龈沟液中IL-1β与2型糖尿病和牙周病相关性的研究

目的：比较2型糖尿病患者（DM）、2型糖尿病伴牙周病患者（DM＆AP）及牙周病患者（AP）龈沟液（GCF）中的白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,探讨DM和DM＆AP糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）浓度与IL-1β的相关性。方法：使用滤纸条法采集GCF,DM、DM＆AP、AP患者及正常对照组各30例;ELISA法测定GCF中IL-1β含量;运用高效液相层析法测定DM和DM＆AP的糖化血红蛋白水平。结果：DM、DM＆AP、AP的GCF量和IL-1β量均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;DM＆AP、AP组GCF量显著高于DM组（P〈0．05）;DM＆AP组IL-1B含量高于DM组和AP组（P〈0．05）。结论：糖尿病患者和糖尿病伴牙周病患者IL-1β均高于正常人,长期的高血糖会使糖尿病患者易患牙周病,提示糖尿病患者在关注血糖控制的同时还高度关注牙周健康。     

龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶8及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1水平与牙周病的关系

目的 探讨龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶8(matrix metalloproteinases-8,MMP-8)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,TIMP-1)的水平变化与牙周病的关系,以期为临床提供参考.方法 试验人群共48例,分为牙周健康组16例、慢性牙龈炎组18例及慢性牙周炎组14例,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测各组人群龈沟液中MMP-8和TIMP-1水平,并计算MMP-8与TIMP-1的比值.结果 牙周健康组、慢性牙龈炎组及慢性牙周炎组中MMP-8的平均质量浓度分别为:(0.62±0.09)、(0.68 ±0.02)及(0.78±0.05) mg/L,3组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),并且两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);牙周健康组、慢性牙龈炎组及慢性牙周炎组龈沟液中MMP-8与TIMP-1的比值分别为:0.16 ±0.06、0.23±0.09及0.32 ±0.15,3组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 龈沟液中MMP-8的质量浓度及MMP-8/TIMP-1比值的变化均可以作为判断牙周炎症水平有意义的临床指标.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周病患者龈沟液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平和意义

目的：比较Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周病患者、牙周病患者与健康者龈沟液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量和龈沟液量,以及Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周病患者龈沟液中TNF-α量与糖代谢状况的关系。方法：使用滤纸条法采集龈沟液,Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周病患者、牙周病患者和全身健康者各30例;放射免疫法测定龈沟液中TNF-α含量;运用高效液相层析法测定Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周病患者的糖化血红蛋白水平。结果：糖尿病合并牙周病组和牙周病组龈沟液量及龈沟液TNF-α量均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,糖尿病合并牙周病组龈沟液TNF-α量显著高于牙周病组（P〈0.01）。糖尿病合并牙周病组龈沟液中TNF-α含量与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平无显著直线相关性。结论：龈沟液中TNF-α含量受牙周炎症影响同时全身因素调控,导致糖尿病合并牙周病患者龈沟液TNF-α水平显著升高,造成牙周病加重。     

基质金属蛋白酶-1启动子基因的单核苷酸多态性及其与牙周病的关系

基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)与牙周病密切相关。研究表明在基质金属蛋白酶-1启动子-1607bp位点由于鸟嘌呤插入造成的单核苷酸多态性可以促进基质金属蛋白酶-1转录水平和蛋白水平的提高。本文就MMP-1启动子基因的单核苷酸多态性及其与牙周病的相关性作一综述。     

不同年龄组大鼠正畸力作用下龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶的表达

目的:观察2个年龄组大鼠牙受正畸力后龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶-1(matrix metalloproteinase-1,MMP-1)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)含量的变化.方法:选择6周龄和12周龄雌性Wistar大鼠各20只,采用粘结剂联合磨沟周位法在上颌安装正畸加力装置,牵引一侧上颌第一磨牙向近中,另一侧作为对照侧.每周提取大鼠实验牙及对照牙的龈沟液,应用SDS-PAGE、Western印迹和Gel-Doc凝胶成像系统定量检测龈沟液中MMP-1与MMP-9含量的改变.采用SPSS11.0软件包对实验各周龈沟液中MMP-1和MMP-9的含量进行方差分析.结果:6周龄组大鼠和12周龄组大鼠龈沟液中MMP-1及MMP-9含量的基础水平以及在加力第1周时的水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05).但12周龄组比6周龄组稍高.加力早期,12周龄组大鼠MMPs含量增长速度快于6周龄组;后期,12周龄组大鼠较6周龄组大鼠的MMPs含量下降速度慢.结论:12周龄大鼠受正畸力后,龈沟液中MMPs的表达较6周龄组高,12周龄大鼠较6周龄大鼠的正畸牙根吸收可能更严重.     

龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶-9含量与正畸牙根吸收相关性的实验研究

目的 探讨龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)含量与正畸牙根吸收的相关性,为临床诊断牙根吸收寻找简单、灵敏的检测指标.方法 选择5只6月龄的小型猪作为研究对象,以其下颌第一乳侧切牙作为实验牙,通过施加300 g过大拉力建立动物模型.每周提取实验牙的龈沟液,并应用SDS-PAGE,Western Blot和Gel Doc凝胶成像系统定量检测龈沟液中MMP-9含量的改变.同时在第1、2、4、7周将动物处死,制作实验牙的病理切片,观察发生牙根吸收的情况.根据牙根吸收出现的时间将所有实验动物分为未吸收组和吸收组,对其龈沟液中MMP-9含量进行统计学分析.结果 牙齿受力后,龈沟液中的MMP-9含量先升高,在发生牙根吸收的第2周则减少,然后逐渐升高,在第3、4周达高峰后又逐渐减少.牙根吸收组和未吸收组龈沟液中MMP-9含量的差异有显著的统计学意义.结论 龈沟液中的MMP-9参与了正畸源性牙根吸收过程.     

基质金属蛋白酶与牙周病关系的研究进展

本文在探讨基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases MMPs)结构、功能的基础上,就参与牙周组织破坏MMPs的种类,来源以及主要的作用机制作一个综述,以期对牙周病的发生发展有深一步的认识,同时期望对牙周炎的诊断和治疗有所帮助。     

慢性牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者龈沟液中脂联素水平的检测及意义

目的：探究牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者龈沟液中脂联素水平及意义。方法：纳入慢性牙周炎伴糖尿病患者（DM&CP）、慢性牙周炎患者（CP）、健康对照者（H）各20例,记录其临床指标（SBI、PLI、PD 和 AL）,并收集龈沟液（GCF）样本,用龈沟液测量仪 periotron8000对 GCF 进行定量,用脂联素 ELISA 试剂盒检测样本中脂联素含量,比较组间检测指标的差异以及临床指标与 GCF 中脂联素水平的相关性。结果：DM&CP 组 GCF 中脂联素水平显著低于其他2组（P ＜0．05）,CP 患者龈沟液脂联素水平与牙周健康组相比无统计学差异（P ＞0．05）。GCF 中脂联素水平与临床指标 PD 值、AL 值有负相关性（P ＜0．05）,与 SBI、PLI 无明显相关（P ＞0．05）。结论：龈沟液中脂联素水平降低可能与 DM&CP 发生发展有关。     

Cystatin A in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontal patients

Cystatins are physiological inhibitors of cysteine proteinases which are widely distributed in human tissues and fluids. In the present study we analysed both the cystatin activity and the different cystatin isoforms in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples of nine periodontitis patients. All crevicular fluid samples, which were collected with filter paper points, showed cystatin activity ranging from 7–67 units/ing protein. The mean cystatin activity (24 units/mg protein) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the saliva samples (mean 93 units/mg protein). The cystatin isoforms in the crevicular fluid were further characterized by immunoblotting with specific antibodies against cystatin C, S, SN and A. While they were clearly present in saliva, cystatin C, cystatin S and cystatin SN could not be detected in any of the crevicular fluid samples. Remarkably, cystatin A was found in all the crevicular fluids as well as in the saliva samples. It is concluded that the cystatin activity found in crevicular fluid is caused, at least partially, by cystatin A. Furthermore, the gingival crevicular fluid is not a major contributor of cystatin C, S and SN activity in saliva.     

Levels of platelet-activating factor in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue in specific periodontal diseases

BACKGROUND: Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent phospholipid mediator of inflammatory and immune reactions, is involved in a variety of biological responses seen in periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of specific periodontal diseases. METHODS: PAF levels were investigated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissue (GT) samples of 12 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 6 patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), 10 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 6 with gingivitis (G), and 6 periodontally healthy subjects (H). Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, gingival index, papillary bleeding index, and plaque index. PAF was extracted from GCF samples passing through amberlit resin columns, purified by high performance liquid chromatographic method, and then analyzed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had significantly higher GCF PAF levels compared to the H group (P<0.005). Although statistically not significant, GCF PAF levels were also higher in the G group than those of the H group (P = 0.0784). GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had similar GCF PAF levels (P>0.005). These groups had higher levels of GCF PAF than those of the G group, but the difference was significant only for the GAgP group (P<0.005). When the data were expressed as concentration, GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups were found to have higher concentrations of GCF PAF compared to the H group (P<0.005). GCF PAF concentration was similar in patient groups (P>0.005). All patient groups had significantly higher GT PAF levels compared to the H group (P<0.005). GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had similar amounts of GCF and GT PAF (P>0.005). GAgP, LAgP, and CP groups had higher GT PAF levels than those of the G group, but the differences were only significant for LAgP and CP groups (P<0.005). No significant correlation was found between GCF and GT PAF levels and clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that PAF is likely to be an important mediator in regulating inflammatory responses in the human periodontal tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating PAF levels in GCF and GT in specific periodontal diseases. We believe that this potent phospholipid mediator may need to be considered in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.     

Analysis of human gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid beta-glucuronidase activity in specific periodontal diseases

BACKGROUND: Beta-glucuronidase (betaG) is one of the enzymes involved in the destruction of non-collagenous components of the extracellular matrix. It is also considered an indicator or predictor of periodontal disease activity. The present study was conducted to determine the presence and the levels of betaG activity in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal disease and health status. The validity of 2 expressions of data, total betaG activity versus betaG concentration, and the correlations between clinical periodontal status and betaG profile was also evaluated. METHODS: betaG activities in gingival tissues and GCF samples from 57 individuals, divided into 3 equal groups of adult periodontitis (AP), early-onset periodontitis (EOP), and periodontally healthy subjects were spectrophotometrically examined. RESULTS: Both patient groups had higher betaG levels in both gingiva and GCF than controls. Significant differences were observed among all groups when total GCF betaG activities were examined (P <0.05). However, the difference between AP and controls was not significant when concentration values were compared (P >0.05). The highest GCF betaG activity, with both expressions, was detected in EOP group. No absolute correlations between clinical parameters and betaG activity were observed, except for random correlations in the patient groups with mean total betaG activities. Also GCF/gingiva betaG levels and the 2 expressions did not show absolute correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study confirm the relationship between betaG activity and periodontal diseases. The differences in data concerning GCF total betaG activity and betaG concentration may suggest that they are not matching measures. Data presentation seems to be an important factor in GCF/enzyme profile studies.     

人健康牙周组织龈沟液中细胞因子表达水平的初步研究

目的初步探讨人健康牙周组织龈沟液中细胞因子的普遍水平,为确立诊断指标及后续研究提供正常标准范围参考。方法选择牙周组织健康者每人4～8颗后牙(第二前磨牙及第二磨牙),检查相关临床指标,测定龈沟液分泌量,并通过微量龈沟液炎症标志物组合的Luminex液相芯片多因子检测体系测定19种细胞因子表达水平,包括3种集落细胞刺激因子、7种白细胞介素、6种趋化性细胞因子、血管内皮细胞生长因子、肿瘤坏死因子-α以及干扰素-γ。结果检测到人健康牙周组织中209颗后牙(第二前磨牙103颗、第二磨牙106颗)龈沟液分泌量及所含19种细胞因子表达水平。结论初步确定人健康牙周组织龈沟液中与骨代谢密切相关的19种细胞因子的大致标准范围。     

伴牙周炎糖尿病患者血清和龈沟液中C反应蛋白的检测及意义

目的:了解龈沟液和血清中C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平与牙周炎症状况、血糖控制情况的关系.方法:检测伴慢性牙周炎2型糖尿病组、慢性牙周炎组、2型糖尿病组和健康人群组血清和龈沟液中CRP浓度、糖化血红蛋(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbAlc)水平,记录牙周探诊深度(probing depth,PD)和龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI).采用SPSS10.0软件包进行独立样本t检验和Spearman相关分析.结果:伴慢性牙周炎2型糖尿病组、慢性牙周炎组、2型糖尿病组血清CRP均比正常对照组显著升高(P＜0.01),且伴慢性牙周炎2型糖尿病组血清CRP水平最高,显著高于慢性牙周炎组(P＜0.01)和2型糖尿病组(P＜0.05);4组的龈沟液CRP水平均远低于血清水平,且4组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);血清CRP与龈沟液CRP无相关性(P＞0.05);血清CRP与PD、SBI和HbAlc显著相关(P＜0.01).结论:CRP可能参与了牙周炎和2型糖尿病之间的互相影响;龈沟液CRP水平不能反映牙周病炎症程度和糖尿病病情.