正畸牙移入牙槽突裂患者植骨区的牙CT评价

目的应用牙CT评价正畸牙移入牙槽突裂患者植骨区后牙槽骨的形态变化。方法对3位牙槽突裂患者在植骨前后和正畸治疗后行牙槽突裂裂隙区的三维牙CT检查,分析正畸牙移入植骨区域后,正畸牙位置及牙槽骨的形态变化。结果牙槽突裂植骨术后,正畸牙可以顺利移入植入骨区域,正畸牙的牙根尖位置发生明显的位移,牙槽骨会随正畸牙的移动发生塑形改变,而不仅仅是牙齿在牙槽骨内的移动。结论牙槽突裂植骨及正畸治疗有益于重建牙弓的完整性。     

术前正畸联合可吸收胶原生物膜用于牙槽突裂植骨修复30例分析

目的探讨术前正畸联合术中应用可吸收胶原生物膜对单侧牙槽突裂植骨效果的影响。方法选择牙弓狭窄、上颌前牙舌倾或扭转、牙槽突裂隙不规则、难以进行牙槽突裂植骨术的单侧完全性牙槽突裂患者30例,年龄9-13岁,先进行植骨前正畸治疗,再应用髂骨松质骨加可吸收胶原生物膜覆盖行植骨修复,术后定期拍X线片检查,观察植骨效果。牙槽骨高度评价标准采用Bergland标准进行,术后观察期为1—3年。结果30例患者术后成骨情况I型11例,Ⅱ型17例,植骨成功率达93．3％。结论对于上颌牙弓狭窄、牙槽突裂隙不规则、牙颌畸形严重的牙槽突裂患者,建议先行植骨前正畸治疗,植骨术中联合应用可吸收胶原生物膜可有效提高植骨成功率。     

单侧唇裂结合单纯牙槽突裂二期牙槽植骨与正畸治疗

目的评价单侧唇裂合并单纯牙槽突裂二期牙槽突植骨的长期疗效.方法40例单侧唇裂合并单纯牙槽突裂患者(19男,21女),手术进行时患者的平均年龄为13.8岁,年龄范围8至33岁.根据牙槽植骨手术时裂隙尖牙萌出与否将患者分为尖牙萌出组和尖牙未萌出组尖牙萌出组24例;尖牙未萌出组16例.骨瓣材料采用髂骨松质骨.术前及术后拍摄上颌前部咬合片,术后观察期为1至8年,平均2.4年.以Bergland标准评价裂隙部位的牙槽骨高度.结果尖牙萌出组牙槽突植骨的临床成功率为96%;尖牙未萌出组牙槽突植骨的临床成功率为94%.两组成功率没有显著性差异.结论单侧唇裂合并单纯牙槽突裂患者二期牙槽植骨的疗效很好,尖牙萌出与否不是影响单侧唇裂合并单纯牙槽突裂患者牙槽突植骨临床成功率的主要因素.     

正畸辅助水平向牵张成骨治疗牙槽突裂的临床探讨

目的探讨正畸辅助水平向牵张成骨治疗牙槽突裂的临床效果。方法单侧完全性牙槽突裂患者3例,缺损区域远中节段性截骨,保留其血液供应形成一含牙及种植支抗的骨运送盘,牵引骨运送盘向裂隙侧移动,运用牵张成骨的原理修复牙槽骨缺损。结果牙槽骨软硬组织缺损区完全闭合,牵张区新骨形成良好,支抗牙无明显松动及移位,牙髓活力测试正常,种植支抗稳定无松脱。结论采用正畸辅助水平向牵张成骨修复牙槽突裂临床可行。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者植骨术后尖牙的牵引助萌

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者常伴有牙槽嵴裂,而裂隙侧的尖牙多发生阻生,即使在适当的年龄做了牙槽嵴植骨术,也常会出现尖牙阻生。本文介绍一例单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者经过术前扩弓治疗后进行牙槽突裂植骨,植骨术后正畸治疗完成尖牙牵引助萌。     

唇腭裂患者牙槽突裂的正畸治疗程序探讨

目的:唇腭裂伴牙槽突裂的上颌骨牙列矫正,常存在牙槽突裂隙区牙槽骨塌陷、牙龈高位、植入骨吸收等不理想状态,本研究回顾性分析8例患者,探讨上颌骨牙列矫治的治疗程序.方法:8例单侧牙槽突裂患者,在牙槽突裂植骨术同期行尖牙骨皮质切开,术后以正畸方法快速将尖牙向颌方、唇向移动,牙根移入植骨区.术前、术后1周、尖牙正轴完成后拍摄曲面体层片、尖牙根尖片、上颌咬合片和尖牙区照片,比较治疗前后尖牙区植骨量、尖牙牙根吸收程度和松动度变化;测量裂隙侧尖牙和邻牙之间的龈缘高度差和牙根之间的夹角,采用SPSS 17.0软件包对治疗前后各测量项目进行配对t检验,比较治疗前后结果有无统计学差异,评价植骨效果以及尖牙移动的有效性和安全性.结果:治疗后牙槽突裂植入骨高度均位于相邻牙牙根长度的1/2以上;裂隙侧尖牙牙根与邻牙牙根基本平行,牙根吸收均<2mm,龈缘高度较治疗前改建良好.结论:该治疗程序具有较强优势,在一次手术的基础上,使尖牙安全、有效进入裂隙区,保证了植入骨的丰满度和高度,重建了正常龈缘.     

牙槽突裂的裂隙特点及正畸治疗对唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨术的影响

牙槽突裂是位于唇腭裂患者上颌牙弓处的骨缺损,常发生于侧切牙与尖牙之间。由于先天性裂隙、早期手术治疗所致瘢痕挛缩及唇肌压迫等原因,患者多并发严重的上颌骨横向发育障碍。牙槽突植骨术作为唇腭裂序列治疗中的重要步骤,是修补上颌骨裂隙和矫正上颌横向发育不足的有效手段。众多临床实践及研究发现,正畸治疗的时机选择与牙槽突植骨术的成功率及预后效果密不可分,同时,牙槽突裂的裂隙特点对牙槽突植骨术产生的影响也不可忽视。本文就牙槽突裂的裂隙特点与正畸治疗时机对牙槽突植骨术成功率及预后的影响两方面进行综述,以期为唇腭裂患者临床治疗方案的选择及实验研究的设计提供一定的依据。     

唇腭裂患者牙槽突裂植骨区牙移入的临床观察

目的:探讨牙槽突裂植骨区牙移入的可行性及牙移入的方式,评价移入牙的牙槽骨支持率和移植骨高度变化。方法:选取唇腭裂伴牙槽突裂患者10例,行牙槽突裂自体髂骨植骨术后,分别拍摄植骨后3个月(T1)及牙移入植骨区后(T2)的根尖片,观察牙移入植骨区的情况,测量T1和T2阶段移入牙的牙槽骨支持率,采用SPSS17.0软件包对测量数据进行配对t检验,并参照Bergland四分法评价移植骨的高度变化。结果:①牙整体移入植骨区,牙槽骨支持率为(89.85±2.51)%(T1)和(90.22±2.44)%(T2),牙移入植骨区后的牙槽骨支持率与植骨后3个月的牙槽骨支持率无显著差异(P>0.05)。②移植牙槽骨的高度在牙移入前后无显著变化。结论:唇腭裂患者植骨后,可将裂隙邻近的牙移入植骨区,获得良好的牙槽骨支持。牙的移入有助于维持移植骨高度,提高植骨的成功率。     

CT在唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨疗效评价中的应用

目的 探讨唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨后牙槽骨三维结构,以确保唇腭裂牙槽突植骨术后正畸 治疗的顺利进行。方法 选择唇腭裂二期牙槽突植骨术后半年以上的唇腭裂患者７名,病人的唇腭类型 分别为：单侧完全性唇腭裂６人,双侧完全性唇腭裂１人,牙槽突裂隙为８侧。病人的平均年龄为１５岁, 年龄范围 １１岁至 ２６岁。ＣＴ扫描平面与　面平行,从眶下缘至牙冠的根 １／３,每 ２毫米扫一层并进行三维 重建。结果ＣＴ可以真正反映唇腭裂牙槽突植骨部位的三维结构,能够发现唇腭侧存在的骨骼缺陷,有 利于唇腭裂序列治疗的顺利进行。结论 唇腭裂牙槽突植骨后,正畸治疗前采用ＣＴ这一先进手段进行 裂隙部位牙槽骨高度的三维评价,对于牙槽突植骨后正畸治疗及唇腭裂序列治疗具有十分重要的意义, 使牙槽突植骨的评价进入了三维时代。     

牙槽突裂植骨术后植入骨的定位分析

目的应用牙CT对牙槽突裂植骨术后的骨桥位置进行定位分析。方法选取18名单侧完全性牙槽突裂患者,在牙槽突裂植骨术后3个月对植骨部位进行牙三维CT扫描,将牙槽突裂隙分割后对植入骨进行定位。结果牙槽突裂植骨术后,近远中向上骨桥的数量没有统计学差异（P>0.05）;唇腭向上唇侧的骨桥数多于腭侧骨桥数（P<0.001）;垂直向上,植入骨的骨桥主要存在于裂隙侧中切牙的根中和根尖1/3,而鼻底及近牙槽嵴顶的骨桥数量较少（P<0.05）。结论牙槽突裂植骨术后骨桥的位置主要位于裂隙侧中切牙的根中和根尖1/3处,且唇侧的骨量明显多于腭侧的骨量。     

Segment distraction to reduce a wide alveolar cleft before alveolar bone grafting.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a method for reduction of wide alveolar clefts prior to bone grafting. This method aims to facilitate bone grafting and achieve adequate soft tissue coverage of the graft with attached gingiva. CASE REPORT: Treatment of a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate with a severe alveolar defect on the left side is illustrated. Distraction osteogenesis was used to mesialize the left segment so that the alveolar cleft was reduced to a minimum. After a 10-week retention period, bone grafting of the reduced alveolar defect was successfully performed. After consolidation of the bone graft, the alveolar cleft was found to have an osseous closure with adequate soft tissue coverage. CONCLUSION: In patients with a wide alveolar cleft, soft tissue coverage with keratinized mucosa can be more readily assured by reducing the alveolar cleft by callus distraction to mesialize the lateral segment prior to bone grafting.     

Oral and dental restoration of wide alveolar cleft using distraction osteogenesis and temporary anchorage devices

Closure of large alveolar clefts and restoration by a fixed bridge supported by implants is a challenge in cleft alveolus treatment. A major aesthetic concern with distraction osteogenesis is obtaining a predictable position of the implant in relation to the newly generated bony alveolar ridge. We describe the treatment of a large cleft alveolus and palate reconstruction by distraction osteogenesis utilizing temporary anchorage devices (TADs) followed by a fixed implant-supported bridge. The method consists of segmental bone transport by distraction osteogenesis using a bone-borne distractor to minimize the alveolar cleft, followed by closure of the residual small defect by bone grafting three months later. During the active transport distraction, TADs were used exerting multidirectional forces to control the distraction vector forward and laterally for better interarch relation. A vertical alveolar distraction of the newly reconstructed bone of 15 mm facilitated optimal implant placement. The endosseous implants were osteointegrated and supported a fixed dental prosthesis.In conclusion, the large cleft alveolus defect was repaired in three dimensions by distraction osteogenesis assisted by TADs, and the soft tissues expanded simultaneously. Endosseous implants were introduced in the newly reconstructed bone for a fixed dental prosthesis enabling, rehabilitation of aesthetics, eating and speaking.     

Rigid external distraction using skeletal anchorage to cleft maxilla united with alveolar bone grafting.

OBJECTIVE: Documentation of the application of maxillary distraction osteogenesis using rigid external distraction (RED) with skeletal anchorage combined with predistraction alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in cleft maxilla. DESIGN: Case report. PATIENT: A patient with numerous congenital missing teeth and severe maxillary deficiency related to complete bilateral cleft lip and palate with large alveolar bone defect. INTERVENTION: The patient received preoperative orthodontic treatment, predistraction ABG, and maxillary distraction osteogenesis using RED with skeletal anchorage. RESULTS: Predistraction ABG completely united the cleft maxilla. The united maxilla was successfully advanced by the RED system with skeletal anchorage, despite unsound dentition with numerous congenital missing teeth. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the combination of predistraction ABG and RED system with skeletal anchorage is effective for the treatment of severe maxillary deficiency related to complete bilateral cleft lip and palate with large bone defect and numerous congenital missing teeth.     

Simultaneous maxillary distraction osteogenesis using a twin-track distraction device combined with alveolar bone grafting in cleft patients: preliminary report of a technique

The simultaneous use of cleft reduction and maxillary advancement by distraction osteogenesis has not been applied routinely because of the difficulty in three-dimensional control and stabilization of the transported segments. This report describes a new approach of simultaneous bilateral alveolar cleft reduction and maxillary advancement by distraction osteogenesis combined with autogenous bone grafting. A custom-made Twin-Track device was used to allow bilateral alveolar cleft closure combined with simultaneous maxillary advancement, using distraction osteogenesis and a rigid external distraction system in a bilateral cleft lip and palate patient. After a maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy, autogenous iliac bone graft was placed in the cleft spaces before suturing. A latency period of six days was observed before activation. The rate of activation was one mm/d for the maxillary advancement and 0.5 mm/d for the segmental transport. Accordingly, the concave facial appearance was improved with acceptable occlusion, and complete bilateral cleft closure was attained. No adjustments were necessary to the vector of the transported segments during the activation and no complications were observed. The proposed Twin-Track device, based on the concept of track-guided bone transport, permitted three-dimensional control over the distraction processes allowing simultaneous cleft closure, maxillary distraction, and autogenous bone grafting. The combined simultaneous approach is extremely advantageous in correcting severe deformities, reducing the number of surgical interventions and, consequently, the total treatment time.     

Transpalatal distraction osteogenesis prior to alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients

Alveolar bone grafting is a standard method for treating alveolar cleft. To ensure the best outcome, improving the arch form as well as soft tissue quality in the area around the cleft is recommended. In this study, 11 patients who presented with alveolar cleft and collapsed maxillary arch were treated in the following sequence: transpalatal distraction osteogenesis followed by soft tissue surgery in some cases and by cancellous bone graft. In all cases, transpalatal distraction osteogenesis successfully corrected the transverse maxillary deficiency. One case showed a complete loss of the bone graft. Other minor complications were reported but they did not affect the final outcome.     

应用牙间牵引成骨辅助唇腭裂牙槽植骨术前治疗1例报告

对于牙槽裂隙过宽（大于1个尖牙宽度）、裂隙两侧骨端错位、重叠或存在垂直落差的情况,直接植骨难度大、成功率低。牙间牵引成骨技术能有效减小牙槽裂隙宽度,获得新生软硬组织,为牙槽裂辅助治疗提供了一种新途径。牙间牵引成骨器的设计多样化,应结合病例难易程度选择不同固位方式,在保证牵引方向的同时,力求加力简便有效,牵引器稳固舒适。     

牵引成骨修复牙槽骨缺损的临床研究

目的评估牵引成骨术修复外伤或肿瘤切除术后牙槽骨缺损的临床效果。方法6例外伤或颌骨切除术后骨缺损患者,采用垂直牵引成骨术修复垂直向骨量,牵引成骨3～5个月后植入种植体。结果牙槽骨高度得到有效恢复,种植体与颌骨形成骨愈合。结论牵引成骨术是修复颌骨垂直骨缺损的一种有效方法。     

Application of interdental distraction osteogenesis to unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Distraction osteogenesis is widely used for the treatment of craniofacial deformities. In patients with cleft lip and palate, distraction osteogenesis can be employed to repair the alveolar cleft. In this report, we describe the management of three cases of unilateral cleft lip and palate by interdental distraction osteogenesis. Interdental distraction osteogenesis of the maxillary bone was performed to reduce the width of the alveolar cleft in these patients in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. Tooth-tooth type distraction devices were fabricated and delivered at the same time as osteotomy. Distraction was continued until the midline of the dentition coincided with the facial midline, and until the width of the alveolar cleft was reduced to the width of lateral incisor or had closed. One month after distraction was complete, orthodontic treatment with an edgewise appliance was initiated, and neighboring teeth were moved into the newly created bone. A favorable treatment outcome was achieved in all three cases.     

Horizontal alveolar transport distraction osteogenesis followed by implant placement

Alveolar transport distraction osteogenesis (ATDO) is an alternative treatment method to vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis in cases of large bony defects, especially when the bone is limited in size. ATDO was performed in 10 patients with 12 defects. The mean age of the patients was 39.1 years. The average bone length gain was 18.2 mm. Implants were inserted following a 3-month consolidation period. Three patients needed additional bone grafting for horizontal widening. Final prosthetic rehabilitation was performed at least 3 months following implant insertion. The mean follow-up period was 63 months and the survival rate of the 25 implants placed was 92%. All failures (n = 2) occurred during the early healing period. Although the results are not totally predictable, it can be concluded that ATDO can be effective in the reconstruction of the alveolar crest prior to implant placement.