不同方式处理犬下颌磨牙区即刻种植间隙的效果评价

目的: 探讨在犬下颌磨牙区即刻种植中,不同方式处理拔牙窝与种植体之间的间隙后的新骨形成情况。方法: 选择 6 条 1.5~2.0 岁的拉布拉多犬作为实验对象,在每条犬下颌骨中拔除两侧的第四前磨牙和第一磨牙,分别植入 4 颗牙种植体（Astra Tech^®,4.0 mm × 10 mm）。种植体和拔牙窝骨壁之间的近远中间隙分别进行3种处理,分为空白组（NN组）、胶质银明胶海绵（Gelatamp） 组（EN组）和 Gelatamp + 可吸收胶原膜（CM）组（EG 组）。术后12周收集标本,进行显微CT 扫描和组织学分析。采用SPSS 25.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果: 牙种植术后 12 周存活率为 100%。显微CT 扫描结果显示,新骨高度、骨矿物质密度（BMD）、骨体积分数 （BV/TV）、骨表面积骨体积比（BS/TV）、骨小梁厚度（Tb.Th）、骨小梁数（Tb.N）和骨小梁间距（Tb.Sp）等指标,组间无显著差异。组织学分析结果显示,新骨形成面积和种植体与骨接触面积（BIC）在组间无统计学差异。结论: 使用不同方式处理种植体与拔牙窝之间的间隙后的12周内,与空白对照组相比,单独放置 Gelatamp 或与 CM 联合使用,对种植体周围新骨形成、BIC、BMD、BV/TV、BS/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N 及 Tb.Sp 等均无显著影响。     

微/纳米表面对骨质疏松下种植体骨结合的影响

[摘要] 目的 评价不同时间微/纳米表面对骨质疏松大鼠种植体骨结合的影响。方法 机械处理组和微/纳米表面组种植体植入去势SD大鼠股骨远端,术后0、4、12周对大鼠进行活体显微CT扫描。术后12周大鼠处死取材,行组织学分析及生物力学检测。结果 显微CT结果提示,实验组骨小梁数目(Tb.N)、骨体积分数(BV/TV)在4周和12周均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)在12周显著减小(P<0.01)。术后12周,对照组最大拔出力及骨结合率分别是(76.85±12.05)N,(20.73±2.56)%,而在实验组为(99.25±10.42)N,(28.63±1.82)%,统计学结果显示两组结果实验组均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 微/纳米表面有利于改善骨质疏松条件下种植体骨结合。     

增材制造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金种植体骨结合的动物实验研究

目的探讨增材制造Ti-6Al-4V（TC4）钛合金种植体动物体内的骨结合和成骨效果,为进一步临床应用提供实验依据。 方法选择健康雄性新西兰兔42只,以兔双侧后腿股骨髁部为种植体植入区,将实验兔先分为2周（A组）、8周（B组）2个大组,每组21只;每大组中再分为3个亚组,分别为A1组、A2组、A3组和B1组、B2组、B3组,每小组7只。A1组和B1组实验兔双侧后腿股骨髁部分别植入原始表面和表面改性TC4钛合金种植体各1枚;A2组和B2组实验兔植入原始表面TC4钛合金种植体和钛骨种植体各1枚;A3组和B3组实验兔植入表面改性TC4钛合金种植体和钛骨种植体各1枚;使2周、8周均含有3种种植体各14枚。术后2、8周观察并比较分析3种种植体的植入成功率和骨结合情况,观察指标为：骨体积分数（BV/TV）、骨小梁面积密度（BS/BV）、骨小梁厚度（Tb.Th）、骨小梁数量（Tb.N）和骨小梁间隔（Tb.Sp）。对各组不同时段种植体骨界面骨密度指标,使用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行双因素方差分析,验证不同表面、不同时间对种植体骨结合水平的影响,并采用Tukey′s多重比较检验分析组间统计学差异。 结果3种种植体不脱钙组织切片、骨块微CT扫描及光学显微镜观察显示,随着植入后的时间进展,3种种植体表面骨组织的量逐渐增多,分布逐渐变密。2周时,表面改性TC4钛合金种植体组的BV/TV、Tb.N显著高于原始表面和钛骨组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Tb.Th显著高于钛骨组（P<0.05）;BS/BV、Tb.Sp显著低于钛骨组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。8周时,3种种植体的BV/TV、BS/BV、Tb.Th、Tb.N和Tb.Sp差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论表面改性TC4钛合金种植体2周时即能形成更多的骨组织,骨小梁的分布更密集,骨结合能力更强,有望成为口腔种植体的优选材料。     

早期负重载荷下nFA/PEEK种植体周成骨情况研究

目的:探索早期负重载荷下纳米氟磷灰石聚醚醚酮(nFA/PEEK)成骨性能。方法:将nFA/PEEK、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和商业钛柱状种植体各10枚,植入10只比格犬下颌前磨牙拔牙区,2个月后行冠修复,行使咀嚼3个月末和6个月末随机处死获种植体骨标本,行显微CT扫描测定骨静态参数,切片行亚甲基蓝-酸性品红染色观察骨结合。结果:种植体均获得良好的骨结合,切片显示部分牙槽骨深入nFA/PEEK种植体螺纹内,且见成熟骨细胞样细胞和排列规则的新生骨小梁。3个月末nFA/PEEK和钛种植体周围骨密度(BMD)和骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)均显著高于PEEK组(P<0.05)。6个月末nFA/PEEK和钛种植体的BMD、Tb.Th和骨小梁数量(Tb.N)均显著高于PEEK组(P<0.05)。nFA/PEEK和钛种植体周围骨小梁间隔(Tb.Sp)均显著低于PEEK组(P<0.05)。6个月末nFA/PEEK、钛的BMD和Tb.N均显著高于3个月末(P<0.05)。结论:nFA/PEEK种植体具有与钛相当的静态成骨性能。     

高脂饮食对大鼠下颌骨钙﹑磷及羟脯氨酸含量以及对牙槽骨骨量的影响

目的:探讨高脂饮食与大鼠下颌骨钙、磷及羟脯氨酸含量以及牙槽骨骨量的关系.方法:将20只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和脂肪乳剂组,正常对照组予普通饲料及生理盐1 mL/100 g体重灌胃,脂肪乳剂组予普通饮食加脂肪乳剂1 mL/100 g体重灌胃,两组均连续灌胃16周后取大鼠的下颌骨下颌支部分检测骨钙、磷及羟脯氨酸含量,取牙槽骨进行脱钙、切片、苏木精-伊红染色,然后用骨形态计量学方法测量牙槽骨松质骨的骨量并计算牙槽骨的骨静态参数.结果:高脂饮食引起大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)明显升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)则明显降低;脂肪乳剂灌胃使大鼠下颌骨钙﹑磷及羟脯氨酸含量均下降(P<0.05).与对照组相比,模型组牙槽骨骨小梁面积百分数(Tb.Ar)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)和骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)差异均无统计学意义.结论:长期高脂乳剂灌胃可以造成大鼠下颌骨骨矿物质和骨有机质的丢失,但未能引起大鼠牙槽骨骨量发生明显变化.     

“脑回形(cortex-like)”微弧氧化膜钛种植体成骨的Micro-CT分析

目的: 利用Micro-CT评价“大脑皮质”(cortex-like)形貌的二氧化钛膜层在初始稳定性和继发稳定性阶段的骨-种植体结合的能力。方法: 实验组MAO(cortex-like)为 “大脑皮质”形貌种植体,对照组SLA为具有同等规格的SLA形貌的种植体,共计36颗,通过扫描电镜(SEM)等对材料表面进行表征,随机植入18只新西兰雄性兔的股骨髁部,分别于4周和8周处死取样,所得标本行Micro-CT扫描重建,分析MAO和SLA种植体表面的骨结合状况以及的骨小梁形态学参数。结果: 类“大脑皮质”形貌氧化层由微米级沟槽和纳米级孔洞组成,沟槽相互交通,接触角(6.9±1.14)°,Micro-CT检测可见:随着骨结合时间的延长,骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、厚度(Tb.Th)、连接密度增加(Conn.Dn)均增加,结构模型指数(SMI)、骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)下降,第4周时,BV/TV,SMI组间比较差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),第8周时,BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Sp、Conn.Dn值组间比较差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),MAO高于SLA组。结论: “大脑皮质”(cortex-like)形貌的二氧化钛、具有双微层结构膜层,能促进种植体的骨结合的提升,是一种良好的种植体改性方法。     

高脂饮食对大鼠下颌骨钙、磷及羟脯氨酸含量以及对牙槽骨骨量的影响

目的:探讨高脂饮食与大鼠下颌骨钙、磷及羟脯氨酸含量以及牙槽骨骨量的关系。方法:将20只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和脂肪乳剂组,正常对照组予普通饲料及生理盐1mL/100g体重灌胃,脂肪乳剂组予普通饮食加脂肪乳剂1mL/100g体重灌胃,两组均连续灌胃16周后取大鼠的下颌骨下颌支部分检测骨钙、磷及羟脯氨酸含量,取牙槽骨进行脱钙、切片、苏木精-伊红染色,然后用骨形态计量学方法测量牙槽骨松质骨的骨量并计算牙槽骨的骨静态参数。结果:高脂饮食引起大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)明显升高,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)则明显降低;脂肪乳剂灌胃使大鼠下颌骨钙?磷及羟脯氨酸含量均下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,模型组牙槽骨骨小梁面积百分数(Tb.Ar)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)和骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)差异均无统计学意义。结论:长期高脂乳剂灌胃可以造成大鼠下颌骨骨矿物质和骨有机质的丢失,但未能引起大鼠牙槽骨骨量发生明显变化。     

基于HF酸蚀+阳极氧化处理的μm/nm表面对种植体早期骨结合的影响

目的:评价μm/nm表面对种植体早期骨结合的影响。方法:40枚种植体平均分为2组,对照组为机械加工表面;实验组为μm/nm表面。植入20只大鼠股骨远端,术后即刻、2周行活体显微CT扫描,术后2周处死取材,行组织学染色及生物力学检测。结果:显微CT提示:实验组BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N显著增高,Tb.Sp显著减少。对照组和实验组骨结合率分别为(38.94±9.48)%,(51.49±12.49)%;最大拔出力分别为(64.95±6.11)N,(81.90±13.10)N,2组结果实验组均高于对照组。结论:μm/nm表面可以显著促进种植体早期骨结合。     

自攻型种植体在即刻种植中的生物学性能研究

目的　比较自攻型与非自攻型种植体在即刻种植方式中的初期稳定性，骨结合及新骨形成能力。为自攻型种植体临床应用提供依据。方法：选取健康雄性成年Beagle实验犬36只，微创拔牙后，行种植体即刻植入术。每只实验犬下颌植入骨水平自攻型种植体（BLE），骨水平非自攻型种植体（BL），软组织水平自攻型种植体（TLE），软组织水平非自攻型种植体（TL）各一枚。分别在种植体植入后4，8，12周取材。记录并分析种植体植入时的旋入扭矩。应用种植体共振频率分析仪量化分析自攻型牙种植体的初期稳定性和长期稳定性。应用micro-CT观察并计算骨体积分数（骨体积/总体积， BV/TV, %），骨小梁数量(Tb N,1/mm)、骨小梁间距(Tb. Sp, mm)分析植体周围骨改建情况。应用荧光标记物盐酸四环素进行骨改建情况示踪标记，利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察，分析比较自攻型种植体与非自攻型种植体新生骨面积。结果：对种植体植入时的植入扭矩和ISQ值进行分析，自攻组结果均优于非自攻组(p<0.05)。植入后4周，8周，12周的ISQ值，BLE组显著高于BL组(p<0.05)，TLE组在植入后4周，8周显著高于TL组，在植入后12周与TL组基本一致。骨体积分数和新生骨面积均为自攻组优于非自攻组(p<0.05)。结论：在即刻种植中，自攻型种植体初期稳定性、骨结合强于非自攻型种植体，并且在新骨形成方面略强于非自攻型种植体。     

超活化血小板裂解液和骨髓间充质干细胞联合应用对大鼠上颌快速扩弓后前腭缝骨改建影响的实验研究

目的 研究超活化血小板裂解液(super-activated platelet lysate,sPL)、骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)及二者联合应用对大鼠上颌快速扩弓后前腭缝骨改建的影响。方法 16只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组：对照组（A组）；sPL注射组（B组）；BMSCs注射组（C组）；BMSCs+sPL注射组（D组）。建立大鼠上颌快速扩弓模型，扩弓7天后进入保持期，并按分组进行干预。保持21天后处死所有大鼠，通过MicroCT和组织学染色对前腭缝进行骨质分析和组织形态学观察。结果 D组大鼠前腭缝宽度相比A组明显减小（P<0.05），骨小梁分离度（Tb.Sp）明显降低（P<0.01），骨小梁数目（Tb.N）明显增多（P<0.05），骨体积分数（BV/TV）显著高于A组和C组（P<0.05）。与A组大鼠相比，B组大鼠BV/TV增高，Tb.Sp降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。C组大鼠Micro-CT各项测量指标与A组相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。组织学观察显示，B...     

外源性bFGF对2型糖尿病大鼠钛种植体骨结合的影响及机制探讨

目的:探讨外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠钛种植体骨结合的影响及机制.方法:取SPF级雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为对照组、T2DM组、bFGF-T2DM组、氯化锂(LiCl)-T2DM组.对照组正常饲料喂养,其余大鼠以高脂高糖喂养+腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)30 mg/kg建立T2...     

Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on the femur trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

Objectives Drugs used to treat osteoporosis are taken long-term and ideally have no adverse effects. Recent interest has focused on chitosan oligosaccharides as a bone-inducing substance for use as bone graft material. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on the femur trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats by three-dimensional imaging analysis using micro-computed tomography (CT).Methods Female 12-week-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups, which underwent ovariectomy (two groups) or sham surgery (one group). After 12 weeks, rats of one of the ovariectomized groups began treatment with chitosan oligosaccharides (500 mg/kg bodyweight) three times per week for 8 weeks. Then, the femurs of all rats were resected for bone analysis by micro-CT, and three-dimensional images of the femur were reconstructed from the axial CT images to evaluate the following parameters: bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.sp), trabecular bone pattern factor (TBPf), structure model index (SMI), number of nodes per unit tissue volume, number of termini per unit tissue volume, and the total strut length per unit tissue volume.Results The BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N were significantly higher in the ovariectomized and treated (OVX + C) group versus the ovariectomized, untreated (OVX) group. Tb.Sp, TBPf, and SMI were significantly lower in the OVX + C group versus the OVX group.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that chitosan oligosaccharides prevent decreases in bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular connectivity in the femurs of ovariectomized rats.     

大鼠同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞联合Bio-Oss骨粉-bFGF复合物促进拔牙窝愈合的micro-CT研究

目的:观察以Bio-Oss骨粉bFGF支架联合大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)植入大鼠拔牙窝后在牙槽窝愈合过程中对牙槽骨微结构的影响.方法:取3周龄SD大鼠股骨全骨髓,自然贴壁分离BMSCs.选取36只6周龄SD大鼠,拔除上颌后牙,立即植入不同材料.按植入材料分为4组,即复合物组植入BMSCs联合Bio-Oss骨粉b...     

Alendronate therapy may be effective in the prevention of bone loss around titanium implants inserted in estrogen-deficient rats

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated whether alendronate (ALD) influences bone healing around titanium implants inserted in ovariectomized rats and whether it provides a residual effect after its withdrawal. METHODS: Bilateral ovariectomies were performed in 87 Wistar rats and one screw-shaped titanium implant was placed in the tibiae. The animals were divided into the following groups: group SHAM (N = 15): sham surgeries; group OVX (N = 15): ovariectomy; group AT (N = 15): OVX plus alendronate administration for 80 days; group AW (N = 14): OVX plus alendronate administration for 40 days; group ET (N = 14): OVX plus 17beta estradiol administration for 80 days; or group EW (N = 14): OVX plus 17beta estradiol administration for 40 days. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads, and bone density in a 500 microm-wide zone lateral to the implant (BD) were obtained and measured for the cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) regions. RESULTS: In zone A, data analysis showed no significant differences among the groups regarding BIC and BD (P >0.05), and a slight beneficial effect of estradiol on BA when compared with the OVX, EW, and AW groups (P <0.05). In zone B, OVX negatively impacted bone healing around the implants, resulting in reduced BA and BD (P<0.05). ALD (continuous/interrupted) and estradiol (only continuous) positively affected BIC, BA, and BD, resulting in values at the same level as the control group (SHAM). CONCLUSIONS: ALD may prevent the negative influence of estrogen deficiency on bone healing around titanium implants inserted in OVX rats. This positive effect, in contrast to estradiol, is sustained following its withdrawal.     

Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor may impair bone healing around titanium implants in rats

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, on bone healing around titanium implants in rats. METHODS: Thirty-one adult male Wistar rats were included in this study, and one screw-shaped titanium implant was inserted in the tibiae of each rat. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups for daily subcutaneous injections: control (N = 14): saline solution; and test (N = 17): 3 mg/kg of meloxicam, each administered daily for 60 days. After the treatment, animals were sacrificed, and undecalcified sections were obtained. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads and bone density (BD) in a 500 mum-wide zone lateral to the implants were obtained and arranged for cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone regions. RESULTS: Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that meloxicam significantly reduced bone healing around implants. For zone A, significant differences were observed regarding BIC (47.01 +/- 10.48 A; 35.93 +/- 12.25 B), BA (86.42 +/- 3.66 A; 61.58 +/- 12.09 B), and BD (96.86 +/- 0.96 A; 91.06 +/- 3.05 B) for control and test groups, respectively (P <0.05). For zone B, data analysis also showed significant differences among groups for BIC (30.76 +/- 13.80 A; 16.86 +/- 11.48 B), BA (34.83 +/- 8.18 A; 25.66 +/- 9.16 B), and BD (15.76 +/- 7.05 A; 7.73 +/- 4.61 B) for control and test groups, respectively (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Meloxicam may negatively influence bone healing in the cortical and cancellous bone around titanium implants inserted in rats after continuous administration.     

Age-related and surgically induced estrogen deficiencies may differently affect bone around titanium implants in rats

BACKGROUND: Valuable information has been obtained using the ovariectomy model; however, clinical studies have indicated that such a model may not be appropriate to parallel with the postmenopausal condition and titanium implants. Thus, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate, by histometric analysis, the influence of age-related (ARED) and surgically induced (OVX) estrogen deficiencies on bone around titanium implants inserted in rats. METHODS: Single screw-shaped titanium implants were placed in rat tibiae and animals were then assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (N = 15): bilateral sham ovariectomies in 90-day-old rats, 21 days before implant placement; OVX (N = 15): bilateral ovariectomies in 90-day-old rats, 21 days before implant placement; and ARED (N = 15): implant placement in reproductive aged rats (22 months old). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) within the limits of implant threads and bone density (BD) in a 500 microm-wide zone lateral to the implant were obtained and arranged for cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone regions. RESULTS: For zone A, intergroup analysis showed no significant differences regarding BIC and BA (P >0.05). In contrast, ARED negatively influenced BD around the implants (P <0.05). In zone B, OVX negatively affected BIC and BA (P <0.05), and both ARED and OVX groups demonstrated lower BD than the SHAM group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that ARED mainly affects preexisting bone while OVX more significantly affects both newly formed and preexisting bone.     

Effect of estrogen replacement and calcitonin therapies on bone around titanium implants placed in ovariectomized rats: a histometric study

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and calcitonin (CT) administration could influence bone healing around implants placed in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One screw-type titanium implant was placed bilaterally in OVX rats. The animals were assigned to one of the following groups: group 1 (n = 15), sham surgeries; group 2 (n = 15), OVX rats; group 3 (n = 14), OVX rats administered CT 4 days/week (16 IU/kg); group 4 (n = 14), OVX rats administered 17beta estradiol daily (20 microg/kg). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) around the implants were determined separately for the cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone areas. RESULTS: In zone A, intergroup analysis did not reveal a significant difference regarding BIC. In contrast, the HRT group (group 4) presented greater BA than groups 2 and 3 (P < .05). Data from zone B revealed that HRT eliminated the negative effect of the ovariectomy on BIC and BA (P < .05), while CT had no effect (P > .05). DISCUSSION: It was the first study to evaluate and demonstrate the impact of HRT and CT on bone around titanium implants in an estrogen-deficient model. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, it may be concluded that HRT may prevent the influence that estrogen deficiency exerts on bone healing around titanium implants.     

Micro‐computerized tomography analysis of alveolar bone loss in ligature‐ and nicotine‐induced experimental periodontitis in rats

Liu Y‐F, Wu L‐A, Wang J, Wen L‐Y, Wang X‐J. Micro‐computerized tomography analysis of alveolar bone loss in ligature‐ and nicotine‐induced experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 714–719. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Nicotine reportedly is a risk factor for periodontitis, but accurate data regarding nicotine‐induced alveolar bone loss is lacking. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess alveolar bone loss in ligature‐ and nicotine‐induced periodontitis in rats using micro‐computerized tomography (micro‐CT). Material and Methods: Thirty‐six adult male rats were treated by placing silk ligatures around the cervixes of the right second maxillary molar; the contralateral tooth was untreated. After ligation, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: group A received intraperitoneal injections of saline solution, group B received 0.83 mg of nicotine/kg/d, and group C received 1.67 mg of nicotine/kg/d. Six animals in each group were killed on days 14 and 28 after ligature placement, and then micro‐CT examinations were conducted. Results: In all groups, bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) values of the ligated sides were significantly lower than those of the unligated sides (p < 0.001), whereas alveolar bone height loss (ABHL) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of the ligated sides were significantly higher than those of the unligated sides (p < 0.001). Compared with the control group, nicotine administration increased the ABHL value and decreased the BMD, BVF and Tb.Th values of both sides in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results confirmed that ligature could cause significant loss in the trabecula of alveolar bone, and daily administration of nicotine resulted in further bone loss and microstructure deterioration.