不同表面形貌掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层钛种植体的体内实验研究

目的:观察不同微弧氧化时间处理对纯钛表面形成的掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层表面形貌的影响,以及不同表面形貌特征对其表面成骨特性的影响。方法:经5、10、15 min 3种微弧氧化时间在钛表形成3组掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层,分别采用扫描电镜观察表面形貌;采用表面粗糙度仪测量涂层表面粗糙度数值。然后再将3种钛种植体植入新西兰兔体内,术后4、12周取材,采用组织染色法观察植入体表面骨形成情况和骨接触率(Bone Implant Contact,BIC)。结果:随着微弧氧化时间的延长,涂层表面形貌成多孔状且越加不规则,粗糙度增加;丽春红染色显示4周时植入体表面有新骨形成,12周时转化为成熟的骨组织并与涂层形成紧密的骨结合。随植入时间的延长种植体表面骨接触率逐渐增加,而且15 min组和10 min组的骨接触率在第4周和12周均高于5 min组。结论:不同微弧氧化时间可以改变掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层的表面特性,而粗化的的涂层表面结构有利于骨组织的形成。     

掺镁羟基磷灰石涂层对种植体骨结合的影响

目的用荧光显微镜分析掺镁羟基磷灰石涂层对种植体骨结合的影响。方法将20个种植体分为2组,每组10个。一组为掺镁羟基磷灰石(magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite,Mg-HA)涂层种植体;一组为纯羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)涂层种植体。涂层均采用电化学沉积技术制备。种植体植入成年兔股骨内。在种植术后第7天给予盐酸土霉素;在术后第28天给予茜素氨羧络合剂;在术后第46天给予钙黄绿素。8周后取出股骨,制备硬组织切片,然后行荧光显微观察,分析两组种植体表面的骨沉积率(bone mineral apposition rate,MAR)、骨面积率(bone area ratio,BAR)、骨接触率(bone to implant contact,BIC)是否存在差异。结果荧光显微观察显示两组种植体周围均有广泛新骨形成。种植术后第7天至53天,Mg-HA组的MAR、BAR大于HA组,但两者间无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后第7天和第28天,Mg-HA组的BIC大于HA组,两者间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论与HA涂层相比,Mg-HA涂层可促进种植体的早期骨结合。     

生物陶瓷涂层牙种植体的稳定性研究进展

种植牙的表面处理有利于早期负荷，种植体表面工程包括表面形态设计、粗糙度控制、氮化处理、钝化处理等，其中较重要的研究方向之一就是表面涂层技术。羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite，HA)是一种生物相容性和活性很好的生物陶瓷材料，植入骨组织中的lu可以通过离子交换形式和骨组织结合成一个整体。因此，在钛种植牙表面形成HA涂层，所制成的牙种植体不需要像钛种植牙那样设计机械固位形，     

褪黑素对纯钛超声微弧氧化膜层体内植入骨结合的影响

目的 :将具有骨诱导活性的褪黑素引入纯钛超声微弧氧化膜层中,通过动物实验观察能否提高早期骨整合能力。方法:纯钛表面制备超声微弧氧化膜层(A组),再以硅烷为偶联剂(B组),进一步组装褪黑素(C组),植入新西兰大白兔的双侧下颌骨中2、4和6周,利用CBCT、扭力实验、甲苯胺蓝染色观察各组的种植体-骨界面早期成骨情况。结果:纯钛超声微弧氧化膜层经硅烷偶联褪黑素制备的复合膜层表面保留微弧氧化的微孔形貌,增加了利于骨生成和生长的硅、碳和氮元素。添加褪黑素膜层骨结合能力最好,植入4周时的骨结合力达到峰值,其余2组植入6周时的骨结合力才达到峰值。添加褪黑素种植体骨界面新骨形成更早、骨量更多。结论:以硅烷为偶联剂在纯钛表面超声微弧氧化膜层表面组装褪黑素,获得的复合膜层种植体,能加速早期的骨组织的形成,具有更好的生物活性。     

表面氧化处理钛种植体—骨界面动物实验观察

为了确定氧化钛种植体的愈合过程 ,作者将氧化钛种植体作为研究对象 ,羟基磷灰石涂层种植体作为对照 ,将种植体植入成犬股骨中 ,在术后 1月、2月、3月、4月处死动物 ,通过扫描电镜观察标本 .结果发现 :在种植后 1月 ,HA涂层的种植体与骨组织已有较好的初期愈合 ,氧化钛材料的初期骨组织愈合不如 HA涂层的种植体 ,在4个月的标本中 ,氧化钛涂层的种植体与 HA涂层的种植体无明显差异 ,均达到良好的骨性结合 .     

复合玻璃梯度涂层种植体的实验研究

目的:研究亚音速火焰喷涂方法制备的三种表面复合梯度涂层种植体的骨结合界面情况.方法:在钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)表面形成三组涂层种植体,8Ti2G组:表面喷涂80％钛(Ti)粉+20％玻璃(G)粉(质量比=8∶2);HA组:喷涂80％钛(Ti)粉+20％玻璃(G)粉作为底层,在其上喷涂100％羟基磷灰石(HA)粉;8H2B组:喷涂80％钛(Ti)粉+20％玻璃(G)粉作为底层,在其上喷涂80％羟基磷灰石(HA)粉+20％生物活性玻璃(BG)粉.选择8只3月龄的杂种犬,拔除双侧下颌前磨牙,待拔牙创愈合后,将三组种植体分别植入双侧无牙区的下颌骨内,术后4周和12周分别处死犬4只.采用大体观察、组织学等方法观察种植体与骨的结合情况.结果:X射线显示在所有种植体周围无明显阴影,8Ti2G底釉涂层具有良好的生物相容性,8Ti2G/HA和8Ti2G/8H2B涂层种植体与骨组织均形成骨性结合,同一观察期,界面骨结合率比较有差异.结论:8Ti2G/8H2B种植体达到生物活性梯度变化,孔隙结构梯度变化.该研究为生物复合涂层的应用提供理论依据.     

含镁羟基磷灰石涂层对卵巢摘除大鼠种植体骨整合的影响

目的探讨羟基磷灰石涂层(hydroxyapatite,HA)中加入镁元素对植入卵巢摘除(ovariectomized,OVX)大鼠体内种植体的稳固性的影响。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备种植体表面涂层,对照组为传统的羟基磷灰石涂层,实验组为用镁元素替代羟基磷灰石中10%钙元素的涂层(magnesium-containing hydroxyapatite,MgHA)。另取18只OVX大鼠,随机分为2组,一组在双侧股骨远心端各植入1枚HA涂层种植体,另一组则植入MgHA涂层种植体。12周后,连同周围骨组织取出种植体进行组织形态计量分析、Micro-CT评价、生物力学测试。结果 MgHA组骨-种植体接触率、骨面积比率分别为(52.57±4.73)%、(36.76±3.31)%,HA组为(34.06±5.20)%、(27.26±2.92)%;MgHA组的最大推出强度、界面剪切强度为(63.98±4.08)N,(2.63±0.25)N/mm2,HA组为(41.44±7.07)N,(2.22±0.33)N/mm2,P<0.01。此外,MgHA组骨体积分数(24.5±6.1)%、骨小梁厚度(80.6±11.9)μm、骨小梁数量(5.8±0.5)mm-1、骨小梁分离度(194.7±38.2)μm、连接密度(51.9±5.6)mm-3、骨整合率(58.6±6.2)%;而HA组为(16.6±4.3)%、(68.4±10.3)μm、(5.2±0.6)mm-1、(220.8±30.6)μm、(44.1±4.5)mm-3、(45.1±3.8)%,除骨小梁分离度无统计学差异外,其余P<0.05。结论镁元素能改善骨质疏松骨中种植体的生物性能。     

钛合金种植体加载环形多肽生物涂层对早期骨结合影响研究

目的    探讨超声微弧氧化技术与多巴胺化学偶联技术复合,在钛合金种植体表面构建环形多肽涂层对早期骨结合的影响。方法    钛合金种植体螺钉表面制备超声微弧氧化涂层（A组）、超声微弧氧化涂层表面多巴胺化学偶联（B组）及在B组基础上加载环形多肽涂层（C组）,植入家兔下颌骨内,通过锥形束CT（CBCT）、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、扭力实验来观察3组不同涂层种植体的早期成骨情况。结果    CBCT显示,植入8周时C组种植体周围骨密度明显高于A、B两组。扫描电镜及能谱分析仪观察表明,C组种植体表面膜层变厚,新生骨明显增加,且C组种植体表面增加了利于骨生长的Ca、P元素。扭力实验表明,种植体植入8周时C组的扭力值明显高于A、B两组,且差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    在钛合金种植体表面加载环形多肽的复合膜层对早期成骨有明显的促进作用。     

微弧氧化钛基体含Si、Ca涂层的表征及植入兔胫骨影像学和力学性能研究

目的:观察及评价含Si、Ca涂层的微弧氧化钛基体的涂层表征及其骨结合性。方法:在纯钛基体上通过微弧氧化(microarc arc oxidation MAO)的方法制备含Si、Ca元素的涂层并对其进行表征。根据国家标准将该材料植入兔胫骨,在植入后4、8、12周进行X射线及力学性能评价。结果:涂层表面成功的引入了Si、Ca元素。X射线显示材料植入后无炎症效果,力学性能测试表明该材料与骨的结合力高于纯钛种植体。结论:含Si、Ca涂层的微弧氧化钛种植体与骨结合性能良好。     

羟基磷灰石涂层种植体—骨界面的生物力学研究

本项研究选用氧化铝作为种植体基体．在850℃和1050℃下分别在其表面烧结羟基磷灰石(简称HA)．制成HA1和HA2涂层种植体．以纯钛作对照。狗股骨穿皮质种植1、3、6个月后取材，行顶出试验．并对测试后的破坏断面行扫描电镜观察。结果发现：两种HA涂层种植体具有较好的生物力学性能．能在种植早期加速新骨形成、钙化，达到较高的界面结合强度；涂层种植体在顶出试验后．断裂发生在涂层材料内，而纯钛则发生在种植体—骨组织界面；涂层种植体的界面力学性能和烧结温度有关．HA2涂层种植体在各种植程期的界面结合强度均高于HA1涂层种植体。     

应用IBAD方法制备纯钛表面多孔TCP／HA涂层材料的微观分析

目的:为了改善钛种植体的生物相容性,对纯钛表面沉积多孔磷酸三钙/羟基磷灰石(Tricalciumphosphate/hydroxyapatite,TCP/HA)复合涂层材料的表面结构和化学成分进行分析,并与沉积羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HA)的钛表面进行对比。方法:用离子束辅助沉积方法(Ionbeamassisteddeposition,IBAD)在纯钛表面沉积HA和TCP/HA涂层材料,通过扫描电镜(Scanningelectronmicroscope,SEM)、原子力显微镜(Atomicforcemicroscopy,AFM)、X射线能谱分析(EnergydispersiveX-rayanalysis,EDX)以及X射线衍射(X-raydiffraction,XRD)技术,检测两种涂层材料表面的微观形态和化学成分,并进行比较。结果:SEM和AFM显示TCP/HA涂层材料表面存在多孔结构,表面化学成分分析显示TCP/HA涂层的钙磷比低于HA,XRD证实TCP/HA涂层内同时存在TCP和HA两种化合物。结论:用IBAD方法在纯钛表面成功地沉积了具有多孔结构的TCP/HA复合涂层材料,该涂层材料和基体材料的结合牢固,改善了基体材料的生物相容性,是一种有应用前景的种植体表面涂层材料。     

聚多巴胺仿生掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层的制备及对骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:通过修饰聚多巴胺并结合仿生矿化法在钛合金表面制备掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层,体外评价该复合材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的调控作用。方法:采用两步法制备掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射图谱、拉曼光谱和接触角测量等材料表征证实钛合金表面聚多巴胺仿生掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层的形成。将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞与各组材料直接培养,通过免疫荧光染色观察细胞黏附情况;MTT实验检测各组细胞的增殖情况;细胞碱性磷酸酶半定量和定性测试探究细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性;qPCR测定细胞成骨基因的表达量。结果:材料表征显示聚多巴胺仿生掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层的成功制备。该复合材料可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞黏附以及细胞增殖活性(P<0.05)。聚多巴胺-掺锶羟基磷灰石组表面的细胞有更高的细胞碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。实时定量PCR显示该复合材料表面细胞在第7d的ALP、COL-Ⅰ、BSP和RUNX2表达量均高于其他三组(P<0.05)。结论:结合聚多巴胺以及仿生矿化法可制备聚多巴胺仿生掺锶羟基磷灰石涂层。体外实验证实该复合材料有利于骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附和增殖,且对细胞成骨分化有正向调控作用。     

Biological responses in osteoblast-like cell line according to thin layer hydroxyapatite coatings on anodized titanium

Several features of the implant surface, such as roughness, topography and composition play a relevant role in implant integration with bone. This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of various thin layer hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on anodized Ti surfaces on the biological responses of a human osteoblast-like cell line (MG63). MG63 cells were cultured on 100 nm HA (100 nm HA coating on anodized surface), 500-700 nm HA (500-700 nm HA coating on anodized surface), 1 mum HA (1 mum HA coating on anodized surface) and anodize (non-HA coating on anodized surface) Ti. The morphology of these cells was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cDNAs prepared from the total RNAs of the MG63 were hybridized into a human cDNA microarray (1152 elements). The appearances of the surfaces observed by SEM were different on each of the four dental substrate types. MG63 cells cultured on 100 nm HA, 1 mum HA and anodize exhibited cell-matrix interactions. It was 500-700 nm HA surface showing cell-cell interaction. In the expression of genes involved in osseointegration, several genes, including bone morphogenetic protein 2, latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1, catenin (cadherin-associated protein), integrin, PDGFRB and GDF-1 growth differentiation factor 1 were up-regulated on the different surfaces. Several genes, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, fibroblast growth factor 12 and CD4 were down-regulated on the different surfaces. The attachment and expression of key osteogenic regulatory genes were enhanced by the surface morphology of the dental materials used.     

Characterization of apatite formed on alkaline-heat-treated Ti

Alkaline-heat-treated titanium self-forms an apatite surface layer in vivo. The aim of the present study was to materialistically characterize the surface of alkaline-heat-treated titanium immersed in simulated body fluid (AHS-TI) and to examine the differentiation behavior of osteoblasts on AHS-TI. SEM, thin-film XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses revealed that AHS-TI contained a 1.0- micro m-thick, low-crystalline, and [002] direction-oriented carbonate apatite surface. Human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells were cultured on polystyrene, titanium, and AHS-TI, and RT-PCR analyses of osteogenic differentiation-related mRNAs were conducted. On AHS-TI, the expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA was up-regulated as compared with that on polystyrene and titanium (p < 0.05). On AHS-TI, the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNAs was up-regulated as compared with that on polystyrene (p<0.05). The results indicate that the apatite was bone-like and accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of SaOS-2, suggesting that alkaline-heat treatment might facilitate better integration of titanium implants with bone.     

锶磷灰石生物特性的初步研究

目的:锶磷灰石是一种新型的磷灰石类陶瓷,本研究通过动物试验初步探讨其在生物体内的一些特性,为临床的广泛应用提供理论基础。方法:24只新西兰大白兔分为3组,双侧下颌角均造成约6 mm@12 mm@4 mm的缺损,用不同浓度(10%,5%,0)的锶磷灰石修复,术后1月,3月,6月时随机处死1组进行大体观察、X线摄片、组织病理、核素扫描(发射计算机断层术分析),评价其生物学性能。结果:锶磷灰石复合人工骨所致感染和排斥反应均较轻,组织切片上反映随材料的降解,新生骨大量长入现象比羟磷灰石更为明显,且周边软组织内有部分成骨现象,X线片上显示随时间的延长,材料和骨之间的密合度逐渐增加,6月时已几乎融为一体,同时锶磷灰石修复侧较羟磷灰石修复侧核素浓聚现象有明显的差异。结论:锶磷灰石有良好的组织相容性、骨引导性及生物降解性,能提高新骨生成量,具有更好的骨缺损修复效果,并可能有一定程度的骨诱导性。     

Hydroxyapatite coating by electrophoretic deposition at dynamic voltage

The aim of this study was to evaluate hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings produced by dynamic voltage during electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Dynamic voltages from 0 to 200 V were incrementally applied in three interims. The as-deposited coating was sintered at 800 degrees C and its properties evaluated. Structure and phase analyses of both as-deposited and sintered coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The HA coatings obtained by dynamic voltage consisted of two layers. While the inner layer was dense and firmly attached to the substrate and contained fine HA particles, the outer layer was porous and contained bigger particles. Repeated deposition was applied to increase the thickness of the coatings. SEM analysis showed that these coatings were free of cracks. In addition, decomposition of HA coatings was not observed until 800 degrees C.     

Histologic evaluation of threaded HA-coated root-form implants after 3.5 to 11 years of function: a report of three cases

This article presents a histologic evaluation of three hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated root-form implants retrieved from humans after being in function for 3.5 to 11 years. If the coronal portion, where bone loss was observed clinically and radiographically, is excluded, all implants appeared to be well osseointegrated, with intimate contact between the surrounding bone and the coating. There was no sign of resorption or dissolution of the HA coating. The coating had a uniform thickness (50 microm) equal to the thickness originally provided by the manufacturer In the few areas where there was no bone contact, the HA coating appeared to line the implant with no sign of dissolution. The few detached particles had tight contact with the bone, demonstrating the biocompatibility of the HA. The observations from the three reported cases suggest that the HA coating of dental implants may not be susceptible to resorption or dissolution under long-term function.     

Development and evaluation of a new surface treatment method for titanium alloy implants

We developed and evaluated a new method of titanium surface treatment for direct bone fixation of implants. This method consists of hydroxyapatite (HA) flame coating onto a porous titanium surface which is arc-sprayed with pure titanium material in argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The surface roughness of the porous layer was 360 microm, Rmax, and showed higher resistance to blast erosion in comparison with the conventional low-pressure plasma-sprayed porous layers of titanium. The thickness of the HA layer was between 20 and 40 microm considering the balance of bone conduction effect of HA and the possibility of mechanical detachment of the layers from the porous titanium. Short-term animal tests showed excellent results. This new surface treatment method was applied to cementless total hip joints which were used clinically. The results obtained from observations of the retrieved specimens show that the thickness of the HA coating layer is sufficient for the new bone formation after implantation. It was concluded that the new surface treatment method for titanium alloy implants is effective and successful for direct bone fixation.     

The effect of partial coating with hydroxyapatite on bone remodeling in relation to porous-coated titanium-alloy dental implants in the dog.

For inhibition of crestal bone resorption due to stress shielding and disuse atrophy, an hydroxyapatite (HA) plasma coating was added to the coronal portion of partially porous-coated endosseous dental implants. These implants, as well as control non-HA-coated implants were placed in healed mandibular premolar extraction sites in dogs for a 72-week period of function. Histological examination showed that both implant designs became securely fixed by bone ingrowth into the porous-coated apical region of the implants. The plasma-sprayed HA coating resulted in significantly greater bone height formation and maintenance next to the coronal portion of the implant compared with non-HA-coated implants of similar design. In addition, significant resorption of the 20-to-50-microns-thick plasma-sprayed HA coating occurred over the 18-month period of function.