口腔颌面部创伤诊治专家系统的研制

目的:研制适用于口腔颌面部创伤辅助诊断治疗的智能专家系统,提高急救和早期处置口腔颌面部创伤的水平。方法:利用Pentium4 2. 0G的微机,激光打印机,刻录光盘等硬件,在WindowsXP的操作平台下,采用Visualbasic6. 0编程语言开发系统应用程序。结果: 本系统具有良好的人性化界面,能够进行快速、准确的诊断并提供规范的治疗方案。同时可以对病历资料进行科学的管理和查询。结论:系统能够辅助对颌面部创伤患者进行快速准确的诊断和救治,提高创伤患者病例资料的现代化管理水平。     

人工智能专家系统在口腔修复中的应用

概要介绍了用人工智能方法建立的用于铸造支架可摘义齿设计的专家系统。系统用Ｑｕｉｃｋｂａｓｉｃ和ＴｕｒｂｏＣ混合编程。该系统突破了以往报道的同类专家系统中只考虑缺牙数目、部位而不考虑口腔中其它与义齿设计有关因素的限制，采用分层组建知识库的思想，将义齿设计过程按逻辑关系分成不同层次，有效地解决了这一问题。从而使该专家系统能较真实地模拟口腔高级修复专家的临床检查、诊断，并给出修复前治疗计划和最终的义齿修复方案。该专家系统共含有１１个功能模块，分别完成病历登记、口腔检查、治疗建议、义齿设计、力学分析、参考、解释，各种医疗档案存储管理，收费等功能。应用本系统对２０例患者进行局部义齿设计，与修复专家的设计方案相比，总符合率为８３．６％     

可摘局部义齿计算机辅助设计三维图像专家系统的研究

目的开发可摘局部义齿计算机辅助设计三维图像专家系统。方法运用表面绘制法依据CT扫描头颅骨标本在3DStudioMax中重建模拟牙列缺损的牙颌三维模型,以此模型为平台,建立图形库和知识库,制作人机对话操作界面和专家系统安装文件,开发出可摘局部义齿修复计算机辅助设计三维图像专家系统。结果成功研制一套牙列缺损可摘局部义齿修复计算机辅助设计三维图像专家系统。结论该专家系统具有逼真的三维图像效果,为可摘局部义齿的进一步开发奠定了基础。     

可摘局部义齿设计专家系统研究进展

本文就可摘局部义齿设计专家系统作一综述,较为详细地介绍了近十年来国内外有关的专家系统——Meada、MacRPD、RaPiD、吕培军系统,对它们的软硬件配置、知识库来源、设计原则及思想、系统功能进行了较为全面的阐述,并对各个系统作了简要的分析及评价,提出了理想的专家系统的特点。     

可摘局部义齿设计专家系统研究进展

本文就可摘局部义齿设计专家系统作一综述，较为详细地介绍了近十年来国内外有关的专家系统－－Ｍｅａｄａ、ＭａｅＲＰＤ、ＲａＰｉＤ、吕培军系统，对它们的软硬件配置、知识库来源、设计原则及思想、系统功能进行了较为全面的阐述，并对各个系统作了简要的分析了及评价，提出了理想的专家系统的特点。     

颞颌关节紊乱综合征专家系统的设计与实现

本文详细描述了作者将人工智能专家系统技术引入口腔医学领域的初步尝试,用当今最新人工智能语言Turbo prolog,医学专家系统外壳DEMES Shell基础上,开发的以诊断为核心的颞颌关节紊乱综合征(TMJDSES)专家系统的设计思想与实现方法。文中对系统的功能模块,推理流程及系统特点等进行了讨论。     

专家系统在口腔诊断领域的应用

本文综述了用于专家系统运作方式的3种系统，即算法系统、启发式系统和神经网络的运作原理、优缺点、人们对此所作的改进等，并对专家系统在口腔各领域诊断方面的应用进行了概述。     

专家系统在口腔正畸等口腔医学领域中的应用

一、专家系统介绍 1．起源与发展 专家系统（expefl system）是人工智能领域的一个重要分支,也是人工智能应用研究最活跃和最广泛的课题之一。60年代在美国首先兴起,它是在基于规则的系统（rule—based system）——产生式系统（production system）的基础上发展起来的。70年代中期,专家系统的开发获得成功。专家系统是指具有一定智能的计算机程序系统,是一种知识信息的加工处理系统,正如专家系统的先驱费根鲍姆（Feigenbaum）所说：专家系统的力量是从它处理的知识中产生的。     

全口义齿计算机辅助设计系统的研制与应用

目的:利用知识库开发一套实用的全口义齿计算机辅助设计/制作(CAD/CAM)系统。方法:由三维座标测量机(3DCMM)获取无牙颌、托等模型的三维信息,运用B样条方法建立全口义齿的数学模型。共设置8个功能模块:测量模块、数据转换模块、曲面造型模块、基托生成及编辑模块、排牙方案及编辑模块、结果输出模块、动态模拟模块和管理模块。结果:建立由3DCMM,8个功能模块和数据库组成的全口义齿计算机辅助设计软硬件系统。完成全口义齿计算机辅助设计及三维显示。结论:本系统的建立为全口义齿CAD/CAM系统的开发奠定了基础。     

种植术区CBCT影像智能测量系统的初步研发与验证

目的:研发新型种植术区CBCT影像智能测量系统并进行验证。方法:以Qt为开发框架,使用VCG库对牙齿模型进行读取和处理,开发用于种植术区CBCT影像诊断参数测量的智能分析系统。将该系统智能测量结果与人工测量结果进行比较,评估两者之间的差异性。结果:成功研发出可由使用者选择牙位,计算机自动测量种植术区CBCT影像种植诊断参数的智能分析系统。对于各项种植诊断参数的测量,智能测量方法与人工测量方法之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05),测量结果可靠。结论:该智能测量系统参数测量结果可靠,可为种植术前规划提供参考。     

Physician and emergency medical technicians' knowledge and experience regarding dental trauma

Abstract –  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of physicians and emergency medical technicians (EMT) regarding primary treatment for dental trauma and to assess the experience they have in treating dental injuries. The study population consisted of 70 military physicians and EMT during their military service. A questionnaire was distributed relating to demographic data, such as age, gender, position, and type of military service, as well as the following issues: past experience in treating or witnessing dental trauma, former education regarding diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma, assessment of knowledge regarding dental trauma, etc. Of all participants, only 4 (5.9%), all physicians, received education regarding dental trauma. Nevertheless, 42 (61.8%) reported they witnessed such an injury during their military service. Dental injuries were first seen by the EMT in 41.2% of the cases, by the physician in 25%, and by a dentist in only 7.3%. Overall, 58 (85.3%) of the physicians and EMT stated that it was important to educate the primary health care providers regarding diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma. Special emphasis should be given to providing primary caregivers with the relevant education to improve their knowledge and ability of dealing with diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma.     

Dento–alveolar and maxillofacial injures – a survey of knowledge of the regimental aid providers in the Israeli army

Abstract –  The present study evaluated the knowledge of physicians and emergency medical technicians (EMT) regarding primary treatment for oral and maxillofacial trauma and assessed the experience they have in treating oral and maxillofacial injuries. The study population consisted of 80 military physicians and EMT during their military service. A questionnaire was distributed relating to demographic data such as age, gender, position, and type of military service, as well as past experience in treating or witnessing oral and maxillofacial trauma, former education regarding diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial trauma, assessment of knowledge regarding oral and maxillofacial trauma, etc. The questionnaire was answered by 76 participants (95% response rate): 32 physicians and 44 EMT. Only 17 (22.4%) received education regarding oral and maxillofacial trauma (eight physicians, 25% and nine EMT, 20.5%). Nevertheless, 23 (30.3%) reported witnessing such an injury during their military service. Oral and maxillofacial injuries were first seen by the EMT in 43.4% of the cases, a physician in 23.7%, and a dentist in only 9.2%. Overall, 66 (86.8%) of the physicians and EMT stated that it was important to educate the primary health care providers regarding diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial trauma. Special emphasis should be given to providing primary caregivers with the relevant education to improve their knowledge and ability of dealing with diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial trauma.     

Clinical characteristics of dental emergencies and prevalence of dental trauma at a university hospital emergency center in Korea

Abstract – Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of dental emergency patients who visited a university hospital emergency center and to evaluate the incidence of dental trauma. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with dental complaints and who visited the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) emergency center in Gyeonggi‐do, Korea, from January 2009 to December 2009 was conducted. Information regarding age, gender, the time, day, and month of presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up was collected and analyzed. Results: One thousand four hundred twenty‐five patients with dental problems visited the SNUBH emergency center. Dental patients accounted for 1.47% of the total 96 708 patients at the emergency center. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.68:1, with a considerably larger number of male patients (62.7%). The age distribution peak was at 0–9 years (27.5%), followed by patients in their forties (14.1%). The number of patients visiting the dental emergency center peaked in May (14.2%), on Sundays (22.4%), and between 2100 and 2400 h (20.8%). The patients’ chief complaints were as follows: dental trauma, dental infection, oral bleeding, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). The prevalence of dental trauma was 66%. Conclusions: The reasons for dental emergency visits included the following: dental trauma, dental infection, oral bleeding, and TMD, with 66% of the patients requiring management of dental trauma. It is important that dentists make a prompt, accurate diagnosis and initiate effective treatment in case of dental emergencies, especially dental trauma.     

Dental Trauma Guide: A source of evidence‐based treatment guidelines for dental trauma

Abstract – Diagnosis and treatment for traumatic dental injuries are very complex owing to the multiple trauma entities represented by six luxation types and nine fracture types affecting both the primary and the permanent dentition. When it is further considered that fracture and luxation injuries are often combined, the result is that more than 100 trauma scenarios exist, when the two dentitions are combined. Each of these trauma scenarios has a specific treatment demand and prospect for healing. With such a complexity in diagnosis and treatment, it is obvious that even experienced practitioners may have problems in selecting proper treatment for some of these trauma types. To remedy this situation, an Internet‐based knowledge base consisting of 4000 dental trauma cases with long‐term follow up is now available to the public and the professions on the Internet using the address http://www.DentalTraumaGuide.org . It is the aspiration that the use of this Guide may lead the practitioner to offer an evidence‐based diagnosis and treatment.     

分诊制下326例口腔颅颌面创伤急诊住院患者临床分析

目的： 总结分诊制下口腔颅颌面创伤急诊救治经验。方法： 回顾分析2020年9月—2021年8月间上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院南部院区口腔颅颌面创伤患者急诊接诊救治情况。期间共接诊36 599例患者,急诊留观处理1 683例,住院治疗326例。收集住院患者入院前处理情况,包括基础生命支持（急诊止血、液体复苏、损伤控制手术）、伤情、高级生命支持、多学科联合救治及转归情况等。采用SPSS 13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： 326例急诊入院患者中,男253例,女73例,男女比例3.47∶1;年龄20~73岁,平均（41.64±15.34）岁。最常见原因为道路交通伤（169例）,其中电瓶车事故伤138例,占81.63%;其次为生活意外伤（89例）,其中跌伤65例,占73.01%;工伤33例,其中坠落伤14例,占42.42%;其他损伤35例。83例进行初级生命支持（心电监护、液体复苏,清创止血）,其中输血30例,气管插管或切开7例,石膏或支具外固定9例。65例实施损害控制性手术。235例直接收住口腔颅颌面科,54例根据创伤情况收入相应专科,37例收入EICU继续高级生命支持。所有患者均成功救治,326例患者经急诊或延期手术得到确切治疗,4例出院后做二期修复。结论： 采取急救辅助下的专科诊治是有效解决分诊制下日益增多口腔颅颌面创伤救治需求的有效措施。由急诊科牵头,强调以生命救治、器官功能保护和重建、社会回归为中心,在各个专科之间开展协作,是口腔颅颌面多发伤救治成功的关键。     

Differential diagnosis and management of flared maxillary anterior teeth

BACKGROUND: Flaring of maxillary anterior teeth can be caused by primary or secondary occlusal trauma. A differential diagnosis needs to be made with regard to the etiology of the problem to establish a proper treatment plan. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors reviewed relevant articles in the literature addressing migration of maxillary anterior teeth to ascertain the proper diagnosis and methods of therapy pertaining to migrated maxillary anterior teeth. RESULTS: The authors identify critical questions that clinicians must answer to ascertain which forces cause flaring of maxillary anterior teeth. They describe treatment methods relevant to flaring of teeth associated with primary and secondary occlusal trauma. The authors provide diagnostic and treatment flowcharts to guide clinicians in making therapeutic decisions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Failure to treat maxillary flared anterior teeth can result in an unappealing esthetic appearance. Furthermore, if these problems are not treated in a timely manner, they can become worse and result in loss of teeth. Initiation of proper therapy may include occlusal equilibration, periodontal therapy, orthodontic retraction--alone or in combination with each other--and, in certain types of cases, splinting of teeth.     

乳牙外伤处理策略

乳牙外伤是儿童口腔急诊的常见病,与恒牙外伤相比,其处理存在特殊性,且国内在其诊疗方面存在不规范等问题。文章参考2012年国际牙外伤协会指南,全面系统地阐述乳牙外伤的概念、分类、临床特征以及各类型乳牙外伤的应急处理原则,为乳牙外伤的诊疗提供参考 。     

Dental Trauma Guide: a source of evidence-based treatment guidelines for dental trauma

Diagnosis and treatment for traumatic dental injuries are very complex owing to the multiple trauma entities represented by six luxation types and nine fracture types affecting both the primary and the permanent dentition. When it is further considered that fracture and luxation injuries are often combined, the result is that more than 100 trauma scenarios exist, when the two dentitions are combined. Each of these trauma scenarios has a specific treatment demand and prospect for healing. With such a complexity in diagnosis and treatment, it is obvious that even experienced practitioners may have problems in selecting proper treatment for some of these trauma types. To remedy this situation, an Internet-based knowledge base consisting of 4000 dental trauma cases with long-term follow up is now available to the public and the professions on the Internet using the address http://www.DentalTraumaGuide.org. It is the aspiration that the use of this Guide may lead the practitioner to offer an evidence-based diagnosis and treatment.     

The effects of cusp and jaw morphology on the forces on teeth and the temporomandibular joint

Basic principles of engineering mechanics are used to solve for force vectors in the masticatory system. It was found that incisor guidance/cusp angulation, crown heights and the anterior-posterior location of contact can significantly affect the magnitudes and/or directions of forces acting on contacting teeth and the temporomandibular joint. The results provide insight into the function of the jaws and the diagnosis and treatment of occlusion-related trauma.     

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??Primary teeth trauma is a common emergency disease in children. Compared with permanent teeth?? it is special to make diagnosis and treatment. Moreover?? its diagnosis and treatment are still lack of standardization. Combined with international dental trauma guidelines in 2012??we present the concept??classification??clinical features??and emergency treatment principle of all kinds of primary teeth trauma in order to offer a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of primary teeth trauma.