专业运动员膝关节半月板损伤关节镜手术及术后康复

膝关节半月板损伤是运动员膝关节创伤中常见的疾病 ,在足球、篮球、排球、体操、摔跤等项目中尤其常见。半月板损伤后往往症状明显 ,影响运动员的训练和比赛。目前国内运动医学界普遍采用关节镜手术及术后康复训练。本文就运动员膝关节半月板损伤处理原则及康复治疗问题作一些探讨。１资料与方法１．１临床资料从“浙江省人民医院康复 (运动 )医学科”和“北医三院运动医学研究所”随机抽取关节半月板损伤运动员６０名 ;其中男２２例 ,女３８例 ;年龄１７～２４岁 ,平均２０．５岁 ;平均伤后时间３个月。损伤类型 (见表１)。经临床检查和关…     

关节镜全内缝合法治疗外侧半月板腘肌腱裂孔处撕裂的临床疗效分析

目的 评估在半月板缝合器辅助下关节镜全内缝合法治疗膝关节外侧腘肌腱裂孔处半月板撕裂的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年1月－2019年6月该院确诊为腘肌腱处半月板撕裂并行关节镜下全内缝合的患者32例。患者年龄20～47岁，平均（33.75±8.21）岁；男21例，女11例；左膝损伤14例，右膝损伤18例。术前及术后6个月随访时，采用Lysholm膝关节评分、Tegner膝关节运动评分和美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）评估患者膝关节功能恢复情况；术前及术后6个月，采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）及关节活动度评估患者疼痛及关节活动度改善情况。结果 术后患者均得到6个月的随访，Lysholm评分由术前的（56.80±10.34）分提高至（89.56±5.71）分，Tegner评分由（2.47±0.78）分提高至（5.63±1.21）分，KSS由（42.28±4.75）分提高至（89.28±3.95）分，VAS由（5.03±1.77）分降至（1.85±0.54）分，关节活动度由（51.34±16.19）°扩大至（126.38±6.03）°，术前术后比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 腘肌腱裂孔处半月板较松弛，采用缝合器辅助下关节镜全内缝合法，在缝合过程中将腘肌腱与半月板同时缝合，能够较大程度地改善患者术后临床症状，提高稳定性，加大关节活动度，值得临床推广应用。     

运动员膝关节镜下半月板手术后的康复护理

总结报道对5名膝关节镜下行半月板手术运动员术后的康复护理经验。根据运动员的具体情况和所属体育项目特点，制定系统的、个性化的康复护理计划。所有运动员术后3个月内不进行任何形式的专项练习，每晚做踝关节环绕练习，长期坚持股四头肌等长收缩和直腿抬高练习；帆船和拳击运动员术后2周开始滑板或滑墙练习，术后4周开始单脚站立及抗阻蹬伸训练；沙滩排球运动员注意膝关节活动度练习和移动髌骨；女子七项全能运动员康复训练要顾及到各个方面，以增加关节的柔韧性练习为主。先做手术的2名运动员，由于医护人员缺乏相应的康复护理经验，遗留不同程度的后遗症，后面3名队员康复效果理想，基本回到了损伤前的训练水平。     

阶段式康复护理融合加速康复外科理念在半月板损伤行关节镜修复术患者中的应用

目的：探讨阶段式康复护理融合加速康复外科理念在半月板损伤行关节镜修复术患者中的应用效果。方法：将2021年9月1日～2022年3月31日43例半月板损伤行关节镜修复术治疗患者纳入对照组，实施阶段式康复护理；将2022年4月1日～9月30日43例半月板损伤行关节镜修复术治疗患者纳入观察组，在阶段式康复护理基础上融入快速康复外科理念。比较两组患者膝关节功能评分(采用Lysholm膝关节评分系统)、膝关节疼痛评分[采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]及膝关节活动度恢复时间。结果：两组离院时膝关节功能评分高于术前1 d(P<0.01),观察组离院时膝关节功能评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后24、48 h膝关节疼痛评分低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组膝关节活动度至30°、60°、90°、120°所需要时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：在半月板损伤行关节镜修复术患者的阶梯式康复护理中融入加速康复外科理念可明显改善患者膝关节功能，减轻术后疼痛感，促进患者膝关节活动度尽快恢复。     

膝关节功能评估表的临床研究

目的:研究膝关节功能评分表(百分法)的临床意义。方法:83例患者,男44例,女39例,年龄19-40岁,平均31岁。受伤时间1—28天,平均8天。损伤情况:半月板损伤60例,其中左膝27例,右膝33例:前交叉韧带断裂合并半月板损伤23例,其中左膝9例,右膝14例。患者入院后,统一由一名康复治疗师分别使用膝关节功能评分表(百分法)和Lysholm评分表进行膝关节功能评估。将二组评分值进行双变量相关分析。结果:83例患者采用膝关节功能评估表(百分法)评估、评分为52.58±19.18;采用Lysholm评分表评估,评分为51.86±19.71。将二组评分数值进行双变量相关分析,结果r=0.975,P<0.01,显示二组资料具有显著相关性。结论:膝关节功能评估表(百分法)使用方便,门诊、病房应用时,医、患间易于沟通,符合中国人的生活习惯和对临床问诊问题的理解。临床评分结果经统计学处理,与目前国际上应用效率较高的Lysholm评分法显著相关,因此,具有可靠性和实用性的特点。     

膝关节镜下手术治疗半月板损伤210例康复护理

目的:探讨膝关节镜下手术治疗半月板损伤患者的康复护理措施.方法:对210例半月板损伤患者行膝关节镜下手术治疗,术前注重心理护理和功能锻炼,术后给予精心康复护理,指导患者进行功能锻炼.结果:本组患者术后随访,症状消失206例,明显改善4例,治愈率达98%.结论:科学的康复护理方法,可促进膝关节镜手术的顺利进行,减少术后并发症,有利于患者关节早日康复.     

关节镜微创手术治疗膝关节半月板损伤92例疗效观察

目的 探讨关节镜微创手术治疗膝关节半月板损伤的临床疗效.方法 收集在该院确诊为半月板损伤的患者共92例.首先在关节镜下确定半月板的性质和撕裂的类型、范围后,行关节镜微创手术治疗.术后进行膝关节功能锻炼,并分别在入院与术后1个月、1年行膝关节活动范围测量.结果 92例均获随访,时间为1 ～ 36个月,平均9个月.按Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准:术前评分为(43.1±8.6)分,术后24个月时为(81.9±4 7)分,术前术后评分比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).术后疗效评定:优74例,良15例,尚可3例,无差病例.结论 关节镜微创手术治疗膝关节半月板损伤具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效佳、安全性较高等优点,且能最大程度保留半月板并可进行早期功能锻炼,恢复膝关节功能.因此值得临床进一步研究及应用.     

程序化护理干预对半月板损伤行膝关节镜术后康复效果的影响

目的 探讨程序化护理干预对半月板损伤行膝关节镜术后患者康复效果的影响.方法 选择半月板损伤行关节镜手术的患者100例,将其随机分为对照组50例和干预组50例.对照组按常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上采取渐进型知识指导,互动式行为训练及出院后追踪随访至术后1 ～1.5年.比较两组患者对疾病的认知及术后康复锻炼的知晓率、术后疼痛时间、术后满意率以及临床康复效果.结果干预组在术后膝关节血肿、疼痛持续时间、患者对疾病的认识及术后康复锻炼的知晓率、术后满意率、以及术后膝关节功能恢复方面优于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论程序化护理干预可明显提高半月板损伤行关节镜术后膝关节功能康复的效果,促进了术后的康复,提高了患者满意率,值得在半月板损伤行关节镜治疗患者推广应用.     

关节镜下半月板修整术后的早期康复护理

目的：探讨关节镜下半月板修整术后早期康复护理的效果。方法：60例半月板损伤的患者分为观察组32例和对照组28例，均采用关节镜下半月板修整术。术后对照组按常规配合护理。观察组早期给予康复护理，包括康复训练及系统的康复指导。结果：随访6个月，2组临床疗效比较，观察组优良率明显高于对照组（93．8％与71．4％，P〈0．05）。结论：早期实施康复训练能明显减少半月板修整术后并发症，并有效促进膝关节功能的恢复。     

膝关节半月板损伤术后的物理治疗：（附96例临床观察报告）

膝关节半月板损伤较为常见,尤以青壮年为多。手术治疗是一种有效方法,但术后膝关节功能的恢复及术后并发症是个棘手问题。为寻找更为有效的康复手段,几年来我们对半月板损伤术后96例病人进行对比观察,现将其结果报告如下。资料与方法本组96例,男74例,女22例;16～25岁51例,26～35岁36例,36～45岁9例;96例均为单侧损伤,左膝55例,右膝41例;内侧25例,外侧71例,全部病历均有膝关节肿胀、疼痛、压痛、功能障碍,其中关节内不同程度的积液48例。观察组均在术后2周拆线后行物理治疗。     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.     

自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用

目的 探讨自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊科社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者诊断中的价值.方法 根据病史、肺功能测定结果、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断标准,将111例CAP患者分为单纯CAP组(56例)和COPD合并CAP组[即慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)组,55例].询问患者病史后即刻抽取动脉血测血气并进行自动化酸碱平衡图分析.结果 血气分析结果显示,AECOPD组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2,kPa)、HCO3- (mmol/L)、剩余碱(BE,mmol/L)均显著高于CAP组(PaCO2:7.714±2.414比5.896±1.308,HCO3-:30.767±7.185比25.014±3.043,BE:4.345±5.371比-0.354±3.180,均P＜0.01).自动化酸碱平衡图分析结果显示,AECOPD组患者酸碱平衡紊乱高达89.1％,CAP组为66.1％.将AECOPD组和CAP组患者中正常(10.9％、33.9％)、急性呼吸性酸中毒(急性呼酸,12.7％、14.3％)、慢性呼吸性酸中毒(慢性呼酸,49.1％、10.7％)、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,7.3％、14.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸,12.7％、17.9％)、代谢性碱中毒(代碱,12.7％、8.9％)综合进行x2分析,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.421,P=0.001),而将正常、急性呼酸、呼碱、代酸及代碱进行x2分析,差异无统计学意义(x2=5.280,P=0.260),提示AECOPD患者慢性呼酸的发生率较单纯CAP患者显著增加.结论 自动化酸碱平衡图能帮助急诊科医师快速识别CAP患者是否存在多重酸碱平衡紊乱,并可快速识别急、慢性呼吸系统疾病.