海南省12岁儿童龋病和氟牙症的流行病学抽样调查

目的：了解海南省城乡12岁年龄组人群恒牙龋病及氟牙症的患病状况,为海南省口腔卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法：采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取海南省12岁城乡常住人口777人,按照《第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中临床龋病和氟牙症的检查方法和标准,检查全口恒牙龋病和氟牙症的患病状况。结果：海南省12岁年龄组恒牙患龋率和龋均分别为49.9%和1.1。农村和城市地区的患龋率分别为49.4%和50.3%,城乡之间的差异无统计学意义;男性和女性的患龋率分别为45.3%和55%,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。氟牙症患病率为3.6%,氟牙症指数（FCI）为0.09。结论：海南省12岁年龄组人群患龋率和龋均较高,氟牙症患病率和氟牙症指数处于较低水平。海南省应加强口腔预防保健工作。     

2005年广东省12岁人群氟牙症抽样调查报告

目的 了解广东省12岁城乡人群恒牙氟牙症状况,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省12岁城乡常住人口720人,男女各半.按照<第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案>中临床氟牙症的检查方法和标准,检查全口恒牙牙冠氟牙症情况.数据采用SAS软件统计,计算出患病率和氟牙症指数.结果 12岁组人群氟牙症患病率为4.44%,氟牙症指数为0.03,城乡和性别的差异无显著性意义.结论 广东省氟牙症患病率和氟牙症指数处于较低水平.     

云南昭通高氟区改灶降氟后氟斑牙患病情况调查

目的：调查云南省昭通煤染型高氟区改灶降氟后氟斑牙患病情况,为地方性氟中毒的防治提供参考。方法：参考第3次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查的基本方法与诊断标准和Dean氏氟牙症分类标准,对云南昭通高氟地区改灶降氟前出生的35～44岁成人和改灶降氟后出生的12岁学生,进行氟斑牙及口腔健康状况抽样调查,调查数据用SPSSl5．0软件进行统计学分析。结果：受检人群总体氟斑牙患病率为91．0％,氟牙症指数为2．58。35-44岁人群氟牙症检出率为100．0％,中、重度氟斑牙者占总数的87．50％,氟牙症指数为3．49,12岁学生氟牙症患病率为86．5％,中、重度氟斑牙者占总数的47．25％,氟牙症指数为2．12,两组间比较有极显著差异（P〈0．01）。在12岁学生组中,无性别差异,但存在城乡差异（P〈0．05）。结论：改灶降氟后云南昭通高氟区人群氟斑牙患病率降低,病情程度减轻,但仍属氟斑牙中度流行区域。建议在改灶降氟的前提下,将健康宣传教育、科学管理和经济文化水平的提高纳入地方性氟中毒的综合防治措施之中。     

2005年天津市12岁人群氟牙症抽样调查报告

目的了解天津市城、乡12岁人群氟牙症流行状况。方法按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,对天津市城、乡12岁人群进行氟牙症流行病学抽样调查。调查项目包括氟牙症患病率和氟牙症指数。调查样本量为774人,其中男391人（城区197人、农村194人）,女383人（城区188人、农村195人）。结果天津市12岁人群氟牙症患病率为63.6%（城区56.6%,农村70.4%）,社区氟牙症指数为1.53,属氟牙症中度流行地区。城区以轻度及轻度以下氟牙症为主,农村以中度氟牙症为主,城、乡重度氟牙症患者较少见。结论天津市为氟牙症中度流行区,并有农村重于城区的趋势,今后应加强饮水除氟工作。     

氟牙症患者周围人群对其社会心理状况的评价

目的通过调查氟牙症患者周围人群，分析氟牙症对患者的社会心理影响。方法随机抽取河北省邢台高氟区12岁、15岁及35-44岁居民178名，进行Dean氏氟牙症指数检查，并对其周围人群进行社会心理问卷调查。结果河北省邢台农村高氟区氟牙症患病率为72．50％（n=178）。家人对“牙齿健康”、“牙齿满意度”及“主观幸福感”的评价在“重度组”（DI≥3）与“轻度组”（DI=1-2）或“对照组”（DI=0，TSIF=0）之间均存在显著性差异。邻居对成人组中不同程度氟牙症患者的评价仅在“牙齿健康程度”（P=0.029）上存在显著性差异。老师对不同程度氟牙症学生“牙齿健康程度”（P=0．026）及“主观幸福感”（P=0.010）的评价存在显著性差异。多元线性回归分析显示家人评价主要与氟牙症程度呈正相关，老师及邻居的对应评价主要与评价者的因素相关。结论氟牙症患者社会心理影响主要存在于中、重度惠者中（DI≥3），家人的评价受到氟牙症程度影响较明显，而老师及邻居的评价主要与评价者自身背景有关。     

对河北邢台农村高氟区氟牙症患者社会心理状况的评价

目的通过评价高氟区不同程度氟牙症患者的社会心理状况,探讨氟牙症对人们社会心理的影响。方法多阶段分层整群随机抽取河北省邢台农村高氟区12、15及35—44岁当地居民共416名进行Dean氏氟牙症指数（DI）的调查,筛选不同程度氟牙症患者178例进行问卷调查,涉及6个五度分法的心理分量表（对牙齿看法、主观幸福感、生活满意度、交往焦虑、自尊影响、行为改变）。结果随着DI记分的增加,受检样本“对牙齿看法”及“主观幸福感”分量表得分呈上升趋势,不同程度氟牙症患者间差异有统计学意义,且主要存在于对照组与重度患者间（P〈0．01）。结论高氟区氟牙症患者在“对牙齿看法”及“主观幸福感”两方面的心理状况受到氟牙症程度的一定影响,并且主要表现在重度患者中。     

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目的调查辽宁省农村20～〈70岁氟牙症人群牙本质敏感的患病状况及其相关危险因素,为牙本质敏感的预防和治疗提供依据。方法2009--2010年在辽宁省新民市氟牙症病区采用随机区组抽样的方法,对800名20～〈70岁居民进行牙本质敏感的临床检查和问卷调查,应用氟离子选择电极法检测居民饮水氟质量浓度,采用Logistic回归分析牙本质敏感的危险因素。结果＇-3地居民饮水氟质量浓度为1．15～1．50mg／L,氟牙症患病率为95．0％;800名20．〈70岁成人完成了牙本质敏感的临床检查和问卷调查,79人被检出牙本质敏感,患病率为9．9％,男女之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。敏感最好发牙位为下前牙,其次是第一磨牙;敏感好发牙面为唇颊侧牙颈部根面暴露处。牙刷使用时间过长是本次调查人群牙本质敏感的危险因素（OR=2．210）。在敏感人群中无人采取治疗措施或去医院、诊所咨询。结论农村人群在饮水氟质量浓度为1．15-1．50mg/L时,氟牙症发病率高,但牙本质敏感患病率较低,此时牙刷使用时间是危险因素。     

广东省35~44岁人群恒牙冠根龋病抽样调查报告(2015—2016年)

目的 了解广东省35~44岁人群恒牙冠根龋病状况,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省35~44岁288人,男女各半,城乡各半.按照《第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中临床牙列检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口恒牙冠根龋病情况,计算冠根龋患病率、龋均、充填率.结果 35~44岁组恒牙冠龋患病率为71.18%,龋均为2.76,充填率为36.78%;根龋患病率为28.47%,龋均为0.66,充填率为4.23%.冠龋患病率、龋均女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义,城乡差异无统计学意义;根龋患病率、龋均的城乡、性别差异无统计学意义.结论 广东省35~44岁成年人恒牙冠龋患病率较高,而根龋患病率虽然不高,但大部分根龋未得到治疗.     

2005年云南省12岁人群氟牙症抽样调查报告

目的了解云南省12岁城乡人群恒牙氟牙症状况,为云南省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取云南省12岁城乡常住人口720人,男女各半。按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中临床氟牙症的检查方法和标准,检查全口恒牙牙冠氟牙症情况。数据采用SPSS13.0软件统计,计算出患病率和氟牙症指数。结果12岁组人群氟牙症患病率为9.58%,氟牙症指数为0.09,城乡差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论云南省氟牙症患病率和氟牙症指数处于相对较低的水平。     

2005年北京市城、乡12岁人群口腔健康流行病学抽样调查

目的了解北京市12岁年龄组城乡人群恒牙龋病、牙周健康及氟牙症状况,为北京市口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市12岁城乡常住人口792人,男女各半。按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案》口腔健康检查中牙列状况检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口恒牙牙冠龋病、牙周健康状况及氟牙症。数据采用SPSS11.5软件统计。结果12岁组恒牙患龋率26.39%,龋均0.47;患龋率和龋均城、乡之间无显著性差异。城市男性低于女性;农村男、女之间无显著性差异。牙龈出血检出率62.88%,人均2.77颗;牙石检出率58.59%,人均3.13颗。氟牙症患病率3.41%,社区氟牙症指数为0.10。结论北京市12岁年龄组人群患龋率及龋均较低,但农村学生的龋齿充填率偏低;牙龈出血及牙石检出率城市学生均高于农村学生;氟牙症患病率和社区氟牙症指数属于正常范围。     

Diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 405–418 Vascular anomalies are congenital errors in vascular development. They frequently involve the head, neck, and oral cavity. Subdivided into vascular tumors (hemangiomas) and vascular malformations, vascular anomalies remain poorly understood. However, growing interest and recent advances in the diagnosis, management, and molecular characterization of these lesions are improving treatment strategies. The role of the multidisciplinary team cannot be overstated. This review provides both basic and up‐to‐date knowledge on the most common vascular anomalies encountered by physicians and practitioners. Because treatment options for vascular anomalies are widely variable and often debated, this report aims to provide a comprehensive approach to these lesions based upon current concepts and practical clinical experience.     

口腔颌面-头颈部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤临床诊治探讨

目的:探讨头颈部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后.方法:回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院2000-09--2010-10收治的12例头颈部胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤患者的临床资料.结果:12例患者中9例获得随访.5例术前化疗患者中3例短期疗效达到PR,1例达到MR,化疗有效率达到60%;8例患者行手术治疗...     

Comparison of etidocaine and lidocaine for control of intra- and post-operative bleeding and pain

Etidocaine hydrochloride, an amide-type of local anesthetic with prolonged duration of action, was evaluated and compared with the standard local anesthetic lidocaine to determine its efficacy of action and its effect on bleeding during and following the removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth. The findings indicate that 1.5% etidocaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 epinephrine, in comparison with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, produces anesthesia comparable to that obtained with lidocaine but results in greater measured intraoperative blood loss.     

Assessment and comparison of phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non-smokers

OBJECTIVES

Tobacco use is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It is also linked to impairment of normal immunologic surveillance and defence mechanism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Tobacco smoke and its components have been seen to affect the phagocytic ability and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggesting the pathogenesis of tobacco induced oral diseases. Aim of this study was to assess and compare the phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non smokers.

DESIGN

The study comprised of 35 smokers and 35 non-smokers, age matched. Saliva was collected by rinsing method and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes were separated. Phagocytic activity was determined by using latex spheres as targets. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue stain.

RESULTS

Salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers showed significant reduction in the phagocytic activity by ingesting few latex spheres when compared to the non-smokers. The viability of these cells in saliva of smokers was significantly reduced.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study revealed reduced phagocytic activity and viability of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers compared to non-smokers. These findings indicate that smokers are more prone to gingival, periodontal and other oral diseases. Thus indicating that the health care professionals should encourage smoking cessation as an aid in preventing oral diseases.     

Comparison of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of glutaraldehyde and formocresol

The in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic concentrations of glutaraldehyde and formocresol were determined. Minimal antimicrobial concentrations of these two agents against selected microbial flora reported in carious primary teeth were 3.125% for glutaraldehyde and 0.75% for formocresol. At a doubling of these concentrations, most organisms, except Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus mutans, were killed by both substances in 30 seconds. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on tissue cultures of pulp fibroblasts and HeLa cells at minimal cidal concentrations and at 10- and 100-fold dilutions. Exposure of pulp fibroblasts and HeLa cells to formocresol and indirect exposure to vapors caused the cells to become atrophic and to form a less dense tissue pattern. Cells directly exposed to glutaraldehyde retained their normal cell shape and tissue pattern, whereas cells indirectly exposed to vapors continued to proliferate. These data showed effective antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 3.125% glutaraldehyde and 0.75% formocresol and suggested that glutaraldehyde may exert a less cytotoxic effect on the immediate and surrounding tissues when used as a pulpotomy agent.