膝关节屈曲角度对主动肌和拮抗肌共同收缩和力矩的影响

目的测试股四头肌进行最大等长收缩时,不同膝关节屈曲角度对股四头肌和腘绳肌收缩时肌电活动和力矩产生的影响。方法10名健康成人在3个不同膝关节角度(分别为30°、60°、90°)下进行膝伸展的最大等长收缩,利用Cybex等速测试系统测试下肢股四头肌产生的力矩,并应用表面肌电仪测试股四头肌和腘绳肌的神经肌电活动。结果在膝关节屈曲60°时,股四头肌的力矩值比其他角度明显增大(P<0.01),但股四头肌在3个屈曲角度时的神经肌电活动差异无统计学意义;而腘绳肌的神经肌电活动在膝关节屈曲90°时最大。结论在特定膝关节角度进行股四头肌和腘绳肌最大等长收缩训练可帮助维持膝关节的稳定性。     

骨关节炎性肌力减弱训练效果可能有选择性

目的 观察肌力训练减轻膝关节骨关节炎肌肉抑制的效果，探讨存在肌群抑制的情况下选择性同等肌力训练可否产生不同的效果。方法 18例膝骨关节炎患者(26膝)进行3—6周每周3次的肌力训练，伸膝肌和屈膝肌训练程度同等。前后测定60&;#176;／s、120&;#176;／s和180&;#176;／s等速运动的峰力矩、单次最佳做功和力矩加速能。结果 屈膝肌参数包括60&;#176;／s的单次最佳做功、120&;#176;／s的峰力矩和力矩加速能及180&;#176;／s的峰力矩和力矩加速能，均较伸膝肌有显著增加。结论 膝骨关节炎的伸膝肌和屈膝肌训练效果不同，屈膝肌力改善程度好于伸膝肌。     

膝关节骨关节炎膝屈伸肌训练效果的差异性

目的 探讨膝关节骨关节炎患者屈、伸膝肌练习效果的差异性。方法 18例膝关节骨关节炎患者(26个患膝)进行3～6周、每周3次的肌力练习,伸膝肌和屈膝肌练习的程度相同。练习前、后测定60°/s、120°/s和180°/s等速运动的峰力矩、单次最佳做功和力矩加速能。结果 屈膝肌参数(包括60°/s的单次最佳做功,120°/s的峰力矩、单次最佳做功和力矩加速能,180°/s的峰力矩和力矩加速能)均较伸膝肌参数有显著增加。结论 膝关节骨关节炎患者的伸膝肌和屈膝肌的练习效果不同,屈膝肌力改善程度好于伸膝肌。伸膝肌在功能性活动中起的作用更大,必须更注重伸膝肌的练习。     

骨关节炎性肌力减弱训练效果可能有选择性

目的观察肌力训练减轻膝关节骨关节炎肌肉抑制的效果,探讨存在肌群抑制的情况下选择性同等肌力训练可否产生不同的效果。方法18例膝骨关节炎患者(26膝)进行3～6周每周3次的肌力训练,伸膝肌和屈膝肌训练程度同等。前后测定60°/s、120°/s和180°/s等速运动的峰力矩、单次最佳做功和力矩加速能。结果屈膝肌参数包括60°/s的单次最佳做功、120°/s的峰力矩和力矩加速能及180°/s的峰力矩和力矩加速能,均较伸膝肌有显著增加。结论膝骨关节炎的伸膝肌和屈膝肌训练效果不同,屈膝肌力改善程度好于伸膝肌。     

膝关节骨性关节炎等速离心收缩肌力的研究

目的评价单侧膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)患者患侧和健侧膝关节股四头肌和腘绳肌的向心收缩和离心收缩肌力的变化,重点研究膝OA股四头肌和腘绳肌离心收缩功能的变化。方法应用BiodexSystem-3型等速测试系统对42例单侧膝关节骨性关节炎患者进行患侧和健侧的股四头肌及腘绳肌的向心和离心收缩功能测试。结果患侧和健侧股四头肌及健侧腘绳肌向心收缩时,当速度增加,峰力矩值显著减小;离心收缩时,随着角速度增加峰力矩未见下降;相同速度下,患侧和健侧股四头肌和腘绳肌离心收缩肌力明显大于向心收缩;膝OA患者存在股四头肌向心收缩和离心收缩肌力的下降(P<0.05),肌力缺失百分比>10%,以及腘绳肌低速向心肌力下降(P<0.05),肌力缺失百分比为14.33%。膝OA股四头肌的离心/向心肌力比值(E/C比值)低于腘绳肌,随运动速度增加,股四头肌的E/C比值明显增大。患侧股四头肌60°/s角速度下的E/C比值较健侧有显著增高(P<0.05)。结论膝OA患者股四头肌存在向心和离心收缩功能异常,提示膝OA患者的肌肉功能测试应增加离心测试,并注意加强膝OA患者股四头肌的离心收缩训练。     

偏瘫患者膝伸肌群等速离心收缩训练的效果

目的:探讨等速离心收缩训练对偏瘫患者膝伸肌群力量及步速的改善情况,了解其是否加重偏瘫膝伸肌群痉挛程度并产生肌肉损害.方法:应用Kin-Com等速装置对16例伴有膝伸肌群痉挛的偏瘫患者进行3次/周共4周的等速离心收缩训练,训练前、后分别用等速被动测试方法以30°/s、60°/s、120°/s角速度测定被动阻力力矩(痉挛量化指标),以及受累侧膝伸不同角速度时的向心收缩、离心收缩力矩;同时用表面电极EMG记录股四头肌、膕绳肌的肌电信号;测定训练前及训练停止3周后的自我习惯步态的10m步速.训练停止3周后,再次测定受累侧膝伸向心收缩力矩、离心收缩力矩.训练前和第1次训练后72h测定血中C反应蛋白和血肌酸激酶水平.结果:训练后,受累侧膝伸向心收缩、离心收缩力矩显著增加(P＜0.05);痉挛程度保持稳定(P＜0.05);原动肌(股四头肌)平均EMG活动显著增加(P＜0.05),拮抗肌(膕绳肌)抑制活动变化较小(P＜0.05);步速增加(P＜0.05).停止训练后3周时,受累侧膝伸肌力改善的百分比有所降低,但步速的改善基本保持(P>0.05).第1次训练后72h血C反应蛋白和血肌酸激酶均未高于正常值.结论:短期的等速离心收缩训练可显著地改善偏瘫患者肌力与步速,且不增加痉挛的程度,但长期效果尚未确定.     

膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌收缩特征的对照研究

目的 应用表面肌电图和等速肌力评测方法比较膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌、股外侧肌肌肉收缩特征,包括收缩速度、收缩力量和抗疲劳性.方法 34例膝骨关节炎患者参与观察组;34名健康人参与对照组.两组的年龄、身高、体重、性别、左右侧、Q角相匹配.所有受试者均在膝关节屈曲10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式下,进行股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌的表面肌电图和股四头肌肌力的评测.采用独立样本 t检验对两组评定指标包括募集速率、平均振幅、峰力矩/体重比、疲劳指数分别进行对比分析.结果 ①观察组股内侧肌在膝屈60°等长伸膝测试和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝测试中募集速率较对照组减小;股直肌在膝屈60°等长伸膝测试和等速60°/s伸膝测试中募集速率较对照组减小;股外侧肌在等长膝屈10°和100°伸膝测试和等速60°/s伸膝测试中募集速率较对照组减小( P＜0.05).②观察组股内侧肌、股直肌在等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝测试中平均振幅较对照组增大;观察组股直肌、股外侧肌在等长膝屈10°伸膝测试中平均振幅较对照组增大( P＜0.05).③观察组股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌在膝屈10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式中峰力矩/体重比均小于对照组( P＜0.05).④观察组在等速180°/s伸膝测试中股四头肌耐疲劳能力较对照组增强( P＜0.05).结论 膝骨关节炎患者患侧股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌的收缩速度减慢、收缩力量减小、抗疲劳性增加.     

膝关节内损伤患者的等速肌力测定

用Cybex-6000型等速肌力测试系统对42例膝关节内损伤患股四头厢绳肌肌肉功能进行评价。结果表明：患膝屈肿肌群的峰力矩、总作功量和力矩加速能量均较健侧显降低．患侧胭绳肌股四头肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)在60°/s较健侧增高.废用性肌肉萎缩和关节源性肌肉抑制是导致肌内功能降低的主要原因。在膝关节内损伤后的康复治疗中．应加强屈伸膝肌群的肌力训练．并注意屈伸膝肌力的平衡．以增强关节稳定性。     

髌韧带替代前交叉韧带重建术后股四头肌及guo绳肌等速测试结果

目的评价前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤经骨-髌韧带-骨(BPB)重建术后患侧及健侧膝关节股四头肌及腘绳肌的向心性收缩及离心性收缩功能的变化,重点观测作为协同保护前交叉韧带的腘绳肌拮抗性离心性收缩在不同运动速度及不同的关节位置下的功能变化.方法用Cybex-770型等速测试系统对30例陈旧性前交叉韧带损伤经关节镜行BPB替代ACL重建术后的患者进行患肢及健肢的股四头肌及腘绳肌的向心性和离心性收缩的肌肉功能进行测试.结果 显示在30°/s、60°/s、90°/s、120°/s的4组测试运动速度下患膝的股四头肌及在30°/s、60°/s、90°/s三组测试运动速度下患膝腘绳肌的向心性及离心性收缩的峰力矩都较健侧有明显下降,具显著性差异(P<0.05),而在120°/s运动速度下两下肢腘绳肌的向心性及离心性收缩峰力矩已无显著性差异.患肢腘绳肌离心性收缩与股四头肌向心性收缩的峰力矩之比(H/Q的E/C)及两者的向心性收缩峰力矩之比(H/Q的C/C)在4组运动速度下均大于健侧,具极显著性差异(P<0.01).随着运动速度的加大及膝关节的伸直两个比值逐步加大,H/Q的E/C比值在膝关节近伸直位时达到最高峰.结论前交叉韧带损伤BPB替代ACL重建术后患肢的股四头肌及腘绳肌都发生了废用性萎缩,但后者比前者恢复要快,术后2年在较快速运动下两侧腘绳肌的收缩功能已无明显差异,患侧肢体适应性地加强了作为保护前交叉韧带的动力装置腘绳肌的收缩功能,尤其是离心性收缩,随着运动速度的加快及膝关节的逐渐伸直至ACL最易损伤处这种保护反应达到最高峰.     

膝关节骨关节炎患者膝屈伸肌的表面肌电信号研究

目的 评价单侧膝关节骨关节炎（OA）患者在不同运动状态下的健、患侧膝屈伸肌的肌肉功能和协调活动差异，为临床制定康复方案提供依据。方法 用Noraxon Myosystem1200型表面肌电图仪对26例单侧膝关节骨关节炎患者的等长肌肉收缩功能和下蹲运动进行表面肌电信号的测试。结果 患侧股外侧肌和股二头肌在最大等长收缩和下蹲运动时的肌电振幅均值小于健侧（P〈0．05）。在最大等长收缩过程中，患侧的拮抗肌协同收缩率较健侧增高（P〈0．05）；在下蹲运动过程中，患侧的胭绳肌共同活动比率高于检测（P〈0．05）。结论 表面肌电图测试可用于量化评价膝OA患者在不同运动过程中肌肉功能。膝OA患肢在不同运动状态下均可能存在肌肉功能降低和肌力平衡异常。康复治疗不仅应重视股四头肌肌力增强而且应重视改善膝关节的肌力平衡。     

The role of knee joint moments and knee impairments on self-reported knee pain during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis

BackgroundThe association between high mechanical knee joint loading during gait with onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been given to risk factors related to increased pain during gait. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee joint moments and clinical characteristics that may be associated with gait-related knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsSixty-seven participants with knee osteoarthritis were stratified into three groups of no pain (n = 18), mild pain (n = 27), or moderate/severe pain (n = 22) based on their self-reported symptoms during gait. All participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Quadriceps strength, knee extension range of motion, radiographic knee alignment and self-reported measures of global pain and function were also quantified.FindingsThe moderate/severe pain group demonstrated worse global pain (P < 0.01) and physical function scores (P < 0.01) compared to the no pain and the mild pain groups. The moderate/severe pain group also walked with greater knee flexion moments during the midstance phase of gait compared to the no pain group (P = 0.02). Additionally, the moderate/severe pain group demonstrated greater varus knee malalignment (P = 0.009), which was associated with higher weight acceptance peak knee adduction moments (P = 0.003) and worse global pain (P = 0.003) and physical function scores (P = 0.006).InterpretationGreater knee flexion moment is present during the midstance phase of gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis and moderate/severe pain during gait. Additionally, greater varus malalignment may be a sign of increased global knee joint dysfunction that can influence many activities of daily living beyond gait.     

Comparison of peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse in distinguishing between severities of knee osteoarthritis

Background

The peak knee adduction moment is a valid proxy for medial knee joint loading. However as it only measures load at one instance of stance, knee adduction moment impulse, a measure that takes into account both the magnitude and duration of the stance phase, may provide more comprehensive information. This study directly compared the abilities of peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse to distinguish between knee osteoarthritis severities.

Methods

169 participants with medial knee osteoarthritis completed radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index to assess pain and a three-dimensional gait analysis. Participants were classified using four dichotomous classifications: Kellgren–Lawrence grading, alignment, medial tibiofemoral bone marrow lesions, and pain.

Findings

When using Kellgren–Lawrence grade and alignment classifications, the area under the receiver operator curves were significantly greater for knee adduction moment impulse than for peak knee adduction moment. Based on analysis of covariance, knee adduction moment impulse was significantly different between Kellgren–Lawrence grade and alignment groups while peak knee adduction moment was not significantly different. Both peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse distinguished between bone marrow lesion severities while neither measure was significantly different between pain severity groups.

Interpretations

Findings suggest knee adduction moment impulse is more sensitive at distinguishing between disease severities and may provide more comprehensive information on medial knee joint loading. Future studies investigating biomechanics of knee osteoarthritis should include knee adduction moment impulse in conjunction with peak knee adduction moment.     

单髁置换术与微创全膝关节置换术治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎的临床效果

目的比较单踝置换术(UKA)及微创全膝关节置换术(MIS-TKA)治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月我院收治的84例膝关节骨性关节炎老年患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式的不同将其分为单踝组(42例,UKA)与全膝组(42例,MIS-TKA)。比较两组临床疗效。结果单踝组手术时间、住院时间及直腿抬高时间短于全膝组,术中出血量少于全膝组(P<0.05)。术后1个月,单踝组KSS各项评分均优于全膝组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,单踝组动态步态指数及ROW均高于全膝组(P<0.05),但术后12个月时无差异(P>0.05);术后6、12个月,两组HSS评分均无差异(P>0.05)。术后6个月,两组AIMS2-SF评分均升高,但组间无差异(P>0.05)。结论 UKA与MIS-TKA均是治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎的有效术式,能有效改善膝关节功能,提高生活质量水平,但UKA的创伤及出血少,对膝关节骨性关节炎术后恢复更有优势。     

膝关节形态学测量在人工膝关节置换领域的价值及意义

背景：对人工膝关节假体形态尺寸进行观察及测量,并对相关测量统计数据进行人工膝关节形态设计,有利于促进膝关节假体植入后的稳定性和组织相容性。目的：结合文献探讨形态学测量在临床上膝关节置换中的重要性。方法：以＂膝关节;假体;测量;设计;置换＂为中文关键词,以＂artificial knee joint;prosthesis;measure;design;replacement＂为英文关键词。采用计算机检索1998-01/2011-12有关人工膝关节假体设计、测量及膝关节假体植入后相容性的文章。结果与结论：膝关节的形态学测量即膝关节的三维有限元模型、相关参数及角度、生物力学研究与膝关节假体选择及设计有着重要相关性。膝关节的形态测量有二维和三维测量,以三维测量法精确。膝关节线性尺寸之间、身高与线性尺寸之间均有很好的相关性,所测量的数据在临床上均有应用意义。典型的膝关节三维解剖模型,能为膝关节参数的测量提供一种可靠的方法,提高手术的成功。     

膝关节形态学测量在人工膝关节置换领域的价值及意义

背景:对人工膝关节假体形态尺寸进行观察及测量,并对相关测量统计数据进行人工膝关节形态设计,有利于促进膝关节假体植入后的稳定性和组织相容性。目的:结合文献探讨形态学测量在临床上膝关节置换中的重要性。方法:以"膝关节;假体;测量;设计;置换"为中文关键词,以"artificial knee joint;prosthesis;measure;design;replacement"为英文关键词。采用计算机检索1998-01/2011-12有关人工膝关节假体设计、测量及膝关节假体植入后相容性的文章。结果与结论:膝关节的形态学测量即膝关节的三维有限元模型、相关参数及角度、生物力学研究与膝关节假体选择及设计有着重要相关性。膝关节的形态测量有二维和三维测量,以三维测量法精确。膝关节线性尺寸之间、身高与线性尺寸之间均有很好的相关性,所测量的数据在临床上均有应用意义。典型的膝关节三维解剖模型,能为膝关节参数的测量提供一种可靠的方法,提高手术的成功。     

一期双膝关节与单膝关节置换的早期评价

背景:膝关节置换一期双侧置换还是单膝分期置换一直存在着争议。目的:评价双膝关节疾病患者一期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后早期临床疗效及SF-36健康问卷调查差异。方法:初次行全膝关节置换的患者144例190膝,均采用施乐辉公司假体行一期双膝全膝关节置换(双膝组)及一期选择性单膝全膝关节置换(单膝组)。观察患者膝关节置换前后活动范围、HSS评分及疼痛评分、置换后并发症及置换后SF-36量表调查结果。结果与结论:随访1年,9例失访,135例进入结果分析。膝关节置换后双膝组1例发生一过性腓总神经麻痹,1例获得性免疫缺陷综合征,1例发生切口愈合不良;单膝组发生2例切口愈合不良。膝关节置换后1年,SF-36量表调查,两组除生理职能比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)外,其余7方面比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组活动范围比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组HSS评分比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);双膝组疼痛评分显著低于单膝组(P<0.05)。结果证实,双膝组膝关节置换后早期在疼痛评分方面优于单膝组,但SF-36量表评价、HSS膝关节功能评分及关节活动范围等方面较单膝组无明显优势。     

Foot-pounds of torque of the normal knee and the rehabilitated postmeniscectomy knee.

Foot-pounds of torque of the knee flexors and knee extensors of eight rehabilitated patients who had had meniscectomies were obtained isometrically and at 60 and 210 degrees per second by use of an isokinetic apparatus. Our purpose was to test the null hypothesis that no significant difference in torque would be manifested between the rehabilitated postmeniscectomy knee and the normal knee. Mean torque developed by the rehabilitated postoperative knee was 10 to 12 percent less than the mean torque developed by the normal knee. We found a significant difference between means of torque of the normal knee and the rehabilitated knee for isometric flexion, rapid dynamic flexion, and rapid dynamic extension. Means of torque of knee extension for the three types of contraction for both knees of the subjects demonstrated similar patterns in which torque developed isometrically was greater than torque developed by slow dynamic tension, which in turn was greater than torque developed by rapid dynamic contraction. Means of torque of knee flexion for the three types of contraction for both knees of the subjects created patterns in which torque developed isometrically was essentially equal to torque developed by slow dynamic tension, and both these measurements exceeded torque developed by rapid dynamic contractions. Overall, the results suggest that physical therapists need to use rehabilitative techniques that promote muscular power and muscular endurance in addition to muscular strength and that more attention needs to be directed to the rehabilitation of knee flexors.