 硝酸银溶液中渗透6 h,荧光显影12 h 后剖开,测量显微镜下记录银离子渗透距离.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对实验数值进行分析,取α=0.05.结果:SingleBond2组的微渗漏最低;Gluma脱敏剂减少了树脂和玻璃离子水门汀的微渗漏;BisBlock 使树脂和玻璃离子水门汀的微渗漏增加.结论:SingleBond2表现出最好的封闭效果;Gluma和Bisblock脱敏剂对微渗漏的影响与联用的水门汀相关.     

牙本质小管封闭剂对自粘接树脂水门汀微渗漏的影响

目的评价牙本质小管封闭剂对自粘接树脂水门汀边缘微渗漏的影响。方法选择40颗离体牙作为实验对象,按嵌体制作要求制备近中牙合面洞,随机分为5组:A组(对照组);B组(氟保护漆组);C组(Medental牙本质小管封闭剂组);D组(氟化钠甘油组);E组(皓齿脱敏凝胶组)。用自粘接树脂水门汀将树脂嵌体粘于牙本质小管封闭剂处理及未处理的牙本质表面(对照组)。所有样本经冷热循环后染料浸泡,体视显微镜下观察试件微渗漏情况。结果5组均发生了微渗漏,B和C组渗入较深,A,D,E组渗入较浅。结论 Medental与氟保护漆增加了自粘接树脂水门汀的微渗漏值;而氟化钠和脱敏凝胶未降低水门汀的抗微渗漏性能;轴壁的抗微渗漏能力好于龈壁。     

4种玻璃离子水门汀对ITI基台与金属内冠之间粘接力的比较研究

目的：研究4种玻璃离子类水门汀对ITI种植系统标准颈粘接固位基台和金属内冠之间的粘接力。方法将10只金属内冠与10只I T I标准颈粘接固位基台分别使用以下4种水门汀进行交叉粘固：A组为玻璃离子水门汀（日本）;B组为树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀（美国）;C组为暂时粘固用玻璃离子水门汀（日本）;D组为玻璃离子水门汀（德国）;粘固后测试并记录样本粘接力（N）,同时观察并记录粘固界面的断裂模式,最后,对粘接力进行统计学处理。所有内冠和基台经清洗后重复使用。结果4种水门汀的粘接力及由大至小的排列顺序为C组（183.6±29.4） N〉D组（153.4±36.2） N〉B组（144.4±41.1） N〉A组（109.9±25.7）N,其中C组的粘接力最高,A组的粘接力最低,A组显著低于其它3种水门汀（P〈0.05）。对样本的断裂面观察显示,A组和D组样本断裂面发生在水门汀和基台表面之间,而B组和C组样本的断裂面则呈现混合断裂的模式。结论2种玻璃离子水门汀和树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀都具有临床可接受的粘接力,而暂时粘固用玻璃离子水门汀因粘接力太大,不适用对种植牙冠进行暂时粘固。     

3种水门汀早期溶解性比较研究

目的：离体比较临床常用的3种水门汀在早期接触水状况下的溶解情况,并探讨边缘隔湿剂对水门汀溶解性的影响。为临床水门汀应用的远期效果预测提供理论依据。方法：用3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀,登士柏玻璃离子水门汀,松风聚羧酸锌水门汀分别粘接冠与离体牙,并于粘接后3、6、9min后浸泡于人工唾液中,时间持续30d,其间冷热循环3000次,设立隔湿对照组,电镜测量冠边缘粘接剂剩余厚度。结果：3种水门汀的剩余厚度是不同的,树脂加强型水门汀对溶解的改善是显著的。溶解度由低到高依次是3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀,登士柏玻璃离子水门汀,松风聚羧酸锌水门汀。早期接触水对3种水门汀的溶解度均有很大影响,隔湿剂的应用对改善水门汀早期抗溶解性有很大意义。结论：树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀理化性质稳定,溶解度小,是未来充填剂和粘固剂的良好选择。     

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths of Different Core Materials with Various Luting Agents Used for Cast Crown Restorations

The coronal cast restoration continues to be used commonly to restore mutilated, endodontically treated teeth. The tensile bond strength of luting cements is of critical importance as many of failures are at the core and the crown interface. An invitro study with aim to evaluate and compare bond strengths of luting cements between different core materials and cast crowns. A total of 45 extracted identical mandibular second premolars were endodontically treated and divided into 3 groups of 15 each. Specimens in first group were restored with cast post and core (Group C), and specimens in second group were restored with stainless steel parapost and composite core material (Group B) and specimens in third group were restored with stainless steel parapost and glass ionomer core build (Group G). Standardized crown preparation was done for all the specimens to receive cast crowns. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups and were cemented using 3 different luting cements namely, resin cement, polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement (Type I). The samples of each subgroup (n = 5) were subjected to tensile testing using Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min till the dislodgement of crown from the core surface was observed. The bond strengths were significantly different according one way ANOVA (F-150.76 and p < 0.0000). The results of the study showed that the specimens cemented with resin cement in cast core, composite core and glass ionomer core exhibited significantly higher bond strengths as compared to specimens cemented with glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cement. Composite resin core and resin cement combinations were superior to all other cement and core combinations tested.     

Fracture Loads of All‐Ceramic Crowns under Wet and Dry Fatigue Conditions

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that fracture loads of fatigued dental ceramic crowns are affected by testing environment and luting cement. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty crowns were prepared from bovine teeth using a lathe. Ceramic crowns were prepared from three types of ceramic systems: an alumina‐infiltrated ceramic, a lithia‐disilicate‐based glass ceramic, and a leucite‐reinforced ceramic. For each ceramic system, 30 crowns were cemented with a composite resin cement, and the remaining 30 with a resin‐modified glass ionomer cement. For each ceramic system and cement, ten specimens were loaded to fracture without fatiguing. A second group (n = 10) was subjected to cyclic fatigue and fracture tested in a dry environment, and a third group (n = 10) was fatigued and fractured in distilled water. The results were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Results: The fracture loads of ceramic crowns decreased significantly after cyclic fatigue loading (p≤ 0.05); furthermore, fracture loads of crowns fatigued in a wet environment were statistically lower than those in a dry environment (p < 0.05). Crowns luted with a composite resin cement showed statistically greater fracture loads than those luted with a resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Fracture load of the three ceramic systems was found to be influenced by ceramic composition. Moreover, cement and fatigue condition influenced the fracture loads of the crown specimens evaluated in this study.     

Load fatigue of compromised teeth: a comparison of 3 luting cements

PURPOSE: This study compared the number of cycles to failure of central incisors restored with full cast crowns and then cemented with 3 different luting cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen human maxillary central incisors received cast post-and-core restorations. These were cemented with zinc phosphate. The teeth were then divided into 3 groups of 5 samples each. Each tooth had a ferrule length of 1.0 mm and was prepared for a full crown. A waxing jig was used to standardize the load application point on all waxed crowns. Complete cast crowns were cemented to the compromised teeth using 3 different luting cements: a zinc phosphate cement (control group), a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and a resin cement with a dentin bonding agent. A fatigue load of 1.5 kg was applied at a rate of 72 cycles per minute until failure of the cement layer occurred between the crown and the tooth (preliminary failure). The independent variable was the number of load cycles required to create preliminary failure. An electrical resistance strain gauge was used to provide evidence of preliminary failure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The resin cement samples had a significantly higher number of load cycles to preliminary failure than both the zinc phosphate and the resin-modified glass ionomer (P < or = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the zinc phosphate and the resin-modified glass-ionomer cements.     

Effect of cement types on the tensile strength of metallic crowns submitted to thermocycling

The relationship between metallic cast crowns and tensile strength according to cement types submitted to thermocycling was studied. Seventy-two metallic crowns were cast with Verabond II Ni-Cr alloy and cemented in standardized preparations with 10 masculine tapering. Three types of finishing line (45-degree chamfered, 20-degree bevel shoulder and right shoulder) were made with diamond burs on bovine teeth. Twenty-four metallic crowns in each group were randomly subdivided into three subgroups of 8 samples each according to the cement used: SS White zinc phosphate cement, Vitremer resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and Rely X resin cement and were submitted to thermocycling. Retention was evaluated according to tensile load required to displace the metallic cast crowns from tooth preparations with an Instron testing machine. ANOVA and Tukey's test showed a statistically significant difference among luting materials, with greater results for Rely X resin cement (24.9 kgf) followed by SS White zinc phosphate cement (13.3 kgf) and Vitremer resin-modified glass ionomer cement (10.1 kgf). The finishing line types did not influence the tensile resistance of the crowns fixed with the three cements. Increased tensile resistance of metallic crowns fixed on bovine teeth was obtained with resin cement, independent of the finishing line types.     

Effect of adhesive resin cement on design of partial veneer crowns.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Procedures involved in the tooth preparation, impression, and casting of partial veneer three-quarter crowns are considered to be complex. PURPOSE: This study assessed whether a simplified partial veneer crown design, when cemented with a 4-META adhesive resin, had a comparable resistance to displacement forces compared with a conventionally prepared partial veneer crown cemented with a traditional luting agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conventional partial veneer crowns were prepared on 20 natural premolars, and 20 other premolars received modified partial veneer crown tooth preparations without proximal grooves. Artificial crowns were made for these teeth with Students alloy. Half the crowns in each of the 2 groups were luted with 4-META resin; the other half were luted with a zinc phosphate cement. Loads required to displace the partial veneer crowns were recorded after 24 hours and thermocycling, then the mode of separation was recorded for each crown. Average force required to displace partial veneer crowns for the 4 groups were subjected to 2-way analysis of variance and Scheffé test. RESULTS: The 2 groups luted with 4-META resin and the group with proximal grooves luted with zinc phosphate were not significantly different. However, they were all greater than the group without proximal grooves luted with zinc phosphate cement. CONCLUSION: Forces required to displace partial veneer crowns prepared in a traditional manner and those teeth prepared without proximal grooves were similar if the artificial crowns were luted with adhesive resin cement.     

两种粘结剂粘结CAD/CAM氧化锆全瓷冠边缘微渗漏的研究

目的评价两种不同粘结剂在CAD/CAM氧化锆全瓷冠修复中的边缘微渗漏情况。方法制作10个CAD/CAM氧化锆全瓷冠,随机分成2组,分别采用磷酸锌水门汀粘结剂和Panavia F树脂粘结剂粘固于前磨牙,经温度循环试验后,将样本浸入2%品红溶液中24h,用体视显微镜观察牙-粘结剂界面边缘微渗漏状况,并进行分级评估。结果采用SPSS 17.0软件对2组的微渗漏程度进行统计分析,得出Panavia F树脂粘结剂微渗漏小于磷酸锌水门汀粘结剂(χ2=81.142,P<0.05)。结论 Panavia F树脂粘结剂具有较优越的抗边缘微渗漏性能。     

3种不同金属烤瓷冠适合性的对照研究

目的对镍铬合金烤瓷冠、贵金属合金烤瓷冠和金沉积烤瓷冠的边缘适合性进行研究,为临床应用提供一定的理论依据和指导。方法分别制作镍铬合金烤瓷冠、贵金属合金烤瓷冠和金沉积烤瓷冠各8个,将3种烤瓷冠在无水酒精中超声清洁5 min,用聚羧酸锌黏固剂按编号将全冠黏固于各自的塑料代型上,指压就位维持10 min。将黏有冠的塑料代型用自凝塑料包埋制成小方块,用金刚砂片切机沿代型底座唇舌向直径纵剖,抛光后备测。在扫描电镜下,放大120～200倍观察冠组织面与代型粘接面间的黏固剂厚度。结果金沉积烤瓷冠与贵金属合金烤瓷冠的整体黏固剂厚度无统计学差异（P>0.05）,但二者均与镍铬合金烤瓷冠的整体黏固剂厚度有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论金沉积烤瓷冠与贵金属合金烤瓷冠的边缘适合性优于镍铬合金烤瓷冠。     

Retentive force and microleakage of stainless steel crowns cemented with three different luting agents

The aim of this investigation was to compare the tensile strength, microleakage, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) evaluations of SSCs cemented using different adhesive cements on primary molars. Sixty-three extracted primary first molars were used. Tooth preparations were done. Crowns were altered and adapted for investigation purpose, and then cemented using glass ionomer cement (Aqua Meron), resin modified cement (RelyX Luting), and resin cement (Panavia F) on the prepared teeth. Samples were divided into two groups of 30 samples each for tensile strength and microleakage tests. The remaining three samples were used for SEM evaluation. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The statistical analysis of ANOVA revealed significant differences among the groups for both tensile strength and microleakage tests (p < 0.05). Tukey test showed statistically significant difference between Panavia F and RelyX Luting (p < 0.05), but none between the others (p > 0.05). This study showed that the higher the retentive force a crown possessed, the lower would be the possibility of microleakage.     

电阻应变花测量法研究2种不同材料对全冠的力学性能影响

目的探讨两种不同合金对固定义齿刚性及粘结层破坏负荷的影响。方法制作带有悬臂梁的轴面厚度为1.0mm的铸造钴铬合金及金合金冠试件各5个,采用电阻应变花测量法分别检测冠在试戴和玻璃离子水门汀粘结状态下、咬合面中央和悬臂梁末端加载时的应力-应变情况及粘结层的破坏负荷。结果粘结状态下悬臂梁末端负荷时冠的应变较试戴时显著减小,在悬臂梁正下方应变最大。两种不同合金冠的应变及粘结层的破坏负荷无显著性差异。结论固定义齿粘结后其刚性增强;悬臂梁末端受力更易造成冠的变形和粘结层的破坏。     

Microleakage and marginal gap of adhesive cements for noble alloy full cast crowns

Very limited comparative information about the microleakage in noble alloy full cast crowns luted with different types of adhesive resin cements is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and marginal gap of two self-adhesive resin cements with that of other types of adhesive luting cements for noble alloy full cast crowns. Fifty noncarious human premolars and molars were prepared in a standardized manner for full cast crown restorations. Crowns were made from a noble alloy using a standardized technique and randomly cemented with five cementing agents as follows: 1) GC Fuji Plus resin-modified glass ionomer cement, 2) Panavia F 2.0 resin cement, 3) Multilink Sprint self-adhesive resin cement, 4), Rely X Unicem self-adhesive resin cement with pretreatment, and 5) Rely X Unicem with no pretreatment. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for two weeks and then subjected to thermocycling. They were then placed in a silver nitrate solution, vertically cut in a mesiodistal direction and evaluated for microleakage and marginal gap using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn multiple range test at a p<0.05 level of significance. The Rely X Unicem (with or with no pretreatment) exhibited the smallest degree of microleakage at both tooth-cement and cement-crown interfaces. The greatest amount of microleakage was found for Panavia F 2.0 resin cement followed by GC Fuji Plus at both interfaces. No statistically significant difference in the marginal gap values was found between the cementing agents evaluated (p>0.05). The self-adhesive resin cements provided a much better marginal seal for the noble alloy full cast crowns compared with the resin-modified glass ionomer or dual-cured resin-based cements.