慢性牙周炎患者血清生化指标分析

目的通过分析牙周炎患者和牙周健康者的血糖、血脂、血清钙水平,探讨血清生化指标的异常是否对牙周炎的发生发展起促进作用。方法研究对象225人均无全身系统性疾病,病例组为慢性牙周炎患者145人,以临床附着丧失（CAL）<3 mm或CAL≥3 mm分为轻度组和中、重度组,对照组为牙周健康者80人,空腹抽取静脉血,检测血糖、血脂和血清钙水平,用SPSS 12.0统计软件包对血清学指标进行统计分析。结果病例组和对照组血脂和血清钙水平无显著差异（P>0.05）,病例组血糖、低密度脂蛋白高于临界值者和高密度脂蛋白、血清钙低于临界值者比例明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,轻度组血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平明显低于中、重度组（P<0.05。结论血糖、血脂升高,血清钙降低可能增加宿主对牙周炎的易感性和促进牙周炎的发展。     

Smoking and matrix metalloproteinases,neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in chronic periodontitis

Oral Diseases (2010) 17 , 68–76 Objectives: To investigate possible relationship between smoking and serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase‐8,‐9 (MMP‐8, MMP‐9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients relative to periodontally healthy subjects. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 111 subjects before initiation of any periodontal intervention. Fifty‐five CP patients (39 non‐smokers, 16 smokers) and 56 periodontally healthy subjects (39 non‐smokers, 17 smokers) were recruited. Serum concentrations of MMP‐8 were determined by IFMA and MPO, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, NE concentrations by ELISA. ANCOVA and Pearson correlation analysis was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: Serum MPO, NE concentrations were higher in smoker CP than non‐smoker CP patients (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas these were similar in smoker, non‐smoker periodontally healthy groups (P > 0.05). TIMP‐1 concentration was higher in non‐smoker CP than smoker CP group (P < 0.05). MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratios were higher in smoker CP than non‐smoker CP group (P = 0.01). MMP‐8 concentrations, MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratios in CP group were not significantly different from those in periodontally healthy group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings of significantly elevated serum MMP‐9, MPO, NE together with decreased TIMP‐1 in smoker CP patients than non‐smokers support that smoking together with periodontal destruction may expose/predispose to cardiovascular diseases.     

不同血清浓度对颌下腺导管细胞增殖的影响

目的 :探讨不同血清浓度的培养基对颌下腺 (SMG)导管细胞增殖的影响。方法 :应用相差显微镜及台盼蓝染色活细胞计数 ,观察 5 %、10 %、15 %、2 0 %浓度血清在 1～ 11d对SMG导管细胞增殖的影响。结果 :培养2 4～ 3 6h各组间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,随着时间延长 ,5 %组培养的细胞逐渐死亡 ;至 5d后 ,2 0 %组活细胞数目与其它各组相比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :SMG导管细胞是一种血清依赖性较高的细胞     

Associations Between Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Periodontal Pocketing and Gingival Bleeding: Results of a Study in a Non‐Smoking Population in Finland

Background : Apart from the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism, it is also known for its immunomodulatory properties. However, so far, it is not clear whether serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] exerts any beneficial effect on the periodontium. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the serum level of 25(OH)D is related to periodontal condition, measured by means of pocketing and gingival bleeding. Methods: This cross‐sectional study is based on a non‐smoking subpopulation without diabetes of the Finnish Health 2000 Survey (N = 1,262). Periodontal condition was measured as the number of teeth with deep (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets and the number of bleeding sextants per individual. Serum 25(OH)D level was determined by means of a standard laboratory measurement. Prevalence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results: There were practically no associations between serum 25(OH)D level and teeth with deep (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets or bleeding sextants. A somewhat lower proportion of teeth with deep periodontal pockets was found in higher serum 25(OH)D quintiles among individuals with a good oral hygiene level. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D did not seem to be related to periodontal condition, measured as periodontal pocketing and gingival bleeding in this low‐risk, low‐25(OH)D status population.     

Serum cytokine levels and periodontal parameters in ankylosing spondylitis

Sezer U, Erciyas K, Pehlivan Y, Üstün K, Tarakç?o?lu M, ?enyurt SZ, Onat AM. Serum cytokine levels and periodontal parameters in ankylosing spondylitis. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 396–401. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Multiple studies support the role of periodontal disease in contributing to the chronic systemic inflammatory burden in a variety of diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), in the progression which the inflammatory process plays an important role. We assume that patients with AS are more likely to have periodontal disease than healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and AS by evaluating clinical periodontal parameters and serum cytokine levels. Material and Methods: Forty‐eight adults with AS (35 women and 13 men; age range 18–56 years; mean age 34.27 years) and 48 age‐ and sex‐matched systemically healthy control subjects participated in the study. The clinical periodontal parameters, venous blood and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score were obtained, and serum C‐reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were evaluated. Results: There was statistically no significant difference in the frequency of periodontitis between AS patients and the control group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in probing depth, clinical attachment level and plaque index, and the only significant clinical difference between groups was in levels of bleeding on probing (p < 0.001). Serum concentrations of IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α and C‐reactive protein in the AS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). In the AS group, there was a correlation between serum IL‐6 levels and clinical attachment level (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of present study suggest that bleeding on probing was the only different periodontal parameter between the AS and the control group, and the periodontal status of patients with AS may be affected by IL‐6 levels.     

Saliva and Serum Levels of Pentraxin‐3 and Interleukin‐1β in Generalized Aggressive or Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) is a multifactorial protein involved in immunity and inflammation, which is rapidly produced and released by several cell types in response to inflammatory signals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate saliva, serum levels of PTX3, interleukin (IL)‐1β in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and periodontally healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 94 participants (25 patients with AgP, 25 patients with CP, and 44 periodontally healthy individuals matched with AgP and CP groups) were recruited. Saliva and serum samples were collected. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. PTX3, IL‐1β levels in serum, and saliva samples were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically using Kruskal‐Wallis, Mann‐Whitney U, and Spearman ρ rank test. Results: Serum and saliva data were similar in CP and AgP groups. Saliva levels of IL‐1β were significantly higher in the AgP and CP groups than controls (P <0.05). Salivary PTX3 levels were similar in the CP and control groups. Significantly higher salivary concentrations of PTX3 were detected in the AgP group than the control group (P <0.05). Saliva PTX3 levels correlated with plaque index and bleeding on probing in the CP group (P <0.05). Serum and saliva PTX3 levels correlated with those of IL‐1β in the AgP group (P <0.05). Conclusions: It may be suggested that PTX3 is related with periodontal tissue inflammation. Its salivary concentrations may have a diagnostic potential. Additional intervention and follow‐up studies coupling PTX3 concentrations with microbiologic analysis would better clarify its role in periodontal diseases.     

Serum albumin levels and 10‐year tooth loss in a 70‐year‐old population

Serum albumin levels are a practical marker of general health status in the elderly and have been used to determine the severity of underlying diseases and the risk for death. This longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between serum albumin concentrations and tooth loss over 10 years in elderly subjects, after controlling for confounding factors. A sample of 554 dentate subjects among enrolled subjects (n = 600) was involved in this planned longitudinal study with follow‐up examinations after 5 and 10 years. At the 5‐year follow‐up, 373 (67·3%), subjects were available for re‐examination. In addition, 331 (59·7%) were available at the 10‐year follow‐up. Multiple Poisson regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the number of missing teeth over 5 or 10 years and serum albumin levels at baseline after adjusting for 10 variables: gender, serum markers levels at baseline, dental status, smoking habits and educational years and oral health behaviour. The number of missing teeth over 5 or 10 years was significantly negatively associated with serum albumin levels at baseline [incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 0·373, P < 0·0001 for 5 years; IRR = 0·570, P < 0·0001 for 10 years]. We conclude that elderly subjects with hypoalbuminemia are at high risk for 5‐ and 10‐year tooth loss.     

Effect of autologous and allogenic platelet-rich plasma on human gingival fibroblast function

Oral Diseases (2012) 18 , 494–500 Objective: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as a method of delivering growth factors to enhance regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of autogenous and allogenic PRP and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) on migration and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Methods: Various concentrations of PRP, as well as PPP, were prepared from autologous and allogenic sources and applied to primary gingival fibroblasts. Migration was determined by assessing the fibroblast response to a concentration gradient. ³H‐thymidine incorporation and crystal violet colorimetric assays were utilized to assess DNA synthesis and proliferation. Results: Platelet‐rich plasma provides a significant migratory stimulus to gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, the various concentrations of PRP (50%, 20% and 10%) do not promote DNA synthesis in the short term (24 h), but over the longer term (5 days) they stimulate an increase in cell proliferation. Compared with PPP, PRP was superior in terms of encouraging migration, but was inferior in terms of promoting DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. No difference was noted between the autologous and allogenic PRP preparations on cell function. Conclusion: Both PPP and PRP promote gingival fibroblast migration and proliferation in vitro, without differences between preparations obtained from autologous and allogenic sources.     

Progressive periodontal disease has a simultaneous incremental elevation of gingival crevicular fluid and serum CRP levels

Aim: Increased C‐reactive protein levels have been found in all active inflammations, including periodontitis. This study aims to assess the C‐reactive protein levels in periodontal disease progression. Methods: Forty‐five patients were divided into the following three groups (n = 15) based on gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level: healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II), and chronic periodontitis (group III). Gingival crevicular fluid and serum samples were quantified for C‐reactive protein using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean C‐reactive protein concentration in gingival crevicular fluid and serum was found to be highest in group III (1233.33 ng/mL for gingival crevicular fluid, 5483.33 ng/mL for serum), and least in group I (60 ng/mL and 413 ng/mL for gingival crevicular fluid and serum, respectively) The mean C‐reactive protein concentration in group II (453.33 ng/mL for gingival crevicular fluid and 3565.33 ng/mL for serum) was found to be intermediate. Conclusions: C‐reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum increased proportionately with the severity of periodontal disease. They correlated positively with clinical parameters, including gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Thus, it can be considered as a periodontal inflammatory biomarker and deserves further consideration.     

Assessment of Interleukin‐6 Receptor Inhibition Therapy on Periodontal Condition in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Overproduction of interleukin (IL)‐6 may play a pathologic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). The present study assesses IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) inhibition therapy on the periodontal condition of patients with RA and CP. Methods: The study participants were 28 patients with RA and CP during treatment with IL‐6R inhibitor, and 27 patients with RA and CP during treatment without IL‐6R inhibitor. Periodontal and rheumatologic parameters and serum levels of cytokine and inflammatory markers and immunoglobulin G against periodontopathic bacteria were examined after medication with IL‐6R inhibitor for 20.3 months on average (T1) and again 8 weeks later (T2). Results: No differences were observed between the groups in any parameter values at T1, except for serum IL‐6 levels. The anti–IL‐6R group showed a significantly greater decrease in gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and serum levels of IL‐6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 from T1 to T2 than the control group (P <0.05). A significant correlation was found between changes in serum anticyclic citrullinated peptide levels and those in PD and CAL in the anti–IL‐6R group (P <0.05), whereas both groups exhibited a significant association between changes in serum MMP‐3 levels and those in BOP (P <0.05). Conclusion: Changes in periodontal and serum parameter values were different between the patients with RA and CP during treatment with and without IL‐6R inhibitor.     

Phenotypic study of human gingival fibroblasts in a medium enriched with platelet lysate

Background: The modulation abilities of gingival fibroblasts open new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular diseases (e.g., aneurism) and irradiation burns. Culture media are classically supplemented with animal sera to provide nutriments. Unfortunately, because of their potential for interspecies transmission of microorganisms, these media are not used for cells destined for human transplantation. This preliminary phenotypic study aims to test a serum‐free (SF) culture medium for human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) supplemented with human platelet lysates (PLs) for rapid cell expansion. Methods: An SF medium was first elaborated to compete with hGF proliferation in a reference medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (BSmedium). Adhesion, proliferation, and doubling kinetics were run in the presence of PLs (SF+PL). Cytoskeletal proteins were analyzed and chromosomal abnormalities were evaluated by karyotype analyses. The SF+PL influence on secretion of molecules implied in tissue remodeling (i.e., matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs], their tissue inhibitors [TIMPs], and several growth factors) was studied. Results: SF+PL increased the proliferation rate 1.5‐fold in a week compared to BSmedium. Cytoskeleton protein expression was similar in BSmedium and in SF+PL. Chromosomal abnormalities were rare in SF+PL. MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐7, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and the growth factors interleukin‐1β and ‐4 and transforming growth factor‐β1 secretions were stable during the experiment. TIMP‐2 and interleukin‐6 were slightly decreased in SF+PL compared to BSmedium. Conclusion: While waiting confirmation from a proteomic approach, this SF culture medium could allow a secured faster hGF proliferation adapted for human cell transplant therapy.     

侵袭性牙周炎患者血清钙、磷分析

目的 分析侵袭性牙周炎患者是否存在血清钙、磷水平的异常。 方法 侵袭性牙周炎患者40例作为试验组,另选择牙周健康者40例对照组,空腹抽取静脉血,检测血清钙、磷水平,对两组血清结果进行比较,检查试验组附着丧失和牙齿松动度,与血清结果进行统计分析。 结果 试验组血清钙（1.9±0.5）mmol/L,明显低于对照组（2.3±0.4）mmol/L（P＜0.05）,试验组血清钙低于正常值者24人,明显高于对照组17人（P＜0.05）,Spearman相关分析显示血清磷与牙齿松动度存在相关性（P＜0.05）。 结论 侵袭性牙周炎组血清钙水平明显低于对照组,提示血清钙降低与侵袭性牙周炎之间可能存在相关性。