幻觉的量化描述:(二)属性的相关分析(1)

为了解幻觉属性的相互关系,应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定,并进行5类属性的相关分析。结果,几乎所有的5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性,其中效应属性与其他属性关系更为密切,与总分关系最高。提示,幻觉属性相关性好,效应属性可能是主要属性。     

The relationship between age,gender and psychological distress in rehabilitation inpatients

Although commonly accepted as the dominant emotional reaction to functional loss, the reported occurrence of depression in rehabilitation patients varies widely. Rather than focusing solely on depressive symptoms, this study furthers our understanding of emotional distress following a functional loss by assessing a range of psychiatric symptoms. A series of rehabilitation patients admitted to an urban hospital inpatient unit is used as the sample (n = 48). Demographic, neuropsychological, and a functional independence measure were included as independent variables. The statistical analysis revealed that — although age was not correlated with years of education, functional status, or neuropsychological impairment — there was a significant inverse relationship between age and reported emotional distress. Utilizing MANCOVA to explore the impact of age and gender on specific groups of psychiatric symptoms revealed that both younger and male patients tended to express psychiatric symptoms more frequently. The importance of considering age and gender in evaluation of emotional distress in rehabilitation is supported in this comprehensive study of psychiatric symptoms.     

Anger, stress and blood pressure in overweight children

Among adults, trait anger, patterns of anger expression, and stress have been associated with blood pressure (BP). Less apparent is the effect of these variables on BP in overweight and obese children. To characterize the relationships between these psychological variables and BP, the authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from 73 overweight and obese 9- to 11-year-old children. Findings indicate a positive correlation between trait anger and systolic BP (SBP). Regression results indicate that the overall model significantly predicted SBP by explaining 15.4% of the variance and that trait anger was a significant predictor of SBP.     

Interactions between recovery in aphasia,emotional and psychosocial factors in subjects with aphasia,their significant others and speech pathologists

Associations between clinical and functional aphasia recovery and perceptions of emotional and psychosocial adjustment accompanying aphasia were examined in five subjects at 3 and 9 months post-onset of stroke using a range of objective and subjective measures. The subjective well-being and optimism of significant others of aphasic patients was also examined, and speech pathologists completed measures of optimism. Unique patterns of individual emotional and psychosocial adjustment were found over time in patients and their significant others, even in patients with similar aphasia type and severity. Individual variability in emotional and psychosocial adjustment and their impact on recovery from aphasia are discussed.     

Emotions and Cognitions in Coronary Heart Disease: Risk, Resilience, and Social Context

Until recently, scientists have lacked the technology and data needed to support or refute the centuries-old belief that emotions influence coronary health. The past two decades have witnessed dramatic advances in knowledge concerning the pathophysiology underlying coronary heart disease (CHD) and the contribution of emotions and cognitions to disease processes. This progress, in combination with findings from a growing body of large, methodologically sound epidemiological studies, provides substantial evidence that negative emotions and cognitions, including hostility and related constructs, and sub-facets of negative affectivity (e.g., depression, anxiety) contribute to the initiation and progression of CHD. In contrast, research focused on the potential resilient contribution of positive emotions and cognitions has been notably absent from the literature. Furthermore, studies concerning emotions and health have often neglected important contextual factors and concomitant social processes. In the current review, we examine the evidence regarding the roles of emotions and cognitions in CHD risks and outcomes, and suggest that further attention to positive emotional constructs is warranted. We also suggest that the literature would benefit from a more integrative conceptualization of cognitive/emotional and social factors, to better understand how each variable contributes to coronary disease. We further encourage a focus on broad contextual factors, including socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity, which may elucidate the circumstances under which health effects of cognitions and emotions are most likely to emerge. We conclude by noting the implications of the current knowledge base for coronary interventions and the practice of cardiac psychology.     

Exploring the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, coping, social support and mental health in nursing students

Studies conducted with nurses or nursing students have shown that emotional intelligence is a skill that minimizes the negative stress consequences. The present work examines the role of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, in the use of stress-coping strategies, in the quantity and quality of social support and in the mental health of nursing students. The results indicated positive correlations between clarity and social support, social support and repair, and social support and mental health. Hierarchy regression analysis pointed out that clarity and emotional repair are predictors of social support, and emotional repair is the main predictor of mental health. These results show the importance of PEI in stress coping within the nursing framework.     

治疗性沟通系统对胃癌患者术前焦虑及特质应对方式的影响

目的探讨治疗性沟通系统对胃癌患者术前焦虑及特质应对方式的影响。方法以胃癌术前伴焦虑的59例患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组28例,干预组31例。对照组予常规术前护理及临床一般沟通,干预组在此基础上予以系统的治疗性沟通。干预前后(入院当天、术前1 d)采用焦虑自评量表与特质应对方式问卷进行测量。结果干预前,一般资料、焦虑、特质应对方式组间差异无显著意义(P0.05);干预后与干预前比较,干预组焦虑有所缓解,特质应对方式中的积极应对有所提高,消极应对有所降低(P0.05),对照组均无显著变化(P0.05);干预后,干预组焦虑、积极应对、消极应对的改善均优于对照组(P0.01),且焦虑的好转组间差异有显著意义(P0.001)。结论治疗性沟通系统能比较有效地缓解胃癌患者术前焦虑,提高其应对能力。     

情绪伪装

情绪伪装是个体情绪体验与情绪表现不一致的行为。它在社会生活中习得并且终身发展,受到社会环境、家庭、教育及同伴关系等因素的影响,并且由于个体的认知、情感和行为不同而采取不同的策略、产生不同的结果,对个体的生理、心理和社会功能均会产生影响。