四种牙本质粘接系统的微拉伸强度研究

目的　评价四种牙本质粘接系统 (SingleBond ;Bond 1;Prime&BondNT ;One Step)的微拉伸粘接强度。方法　选择新鲜拔除的无龋磨牙 2 0个 ,磨除牙釉质 ,暴露牙本质。分别用四种牙本质粘接系统按使用说明进行粘接处理。牙齿贮存于 3 7℃生理盐水 2 4h后 ,制备成沙漏状试件。粘接界面面积控制在 1mm2 左右。测试其拉伸强度 ,并作统计学处理。结果　四种牙本质粘接系统的微拉伸强度分别为 :2 5 .80± 2 .41Mpa (SingleBond) ;2 9.92± 3 .0 4Mpa (Bond 1) ;2 8.97± 2 .73Mpa (Prime&BondNT) ;3 0 .0 3± 2 .96Mpa (One Step)。结论　微拉伸方法测得的粘接强度明显高于传统较大粘接面积时的测试值。更为客观、真实地反应了各粘接系统的粘接强度     

脱矿牙本质与四种粘接剂的粘接强度测试及粘接界面观察

目的比较脱矿牙本质与4种全酸蚀或自酸蚀粘接剂的粘接强度及粘接界面超微结构的差异,以期对临床治疗有所指导。方法选择20颗面龋坏的离体磨牙,在龋显示剂的指示下去除牙本质龋的感染层,保留脱矿牙本质。平齐龋洞洞底平面,去除冠向牙体组织,作为粘接面。选择临床常用的2种全酸蚀粘接剂:材料A(All Bond2)、材料B(Prime&BondNT)和2种自酸蚀粘接剂:材料C(ClearfilSEBond)、材料D(XenoⅢ),分别按说明书要求粘接。用慢速锯将样本牙切为粘接面积约0.9mm×0.9mm的长方体试件。体视显微镜下将试件分为正常牙本质组和脱矿牙本质组,用微拉伸测试仪检测粘接强度。扫描电镜观察各组试件粘接界面的超微形态。结果方差分析提示牙本质类型和粘接剂对微拉伸粘接强度的影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对正常牙本质,不同粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对于脱矿牙本质,材料D的微拉伸粘接强度较其他粘接剂明显降低(P<0.05)。扫描电镜下观察脱矿牙本质的混合层多孔稀疏,树脂突短少,无侧枝形成。结论对脱矿牙本质,本项实验中全酸蚀粘接剂的粘接强度优于自酸蚀粘接剂。     

利用活髓在体牙评测新型牙本质粘结材料

目的 :评测 4种新型牙本质粘结材料 (SingleBond ;Bond l;Prime&BondNT ;One Step)与活髓在体牙本质粘结处理后的强度。方法 :选取 17名志愿者口内 19颗无龋活髓磨牙 (牙周炎牙 ,无保留价值 ) ,局麻下用高速涡轮机、金钢砂车针在喷水降温下磨切咬合面 ,暴露牙本质。分别用 4种牙本质粘结材料按使用说明进行粘结处理 ,即刻拔除 ,贮存于 3 7℃生理盐水中 2 4h后 ,制备成沙漏状试件。粘结界面面积控制在lmm2 左右。测试拉伸强度 ,并作统计学处理。结果 :4种新型牙本质粘结材料与活髓在体牙本质粘结处理后的微拉伸强度分别为 :SingleBond(2 6.18± 3 .67)MPa ;Bond 1(3 0 .0 8± 3 .15)MPa;Prime&BondNT(2 9.70± 3 .0 3 )MPa ;One Step (2 9.91± 3 .51)MPa。结论 :新型牙本质粘结材料与活髓在体牙本质粘结处理后取得了较高的粘结强度值 ,最高微拉伸强度达到了 (3 0 .0 8± 3 .15)MPa ,具有较好的粘结性能     

四种粘接系统的微拉伸粘接强度

目的 评价四种粘接系统的微拉伸粘接强度（SingleBond;Bond-1;Prime＆Bond　NT;One-Step）。方法 新鲜拔除的无龋坏人磨牙（拔除1个月以内,贮存于37℃生理盐水中）,高速涡轮机金钢砂车针在喷水降温下磨切咬合面,暴露牙本质。分别用四种粘接剂按使用说明进行粘接处理。牙齿贮存于37℃生理盐水24h后,制备成沙漏状试件。粘接界面面积控制在1mm2左右。测试其拉伸强度,并作统计学处理。结果 四种粘接系统的微拉伸强度分别为:（25.80±2.41）MPa（SingleBond）;（29.92±3.04）MPa（Bond-1）;（28.97±2.73）MPa（Prime＆BondNT）;（30.03±2.96）MPa（One-Step）。结论 微拉伸方法测得的粘接强度明显高于传统较大粘接面积时的测试值。更为客观、真实地反应了各粘接系统的粘接强度。     

丁香油酚对全酸蚀/自酸蚀牙本质粘接系统微拉伸强度的影响

目的:评价含丁香油酚的暂封剂氧化锌丁香油糊剂(zincoxide- eugenol ,ZOE)对全酸蚀/自酸蚀牙本质粘接系统微拉伸强度的影响。方法:选择因正畸拔除的完整、无龋前磨牙;两种全酸蚀牙本质粘接系统:AllBond 2和SingleBond ,两种自酸蚀牙本质粘接系统:ClearfilSEBond和iBond。实验组使用氧化锌丁香油糊剂;对照组牙本质表面不做任何处理;分别存储于3 7℃的蒸馏水中,一周后两组分别使用4种牙本质粘接系统,用微拉伸法测试粘接强度。在体视显微镜下观察断裂界面。结果:双因素方差分析使用ZOE对粘接强度有显著影响(P <0 .0 5 ) ,粘接剂的类型对粘接强度无显著性影响(P >0 .0 5 ) ,交互作用有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。多重比较提示,AllBond 2和SingleBond的实验组和对照组无显著性差异,而ClearfilSEBond和iBond实验组的微拉伸强度明显低于对照组,有显著性差异。体视显微镜下观察断裂多发生在粘接剂内。结论:含丁香油酚的暂封剂氧化锌丁香油糊剂对全酸蚀系统的AllBond 2和SingleBond的粘接强度无影响,对自酸蚀系统的ClearfilSEBond和iBond有显著不利影响。     

干燥和湿润环境下不同牙本质粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度比较

目的 应用6种不同类型牙本质粘接剂,比较其粘接试样在干燥和湿润测试环境下的微拉伸粘接强度,并分析产生差异的原因。方法 选择人离体无龋第三磨牙24颗,暴露面牙本质,将试样随机均分为6组,分别使用6种粘接剂（Prime ＆ Bond NT、Contax、Clearfil SE Bond、Adper Prompt、Clearfil S3 Bond和i Bond）和一种复合树脂制作牙本质-复合树脂粘接体,然后纵向片切制备横截面积约0.8 mm²的微拉伸试样,每种粘接材料的拉伸试样再分成3个亚组（每个亚组n=20）：A组（试样粘接界面保持湿润）、B组（试样在空气中干燥2 h后测试）、C组（试样在空气中干燥24 h后测试）,测试微拉伸粘接强度,最后扫描电镜观察断裂模式。结果 i Bond处理的A组与B、C组粘接强度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,其余5种粘接剂的A组粘接强度均低于B、C组（P<0.05）。断裂模式均以界面破坏为主,与试样干湿状态无关。结论 干燥环境下所测得牙本质粘接剂的微拉伸粘接强度值高于湿润环境下所测得的强度值。     

牙本质表面状态对酒精-水基粘接剂强度和界面影响的微拉伸及LSCM研究

目的 :研究干燥或湿润的牙本质表面状态对酒精 -水基粘接剂粘接强度和粘接界面微观结构的影响 ,并探讨粘接强度和粘接界面微观结构之间的内在联系。方法 :选用两种含有酒精和水的湿粘接系统OptiBondSolo和SingleBond ,将Chrisma树脂分别粘结在干燥或湿润的人牙本质表面 ,测试各组试件的微拉伸强度 ,并在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察和比较各组试件粘接界面超微结构的异同。结果 :湿粘接时粘接剂对牙本质表面的渗透较为充分 ,混合层均匀 ,厚度约为 5 μm ,并可观察到牙本质小管和侧支小管中均有明显的树脂突形成 ;干燥粘结时形成的界面形态与湿粘接时没有明显区别。干燥粘接时 ,两种粘接系统的微拉伸强度均有显著降低 ,下降幅度最高为 2 3 % ,微拉伸破坏的方式主要是粘接界面的破坏。结论 :含有酒精和水的粘接系统在干燥或湿润粘接时粘接界面的超微结构变化不明显 ,其中的水分对干燥的牙本质表面有再湿润效果 ;干燥粘结时微拉伸强度则有明显的降低 ;微拉伸强度的测试可以更客观的反映粘接强度的大小。     

三种粘接剂粘接不同牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度比较

目的采用微拉伸粘接强度实验测定3种牙本质粘接剂粘接楔状缺损处硬化牙本质的粘接强度。方法选择有典型楔状缺损并因牙周病拔除的上颌前磨牙30颗作为实验组，正常上颌前磨牙30颗作为对照组，使用粘接剂A（全酸蚀粘接剂Scotchbond Multi—Purpose）、B（一步法自酸蚀粘接剂Adper Prompt L-Pop）和C（两步法自酸蚀粘接剂Contax）处理硬化牙本质和正常牙本质表面，相应树脂修复。测试两组试件的微拉伸粘接强度。结果粘接剂A、B、C粘接硬化牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度分别为46．805MPa、39．045MPa、29．852MPa。粘接剂A和C与硬化牙本质的微拉伸粘接强度低于正常牙本质，而粘接剂B与之相反，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论牙颈部楔状缺损处硬化牙本质由于结构上的特殊性可造成粘接困难。酸性强有利于粘接剂与硬化牙本质的粘接。     

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目的比较老年牙本质和青年牙本质与复合树脂间粘接强度的差异,评价Er,Cr：YSGG激光对牙本质与复合树脂间粘接强度的影响。方法于2012年2—3月在中国医科大学口腔医学院收集老年人（A组）和青年人（B组）离体牙标本各10颗,每组随机分为2个亚组,即A1、A2组和B1、B2组。A1、B1组采用Er,Cr：YSGG激光预备,A2、B2组采用传统涡轮手机预备,自酸蚀粘接剂结合Z350复合树脂充填,37℃水浴24h后,制备成沙漏状试件并进行微拉伸粘接强度测试。体式显微镜下观察并记录断裂模式。结果微拉伸粘接强度测试结果,青年牙本质组明显高于老年牙本质组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;激光预备组略高于手机预备组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。各组断裂模式多为界面断裂,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论老年牙本质由于增龄性变化导致粘接强度降低;Er,Cr：YSGG激光预备对牙本质与复合树脂间粘接强度无不利影响,可作为传统涡轮手机的替代方法。     

五种牙本质粘接剂对乳牙牙本质粘接性能的比较

目的 检测5种牙本质粘接剂对乳牙牙本质的粘接性能,为牙本质粘接剂的临床使用提供依据.方法 按随机数表法将75颗因滞留拔除的乳磨牙分为5组,每组15颗.各标本磨除表面牙釉质,暴露的牙本质面分别根据不同粘接系统的说明进行酸蚀粘接,树脂充填.使用A(FL-Bond Ⅱ)、B(Clearfil Protect Bond)、C(Clearfil SE Bond)、D(AdperTM Easy One)、E(Single Bond 2)粘接系统进行粘接(分别为A、B、C、D、E组),用微拉伸测试仪检测微拉伸强度.扫描电镜观察样本的断裂类型.结果 各组的微拉伸强度分别为A组:(28.3±2.2)MPa,B组:(32.4±2.5)MPa,C组:(38.3±2.8) MPa,D组:(32.9±3.4)MPa,E组:(23.2±1.9) MPa,C组与A、E组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),C组与B组、D组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),A组与E组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).扫描电镜观察显示各组的断裂类型均以混合断裂为主,各组间无明显差异.结论 粘接剂B的粘接强度与粘接剂C和D相同,优于粘接剂E,可能更适用于乳牙的粘接.     

Dimensional changes and ultimate tensile strengths of wet decalcified dentin applied with one-bottle adhesives

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to test the null hypothesis that no dimensional changes in wet decalcified dentin matrices will occur during the application of one-bottle adhesives, and to evaluate the ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of resin-infiltrated dentin matrices using the microtensile test. METHODS: Dentin disks 0.2 mm thick were prepared from mid-coronal dentin of human unerupted third molars. They were completely decalcified in 0.5 M EDTA (pH 7.4) for 5 days at 25 degrees C and then placed in the bottom of an aluminum well to permit use of the LVDT portion of a thermal mechanical analyzer. Changes in matrix height in response to the application of Single Bond, One-Step or Prime & Bond NT were measured along with the UTS of resin-infiltrated specimens that were compared using a one-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test. RESULTS: All one-bottle adhesives produced a gradual, progressive shrinkage of the decalcified matrix of 26-33%. The shrinkage produced by Single Bond was significantly greater (p<0.05) than that produced by the other adhesives. The UTS of One-Step was significantly higher (<0.05) than that of Prime & Bond NT (42.0+/-13.6 vs 29.7+/-1.9 MPa, respectively), with Single Bond producing intermediate UTS (34.3+/-7.4 MPa). SIGNIFICANCE: If the durability of resin-dentin bonds depends upon the size of interfibrillar spaces for both diffusion channels and resin uptake, then adhesive formulations should be designed to minimize matrix shrinkage during resin infiltration.     

Effect of solvent and rewetting time on dentin adhesion.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of solvent and rewetting time on microtensile dentin bond strengths of four dentin adhesives. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Sixty human molar specimens were divided into four dentin adhesive treatment groups: (1) a water-based total-etch dentin adhesive, EBS Multi; (2) an ethanol-based total-etch adhesive, Excite; (3) an acetone-based total-etch adhesive, Prime & Bond NT; and (4) an ethanol- and water-based total-etch adhesive, Single Bond. For each dentin adhesive, three specimens were assigned to five dentin moisture conditions. Specimens were tested in the tensile mode. RESULTS: When adhesives were applied to moist dentin, bond strengths varied from 26.2 MPa for Prime & Bond NT to 29.5 MPa for Single Bond without any statistical differences. When applied to dentin that had been dried for 15 seconds, Prime & Bond NT and Excite resulted in the lowest mean bond strengths, but they were statistically similar to each other (7.9 and 8.3 MPa, respectively). Single Bond resulted in a mean bond strength of 12.7 MPa, which was significantly lower than that of EBS Multi (24.1 MPa). For the latter, all mean bond strengths were statistically similar when some amount of moisture was present on the surface. For the other three adhesives, mean bond strengths returned to the range obtained on moist dentin only when dentin was rewet for 30 seconds. CONCLUSION: Bond strengths upon rewetting depend on the type of solvent in the bonding system, and rewetting time.     

Microtensile bond strength of a filled vs unfilled adhesive to dentin using self-etch and total-etch technique

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a filled adhesive (One-Step Plus; Bisco) versus an unfilled adhesive (One-Step; Bisco) on the microtensile bond strength (muTBS) to dentin using total-etch (Uni-etch; Bisco) and self-etch (Tyrian SPE; Bisco) techniques. METHODS: Twenty extracted human third molars were ground flat to expose occlusal dentin. After the dentin surfaces were polished with 600-grit SiC paper, the teeth were randomly assigned to four groups according to the bonding agent and technique being used. Dentin surfaces were bonded with One-Step Plus+total-etch; One-Step Plus+self-etch; One-Step+total-etch and One-Step+self-etch. Composite buildups were performed with Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray Medical). Following storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, the bonded specimens were serially sectioned into 0.7 mm-thick slabs and then trimmed to hour-glass shapes with a 1 mm2 cross-sectional area (n=20). Microtensile bond strengths were determined using the EZ-test (Shimadzu) at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the muTBS between One-Step Plus and One-Step adhesives when they were used with the total-etch and self-etch techniques (p>0.05). However with the total-etch technique both adhesives yielded significantly higher bond strength values than the self-etch technique (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The filled adhesive One-Step Plus did not show any beneficial effect than the unfilled adhesive One-Step on the muTBS to dentin with total-etch and self-etch techniques. Irrespective from the adhesive type, self-etch technique revealed lower bond strengths than the total-etch technique.     

Bond strengths of three different dentin adhesive systems to sclerotic dentin

The two-fold aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the microtensile bond strengths of different adhesive systems to sclerotic and sound palatal dentin; and (2) to observe the respective resin-dentin interfaces. Thirty extracted human incisor teeth were divided into two groups. Group I comprised sclerotic defects in the palatal zone. Group II comprised sound palatal dentin surfaces as control. Each group (n=15) was divided into three subgroups according to dentin adhesive systems: self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond), total-etch (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus), and glass ionomer (Reactmer Bond) adhesive systems. The specimens were subjected to tensile forces. Obtained data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan's test. Fracture sites and resin-dentin interfaces were observed using a light microscope and SEM. With sound dentin, Clearfil SE Bond showed a significantly higher bond strength than the other adhesives (p < 0.05). With sclerotic dentin, although there were no significant differences in bond strength among the adhesives groups (p > 0.05), the bond strength values of Clearfil SE Bond and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus were significantly decreased. On resin-dentin interface observation, different images were presented by different bonding systems.     

A comparison of microtensile bond strengths of several dentin bonding systems to primary and permanent dentin.

OBJECTIVES: Limited information exists with regard to the adhesive ability of glass ionomer cements (GIC) and recently developed resin-based dentin bond systems to primary dentin. The aim of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength of a conventional GIC (Fuji IX), a resin-modified GIC (Fuji II LC), and two resin-based dentin adhesives (Prime and Bond NT with NRC and Single Bond). The bonded interfaces were also observed using field emission electron microscopy(FE-SEM). METHODS: Microtensile bond test specimens were prepared on superficial dentin of primary and permanent molars. The specimens were bonded according to each manufacturer's instructions except for Prime and Bond NT/NRC which used Silux Plus resin composite instead of Dyract. Hour-glass shaped specimens were created (diameter of 1.2+/-0.02 mm) and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and LSD test, fracture modes were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskall-Wallis test. Twelve specimens were prepared for each material on primary and permanent dentin. Samples were prepared in the same manner, then critical point dried, fractured and sputter-coated for the FE-SEM observations. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA showed the overall bond strengths were greater for the permanent dentin compared with primary dentin. However, for individual material comparisons no differences among the bond strengths to primary and permanent dentin for Fuji IX (9.7, 12.2 MPa), Fuji II LC (16, 20.1 MPa), Prime & Bond NT/NRC (18.1, 21.6 MPa) and Single Bond (18.2, 21.6 MPa), were detected. However, Fuji IX bond strengths were significantly lower than the other systems tested when bonded to either primary or permanent dentin (p<0.05). Failure mode showed cohesive failure of GIC and mostly adhesive failure for the resin-based adhesives. The FE-SEM observations showed hybrid-like layer formation for the GIC materials and hybrid layer formation for the resin-based adhesives. SIGNIFICANCE: The materials tested would be suitable for bonding to either primary or permanent dentin, but the resin-modified GIC or resin-based systems are likely to provide a stronger bond than the conventional GIC, Fuji IX.     

Shear bond strengths of self-etching adhesives to caries-affected dentin on the gingival wall

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of five current self-etching adhesives to caries-affected dentin on the gingival wall. Seventy extracted human molars with approximal dentin caries were employed in this study. In order to obtain caries-affected dentin on the gingival wall, grinding was performed under running water. Following which, specimens mounted in acrylic blocks and composite resins of the bonding systems were bonded to dentin with plastic rings and then debonded by shear bond strength. With Clearfil SE Bond, bonding to caries-affected dentin showed the highest bond strength. With Optibond Solo Plus Self-Etch, bonding to caries-affected dentin showed higher shear bond strength than AQ Bond, Tyrian SPE & One-Step Plus, and Prompt-L-Pop (p<0.05). Further, the bond strengths of Clearfil SE Bond and Optibond Solo Plus Self-Etch to sound dentin were higher than those of Prompt-L-Pop, AQ Bond, and Tyrian SPE & One-Step Plus (p<0.05). In conclusion, besides micromechanical interlocking through hybrid layer formation, bond strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin may be increased from additional chemical interaction between the functional monomer and residual hydroxyapatite. The results of this study confirmed that differences in bond strength among self-etching adhesives to both caries-affected and sound dentin were due to chemical composition rather than acidity.     

Shear bond strength of "one bottle" dentin adhesives

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Several 1-bottle dentin adhesive resins have been introduced to the market; however, their shear bond strength still requires further investigation. PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the shear bond strength of five 1-bottle fifth generation dentin adhesive resin materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bond 1, Single Bond, One-Step, Prime & Bond 2.1, and Tenure Quick with fluoride were evaluated. Tenure All-Surface Bonding System, a fourth generation dentin adhesive resin, was used as the control group. Twelve specimens were prepared from each material, and the shear bond strength was measured by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture patterns were studied with the use of light and SEM. The results were analyzed with the use of ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength for each resin was as follows: Bond 1: 18.36 +/- 3.19 MPa; Single Bond: 16.22 +/- 2.11 MPa; One-Step: 22.51 +/- 3.69 MPa; Prime & Bond: 16. 64 +/- 3.66 MPa; Tenure Quick: 16.43 +/- 3.2 MPa; and Tenure All-Surface Bonding System: 15.06 +/- 3.5 MPa. The shear bond strength values of One-Step dentin adhesive resin showed significant differences compared with the other 5 groups (P<.001). No significant differences were seen between the control group and the other four 1-bottle dentin adhesive resins (0.25 > P>.1). Eighty percent or more of the specimens for each adhesive failed at the dentin/adhesive interface. An exception was Tenure All-Surface Bonding System in which all specimens failed at the dentin/adhesive interface. CONCLUSION: The 1-bottle systems tested bond to dentin with a strength similar to that of the control group. In addition, the shear bond strengths of 4 of the 1-bottle systems tested were not significantly different.     

Electric device improves bonds of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of an electric field produced by a new device for the application of etch-and-rinse adhesives on demineralized dentin surfaces.METHODS: Three simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives (Single Bond, Prime&Bond NT and One-Step) were applied with the electric device and compared with controls prepared with disposable sponges. Specimens were processed for microtensile bond strength test and nanoleakage investigation using high resolution SEM.RESULTS: Microtensile testing revealed higher bond strengths (p<0.05) for all adhesives tested when electricity was used. Adhesive interfaces prepared with electric impulses exhibited very homogenous hybrid layers with minimal nanoleakage compared with the controls.SIGNIFICANCE: The use of electricity produced by a new electronic device during the application of dentin adhesives may increase adhesive adaptation to the dentin substrate and improve dentin hybridization due to the substrate modifications induced by an electric field on the demineralized dentin organic matrix.